e 经历
注：有些集体名词如被看作整体时就作单数用，如被看作集体中各个成员时就作复数用.
My family is a small one.
His family are waiting for
him.
“people”通常视为person的复数形式，作“民族”解时则有复数形式（peoples）
三．名词的数（可数名词和不可数名词）
1、可数名词的单数和复数作主语时决定谓语动词的单数和复数；不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
注：其中类名词和集体名词为可数名词(countable nouns); 物质名词和抽象名词为不可数名词(uncountable
nouns)。
2、名词的规则复数形式(可数名词)。
名词的复数形式，一般在单数形式后加-s或-es。现将构成方法与读音规则列表如下：
构成方法
|
语 音
|
例 词
|
在词尾加-s
|
1．在清辅音后读作/ s/
2．在浊辅音后读作/z/
|
1．desk-desks/desks/
2．dog-dogs/dCgz/
|
1．在以/s, z, F, V, tF,
dV/等音结尾的名词之后加-es
2．如词尾为e，只加-s
|
-（e）s读作/iz/
|
1.class-classes/ 5kla:siz/
buzz-buzzes/ 5bQziz/
2．horse-horses/5hC:siz/
page-pages/5peidViz/
|
如词尾为-f或-fe，则一般变为-ves
|
-ves读作/vz/
|
knife-knives/naivz/
|
以辅音＋y结尾的名词，变y为i，再加-es
|
-ies读作/iz/
|
family-families/f Amiliz/
|
以元音＋y结尾的名词，加-s
|
-s读作/z/
|
boy-boys/bCiz/
|
以辅音＋o结尾的名词，加-es
|
-es读作/z/
|
tomato-tomatoes/t[ 5mB:t[uz/
|
以元音＋o结尾的名词，加-s
|
-s读作/z/
|
radio-radios/5reidi[uz/
|
以结尾-th的名词，加-s
|
1．在长元音后,-ths读作/ Tz/
2．在短元音或辅音后，-ths读作/Ws/
|
1.bath-baths/ba:Tz/
2.month-months/mQnWs/
|
3.名词的不规则复数形式
构成方法
|
例 词
|
变内部元音
|
woman/5wum[n/-women/5wimin/
tooth/tu:W/-teeth/ti:W牙齿
man/mAn/-men/men/
mouse/maus/- mice/mais/
鼠
foot/fut/-feet/fi:t/ 足
|
词尾加-en
|
child/ 5tFaild/-children/
5tFildren/ ox/ Cks/-oxen/5Cks[n/ 公牛
|
形式不变（复数与单数一样）
|
beer/di[/-deer 鹿
fish/fiF/-fish
sheep/Fi:p/-sheep
|
外 来 词
|
phenomenon/fi5nCmin[n/-phenomena//fi5nCmin[/ 现象
|
4.有些名词是复数形式，但实际上作单数用，如politcs, physics, news, the United
Nations等.
5．有些名词通常只有复数形式，如goods, trousers, clothes, series等
但这些名词作主语时谓语动词应用复数形式，但前面有a pair of时，应用单数形式。
A pair of trousers isn 5t
enough.
The trousers are worn
out.
6.有些集体名词往往作复数用，如cattle, police, fish等。
The police are running after the thief.
但有些集体名词却往往作单数用，如clothing, machinery等。
7.有些名词只作单数用，他们没有复数形式，如knowledge, weather, litter等。
四．限定词与名词的搭配关系。
有些限定词只能跟可数名词或不可数名词，而有些限定词跟两者皆可，详见下表：
可数名词
|
不可数名词
|
a, the,
some, any
|
the, some,
any
|
this, that,
these, those
|
this, that
|
none, one,
two, three,…
|
one
|
a lot of, (a)few,
fewer…than, more…than
A large number of, a great number of,
many
|
a lot of, more…than,
much, a large amount of (a)little,
less…than
|
五．名词所有格的形式和用法。
1．名词所以格一般是词尾加′s构成，如the
boy′s
bag;
our
teacher′s
room等。
如果原词已经有复数词尾-s，则仅仅加一个（′）即可，如boys′ school等。词尾无s的复数名词则仍要加′s，如men′s
clothes等。
2．表示无生命东西的名词的所有格必须用表示，不可用词尾加（′s）或（′），而是用of 属格,如,the window of the
room等。但在表示时间、距离以及其他习惯用语中，则需用（′s）或（′）表示所有格，如ten minutes′
walk等。
3．
所有格的名词在下列情况下应省略：
（1）
被所有格修饰的名词是指店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时，如：
I went to my uncle′s (house) yesterday.
