Has the Real Sherlock Holmes Been Deduced？
福尔摩斯原型揭秘
（选自《英语世界》2015年第7期）
新浪博客
Has the Real Sherlock Holmes Been Deduced？
福尔摩斯原型揭秘
（选自《英语世界》2015年第7期）
文/贾斯珀·科平
By
He enthralled Victorian England with his unrivalled skill at cracking cases, based on astute logical reasoning and grasp of forensic science, not to mention a mastery of disguises and encyclopedic knowledge of the criminal underclass.
他超群的破案能力令维多利亚时期的英国人着迷不已，他破案依据的是严密的逻辑推理和对法医学的谙熟，更别提他还精通乔装改扮，对下层社会罪犯了如指掌。
[2] But this detective was not Sherlock Holmes but a real life investigator, Jerome Caminada, who, new research suggests, helped inspire Sir Arthur Conan Doyle’s celebrated hero.
〔2〕但这位侦探不是夏洛克·福尔摩斯，而是一名真实的侦探杰尔姆·卡米纳达。新研究表明，正是卡米纳达启发阿瑟·柯南道尔爵士塑造了广为人知的大侦探福尔摩斯。
[3] A biography of Caminada reveals a series of striking similarities between him and the fictional character, in terms of their unorthodox methods and character. It also establishes strong echoes between the real detective’s cases and plot lines used by Doyle.
〔3〕卡米纳达的一本传记揭示出，在另类的破案方法和个性上，他和虚构的福尔摩斯之间有着一系列惊人的相似之处。传记还证实，卡米纳达所经手的案件和柯南道尔小说的情节线索很类似。
[4] The author, Angela Buckley, has even established that Caminada’s casework involved tackling an alluring and talented criminal, similar to Irene Adler[1], and that the detective even had a Moriarty[2]-like nemesis who plagued him over the course of several cases until a final, dramatic confrontation.
〔4〕传记作者安杰拉·巴克利甚至证实，卡米纳达处理的案件中涉及一名类似艾琳·阿德勒那样迷人的天才罪犯；卡米纳达也有一个像莫里亚蒂那样的强大对手——在两人戏剧性的最后交锋前，他曾在多起案件中给卡米纳达制造麻烦。
[1] 福尔摩斯系列小说《波西米亚丑闻》中的人物，是福尔摩斯最尊敬的女性之一。
[2] 福尔摩斯的主要对手，柯南道尔笔下的超级大反派。
[5] Mrs Buckley said: “Caminada became a national figure at just the time that Sherlock Holmes was being created. There are so many parallels that it is clear Doyle was using parts of this real character for his.”
〔5〕巴克利夫人说：“正是在柯南道尔塑造夏洛克·福尔摩斯的时候，卡米纳达成为了英国家喻户晓的人物。两人的相似之处比比皆是，柯南道尔显然借用了这个真实人物的一些特点。”
[6] The son of an Italian father and Irish mother, Caminada was based in Manchester, but was involved in cases which took him across the country, and he enjoyed a nationwide profile in the press, where accounts of his exploits were widely reported.
〔6〕卡米纳达的父亲来自意大利，母亲来自爱尔兰。他居住在曼彻斯特，但为处理案件而遍游英国。媒体广泛报道了其英勇行为，卡米纳达享誉全国。
[7] Most of his career was spent with Manchester City Police Force although he later operated, like Holmes, as a “consulting detective”.
〔7〕他职业生涯中的多数时间是在曼彻斯特市警察局度过的，但后来他也和福尔摩斯一样，当了一名“顾问侦探”。
[8] As the fictional character relied on an network of underworld contacts—the Baker Street Irregulars—so Caminada was kn