主谓一致(Subject- Verb Agreement)语法详细讲解
2011-06-13 17:00阅读：
主谓一致(Subject- Verb
Agreement)
语法详细讲解
主谓一致指”人称”和”数方面的一致关系.如:
He is going abroad.
They are playing football.
主谓一致可分为:
语法一致, 内容一致, 就近一致.
(一)
语法一致原则:
即主语为单数,谓语用单数,主语为复数,谓语也用复数. 但要注意:
1. 单数主语即使后面带有：
with , along with, together with,
like(象),
but (除了),except, besides, as well
as,
no less than, rather
than(而不是),
including, in addition to, as much
as,
The manager
, rather than the workers, is responsible for
the loss.
Nobody but three policemen was on the
spot.
2. 引导的短语, 谓语动词仍用单数. 如:
Air as well as water is matter.
空气和水都是物质.
比较：Air and water are
both matter.
No one except two students was late for the dinner.
除了两个学生外, 没有一个人迟来用餐
3. 用and连接的并列主语,如果主语是同一个人,同一事,同一概念, 谓语动词用单数,
否则用复数. 如:
The poet and writer has come.
那位诗人兼作家来了.(一个人)
A hammer and a saw are useful tools.
锤子和锯都是有用的工具. (两样物)
用and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体, 如:
iron and steel 钢铁
a needle and thread 针线
aim and end目的
going to bed early and getting up early
早睡早起
a watch and chain一块带链的表
a cart and horse 一辆马车
a coat and tie配有领带的上衣
bread and butter黄油面包
law and order治安
a knife and fork刀叉
bread and butter(黄油抹面包),
等作主语时, 谓语动词用单数.
4. 不定式(短语), 动名词(短语), 或从句作主语时, 谓语动词用单数.
如:
Serving the people is my great
happiness.为人民服务是我最大的幸福.
When we'll go out for an outing has been
decided.我们什么时候出去郊游已决定了.
5.在each...and each...; every...and every...; no...and
no...等结构之后,谓语动词用单数形式.
Every boy and every girl likes to go swimming.
每个男孩和每个女孩都喜欢去游泳.
No teacher and no student was absent from the
meeting. 没有老师也没有学生开会缺席.
Each man and (each) woman is asked to help.
每个男人和每个女人都被请去帮忙.
Each boy and each girl has an
apple.
Every hour and every minute is precious.
No bird and no beast is seen on the lonely
island.
6. each of + 复数代词,
谓语动词用单数.
但是复数代词+each, 谓语动词用复数.如:
Each of us has something to say.
我们每个人都有话要说
The suites each have their
own private entrances (not has its own private entrance ).
每个套间都有它们各自单独的入口。
Each student in our class has a
dictionary.我们班每位同学都有一本词典。
They each signed the paper.他们每个人都在文件上签了名。
They were given two
each.他们每人得到两个。
The teacher gave us a list of five books
each.老师给我们每个人列了一个五本书的(阅读)书目。
Each of them wants to try.他们每人都想试一试。=They each want to have a
try.
Each and every driver knows (not know ) what
his or her (not their ) job is to be. See Usage
Note at every ,he 1
每一位驾驶员都清楚（不是 know ) 她或他的工作.
7. 若主语中有more than one 或many a/an , 尽管从意义上看是复数,
但它的谓语动词仍用单数. 但more+复数名词+than one做主语时, 谓语动词仍用复数.
如:
Many a boy likes playing basketball.
许多男生都喜欢打篮球.
More than one student was
late.不只一个学生迟到
More persons than one come to help us.
不止一个人来帮助我们.
7. none 做主语时,谓语动词可用单数, 也可用复数;
但在代表不可数的东西时总是看作单数,因而谓语动词要用单数. 如:
None of us are (is) perfect.
人无完人.
None of this worries me.
这事一点不使我着急.
Almost none of the officials were (not was )
interviewed by the committee.
几乎所有的官员都未被委员会接见。
8. 只有复数形式的名词
1）一些形复意单的名词,包括有成双成套部分的衣物或工具名称,作主语时,谓语用复数如:
trousers, scissors, clothes, goods, glasses
等作主语时, 谓语动词必须用复数.
