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关于美国家庭冬季供暖——两段学习材料

2021-02-06 17:00阅读：

http://blog.sina.cn/dpool/blog/u/1426674783

关于美国家庭冬季供暖——两段学习材料


通过使用英语关键词短语“Winter heating in American houses”，在网络上，搜索大尺寸图片找到以下两段内容。文中罗列的部分图片，为另外从网络上搜索补充添加。


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第1部分——


Types of Home Heating Systems（家用供暖系统的类型）


资料来源：


https://www.thespruce.com/types-of-home-heating-systems-1824772



Written by Bob Formisano Updated 06/30/20
（作者 鲍勃·福米萨诺 更新于2020年6月30日）


There are several types of systems used to provide heat in a home, and within each broad type there are many variations. Some heating systems share components with the home's cooling equipment, and some systems provide both heating and cooling. The term HVAC—heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning—is used to describe the overall climate control system in a home.
（在家里提供热量的系统有几种类型，每种类型都有许多不同。有些供暖系统与家庭的制冷设备共用部件，有些系统同时提供供暖和制冷。术语HVAC加热、通风和空调用于描述家庭中的整体气候控制系统。）

No matter what HVAC system is used, the purpose of all heating appliances is to tap the thermal energy from a fuel source and transfer it to living spaces to maintain a comfortable ambient temperature. Heating systems can use a variety of fuel sources, including natural gas, propane, fuel oil, biofuel (such as wood), and electricity. Some homes have more than one heating system, such as when an addition or finished basement is heated by a different system than the rest of the house.
（无论使用哪种暖通空调HVAC系统，所有加热设备的目的都是从燃料源吸收热能并将其传递到居住空间，以保持舒适的环境温度。加热系统可以使用多种燃料，包括天然气、丙烷、燃料油、生物燃料（例如，木材）和电力。一些房屋拥有多个供暖系统，例如，当增建或完工的地下室由不同于房屋其余部分的系统供暖时。）




（第一种供暖类型——）

Forced Air Heating/Cooling Systems（强制空气加热系统 / 强制空气冷却系统）

By far the most common HVAC system in modern North American homes is the forced-air system that uses a furnace with a blower fan that delivers warmed air to the various rooms of the home through a network of ducts. Forced air systems are very quick at adjusting the temperature of a room, and because air conditioning systems can share the same blower and ductwork, this is an efficient overall HVAC System.
（到目前为止，现代北美家庭中最常见的暖通空调HVAC系统是强制空气系统，该系统使用带有鼓风机的炉子，通过管道网络将温暖的空气输送到房屋的各个房间。强制通风系统可以非常迅速地调节房间的温度，并且由于空调系统可以共享同一台鼓风机和风管，因此这是一个高效的整体暖通空调HVAC系统。）

Fuel sources: The furnaces that power forced-air systems can be fueled by natural gas, liquid propane (LP), fuel oil, or electricity.
（燃料来源：可以使用天然气，液化丙烷（LP），燃料油或电为动力系统供能的熔炉。）

Distribution: Air that is warmed in by the furnace's burner or heating element air is distributed through a network of ducts to heating registers in individual rooms. Another system of ducts returns air back to the furnace through cold-air returns.
（分配：由炉子燃烧器或加热元件加热的空气通过管道网络分配到各个房间的加热调节器。另一个管道系统通过冷空气回流将空气返回炉中。）

Advantages:（优点：）

Forced air systems can be filtered to remove dust and allergens. However, they also can increase the amount of allergens that are airborne.
（可以过滤强制通风系统以去除灰尘和过敏原。但是，它们也会增加空气传播的过敏原数量。）

Humidifier (or dehumidifier) equipment can be integrated into the forced air system.
（加湿器（或除湿器）设备可以集成到强制空气系统中。）

Forced air furnaces are relatively inexpensive.
（强制风炉相对便宜。）

These furnaces can achieve the highest AFUE (Annual Fuel Utilization Efficiency) ratings of any heating system (but that does not necessarily mean this is the most efficient way to heat a home).
（这些熔炉可以达到任何供暖系统最高的AFUE（年度燃料利用率）等级（但这并不一定意味着这是供暖的最有效方式）。）

Forced air systems can combine cooling with heating capability.
（强制通风系统可以将制冷和加热功能结合在一起。）

Disadvantages:（缺点：）

Requires ductwork and takes up space in walls.
（需要风管工作并占用墙壁空间。）

Furnace fans can be noisy.
（炉子风扇可能很吵。）

Moving air can distribute allergens.
（移动的空气会散布过敏原。）

Moving air can become dry unless it is humidified.
（除非加湿，否则移动的空气会变干。）

Because forced air systems heat the air and not the objects in a room, it is not considered the most comfortable form of heating.
（因为强制通风系统是加热空气而不是房间中的物体，所以它不是最舒适的加热形式。）



关于美国家庭冬季供暖——两段学习材料

5种供暖类型图示：从左到右，分别是：强制空气供暖系统、蒸汽辐射供暖（散热器供暖）、辐射供暖（地暖）、热水踢脚板供暖、电热踢脚板供暖。



关于美国家庭冬季供暖——两段学习材料

Forced Air Heating/Cooling Systems（强制空气加热系统 / 强制空气冷却系统）示意图



关于美国家庭冬季供暖——两段学习材料

强制空气加热系统 / 强制空气冷却系统示意图



关于美国家庭冬季供暖——两段学习材料

强制空气加热系统 / 强制空气冷却系统示意图



关于美国家庭冬季供暖——两段学习材料
强制空气加热系统 / 强制空气冷却系统示意图




关于美国家庭冬季供暖——两段学习材料

强制空气加热系统 / 强制空气冷却系统示意图



（第二种供暖类型——）

Gravity Air Furnace Systems（重力空气炉系统）

A precursor to forced air systems, gravity air furnaces also distribute air through a system of metal ducts, but rather than forcing the air via a blower, gravity air systems operate by the simple physics of warm air rising and cool air sinking. A gravity air furnace in a basement heats air, which then rises into the va

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