（2）
避免重复
This is not my bicycle, but Lao Lin′s.(省略bicycle)
4．双重所有格的形式和用法。
a(this, that…)＋名词＋of＋所有格名词
a friend of my father′s(=one of my father′s
friends)
名词专项练习题
1. ________ is spoken the most widely in the world.
A. Chinese
B. English
C. French
D. Russian
2. I am thirsty. Would you bring me_______, please?
A. some
bread
B.some tea
C.some cakes
D. some eggs
3. What’s wrong with my son’s ________? He can’t see things
clearly
A. eyes
B. ears
C. mouth
D. nose
4．The
Alps（阿尔卑斯山）
an area
of 200,000 square kilometers.
A. is
B. are
C. has
D.
have
5． A pair of glasses
what I need at the moment.
A. is
B. are
C.
has
D. have
6. we live in the Westen
.
A. Beijing’s outskirt
B. Beijing’s
outskirts
C. outskirt of Beijing
D. outskirts of
Beijing
7.Five pounds
as much as it used to.
A. don’t buy
B. doesn’t
buy
C. are buying
D. is buying
8.
plastics are made in this chemical works.
A.Many kind of
B. Many
kinds of
C. Many kinds
D.Many kind
9.“Lao wang has just moved into a new flat.” “Did he have to buy
for it?”
A.many new furniture(家具)
B. much new
furnitures
C. much new furniture
D.many new furnitures
10.
changed; whatever men can do, women can do too.
A.The time has
B.The times
C.Times have
D.Times
11.He has
on his
farm.
A.20 head of cattles
B.20 heads of cattles
C.20 heads of cattle
D.20 head of cattle
12.I wish I could give you
.
A.many advice
B. much advice
C.many advices
D.a lot of advices
13.If you go to the hills, you will see
there.
A.much fine scenery
B.few fine
sceneries
C.a few fine sceneries
D.many fine sceneries
14.The news of the losses suffered by our enemy
much worse than
expected.
A.was
B.were
C.are
D.has
15.He opened the letter and it contained
.
A.an important information
B.some important informations
C.many important informations
D.some important information
16.Our national football team
reorganized(重新组建)。
A.have been
B.are being
C.has been
D.is to
17.Remember
; thank your friend when you leave the party.
A.your manner
B.your
manners
C.his manner
D.his manners
18.The students hope that they won ’t have
to do today.
A.much homework
B.many
homeworks
C.a lot of homeworks
D.few homework
19.They say the police
always stopping people from doing what they
want to do.
A.is
B.are
C.has
D.have
20.Where is
China Daily?
A.today
B.today of
C.today’s
D.of today
21.The Lu Gou Bridge is described in Marco Polo’s “Travel” as
most beautiful bridge.
A.the world’s
B.world’s
C.the world
D.world
22.Have you ever had
in your country?
A.a women’s boxer
B.a woman’s boxer
C.a women boxer
D.a woman boxer
23.“How far is the new library from here?” “It’s about
away.”
A.ten minute walk
B.ten
minutes walk
C.ten minutes’ walk
D.ten-minute walk
24.They agreed to meet at
.
A.Peter and Helen
B.Peter and
Helen’s
C.Peter’s and Helen
D.Peter’s and Helen’s friend
25.There is
on television this evening.
A.a Beethoven (贝多芬)piano concerto(协奏曲)
B.a Beethoven’s piano concerto
C. Beethoven piano concerto
D. piano concerto of Beethoven
名词专项练习题参考答案
(1).B
(2).B
(3).B
(4).C
(5).A
(6).D
(7).B
(8).B
(9).C
(10).C
(11).C
(12).B
(13).A
(14).A
(15).D
(16).C
(17).B
(18).A
(19).B
(20).C
(21).A
(22).D
(23).C
(24).B
(25).A