如:
His clothes are good.
His new trousers were under his
bed.
但这些名词前若出现 a pair of ,
谓语一般用单数.如:
A pair of glasses is on the desk.
桌上有一副眼镜.
My blue trousers have been worn
out.
His glasses are new.
The shoes are under the bed. 鞋在床下.
The pair of shoes is under the bed. 这双鞋在床下.
His trousers were made from
his fathers.
2）单,复数同形名词作主语时,按意义一致的原则,用作单数意义时,谓语用单数;用作复数意义时,谓语有复数.这类名词有:
sheep, deer, fish, means, works, species, Chinese,
Japanese等.
The (This) glass works was set up in 1986.
This species of rose is very rare.
9. 形复意单名词如:news ; 以ics 结尾的学科名称如: physics,
mathematics, economics; 国名如: the United States; 报纸名如: the New
Times; 书名如: Arabian Night <天方夜谈>; 以及The United
Nations<联合国> 等作主语时, 谓语动词用单数.
News is traveling fast
nowadays.
10. “a +名词+and a half “, “one and a half + 名词”, “the
number of + 名词” 等作主语时, 谓语动词要用单数. 如:
Only one and a half apples is left on the
table.
注意: one or two + 复数名词作主语, 谓语动词用复数形式,
如:
One or two places have been visited.
参观了一两个地点.
11. 意义一致
意义一致是说谓语动词的单,复数要取决于主语所表达的概念,而不取决于表面上的语法标记.
1.主语形式虽为单数,但意义为复数,谓语动词用复数.
The majority of primary school teachers are
women.
2.主语形式为复数,而意义上却是单数,谓语动词用单数.
No news is good news.
Billiards is becoming more and more popular in some
cities
12.一个名词为几个并列形容词所修饰时,这时主语和谓语动词的一致关系一般遵循语法一致的原则.
Clever and slow students are treated alike.
A black and white kitten was found in the garden yesterday.
比 较
A black and a white dogs are playing in the yard.
A black and white dog is playing in the yard.
13. 带有并列动词的what从句作主语时,要根据意义一致的原则决定动词的数.
What he says and does do not agree.
What he says and does does not concern me.
在某些成语中,一些并列主语用and相连时,其后谓语用单数.
All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.
Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and
wise.
14．用作国名,组织机构,书名,报刊名等复数形式的专有名词作为整体对待,谓语用单数.
The Times reports the news of the strike.
Great Expectations was written by Dickens in 1860.
如果山脉,群岛,瀑布等名称作主语时,谓语动词用复数.
The Great Lakes lie between the USA and
Canada.五大湖在美国和加拿大两国之间.
The Philippines are in the western Pacific Ocean southeast of
China. 菲律宾群岛在中国东南太平洋西部.
The Niagara Falls are the falls on the Niagara
River.尼亚加拉瀑布位于尼亚加拉河上.
(二) 内容一致原则:
1.主语中有all, half, most, the rest等,
以及”分数或百分数+名词”做主语时,谓语动词单复数取决于连用的名词.如:
The rest of the bikes are on sale today.
剩下的自行车, 今天出售.
60%of the apple was eaten by little boy.
这个苹果的60%都被这个小男孩吃了.
Most of the apples were rotten.
大部分的苹果都是烂的.
Most of the apple was eaten by a rat.
这个苹果的大部分被老鼠吃了.
2. 不定数量的词组, 如:part of , a lot of , lots of , one of ,
a number of , plenty of等作主语时,
谓语动词的单复数取决于量词后面名词的数.如:
A part of the textbooks have arrived.
一小部分教科书已运到.
A part of the apple has been eaten up by the pig.
这个苹果的一部分被猪吃光了.
3. 加减乘除用单数.如:
Fifteen minus five is ten .
15减去5等于10.
4. 表示时间, 金钱, 距离, 度量等的名词做主语时, 尽管是复数形式, 它们做为一个单一的概念时,
其谓语动词用单数.如:
Ten miles is a good distance.
十英里是一个相当的距离.
5. (1) 通常作复数的集体名词. 包括police , people, cattle 等,
这些集体名词通常用作复数.如:
The British police have only very limited
powers.
(2) 通常作不可数名词的集体名词. 包括equipment, furniture, clothing,
luggage 等.
(3) 可作单数也可作复数的集体名词. 包括 audience, committee,
government, family, enemy, group, party, team, public
等.如:
The committee has/have decided to dismiss him.
委员会决定解雇他.
6. the +形容词/过去分词形式”表示一类人或事物, 作主语时,
谓语动词用复数.如:
The injured were saved after the
fire.
(三) 就近原则
1. 由here, there, where 等引导的倒装句中,
(有时主语不止一个时)谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致.如:
Here comes the bus 公共汽车来了.
Here is a pen and some pieces of paper for you.
给你一支钢笔和几张纸
Where is your wife and children to stay while you are
away?你不在这儿的时候, 你爱人和孩子在哪儿呆呢?
2. 用连词or, either.... or, neither….nor, not only….but
also 等连接的并列主语, 谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致. 如:
Neither the students nor the teacher knows anything
about it 学生和老师都不知道这事.
He or you have taken my pen.
他或你拿了我的钢笔.
注意: one of +复数名词+who/that/which 引导的定语从句中,
定语从句的动词为复数.如:
Mary is one of those people who keep pets.
玛丽是饲养宠物者之一.
The only one of +复数名词+ who/that./which
引导的定语从句中,定语从句的动词应为单数.
Mary is the only one of those people who keeps pets.
玛丽是唯一一个饲养宠物的人.
3. 这类名词前有a, such a, this, that, every修饰时,谓语用单数;有all,
such, these, those修饰时,谓语用复数.
Every means has been tried out without much result.
All means have been tried out without much
result.
（四）主谓一致专题突破：
1. Every possible means _____to prevent the air
pollution, but the sky is still not clear．
A. is used
B. are used
C. has been used
D. have been
used
2. E-mail, as well as telephones, _____ an important
part in daily communication.
A. have played B. is playing
C. is
making D.
are making
3.The sick boy, as well as his parents, ________ to
the hospital.
A. sends
B. send
C. were sent
D. was sent
4. One and a half days
what I need.
A. was
B. were
C. is
D.
are
5. Every student as well as teachers who _________ to
visit the museum _________ asked to be at the school gate on
time.
A. is ; is
B. are ; are
C. is ; are
D. are ;
is
6. Three million tons of coal ______ every year in
the city.
A. is exploited B. are exploited
C. had exploited
D. have exploited
7. Stories of the Long March _______ popular with the
young people now.
A. is
B. was
C. are
D. were
8. Mathematics _______ the language of
science.
A. are
B. are going to be
C. is
D. is to
be
9. Both rice and wheat _____ grown in our
country.
A. is
B. are
C. was
D.
were
10. ________ either of your parents come to see you
recently?
A. Have B.
Had
C. Has
D. Is
11. What the children in the mountain village need
________ good books.
A. is
B. are
C. have
D.
has
12. The whole family _______ TV
attentively.
A. are watching B. is
watching C. is seeing
D. are
seeing
13. Nothing but several glasses ________ bought by my
father the day before yesterday.
A. was
B. were
C. have been D. would
be
14. At the bus stop ______ a soldier and two
young
people on their way to the
village.
A. were B.
was
C. is
D. sits
15. If law and order ______, neither the citizen nor
his family is safe.
A. are not preserved
B. is not preserved
C. were preserved
D. have not been
preserved
16. There ______ little change in that middle
school.
A. have
B. had
C. have been
D. has
been
17. What such a sunset is ______ strange to us
all.
A. going to be B. /
C. is
D.
that
18. Seventy-five percent of the earth’s surface
______ with water.
A. is covered B. is covering
C. were covered
D. are covered
19. The following ______ some other mental
diseases.
A. being
B. are
C. was
D. were
20. Not only you but also I ______ able to help him
out.
A. are
B. is
C.
am
D.
were
参考答案
1. C 2. B 3. D 4. C
5. D 6.A 7.A 8. C 9.B
10.C 11.B 12.A
13.A 14.A 15.B 16.D
17.C 18. A 19.B
20.C
