定语从句中关系代词的省略和保留
2017-09-16 16:19阅读：
定语从句中关系代词省略与保留 一、 that在定语从句中作表语时的省略。
关系代词作be 的表语,且先行词是特指时,关系代词通常用that(不用who或which)或省略:
He doesn't seem to be the man (that) he was ten years ago.
他看起来已经不是十年前的样子了。
The modern aeroplane is not the machine (that) it was when first
invented. 现代飞机已不是最先发明时的那种样子了。
She was not the cheerful woman (that) she was before she
married.她已经不是结婚前的那个漂亮女人了。
She is all (that) a teacher should be.她具备一个老师应该具备的所有条件。
但如果先行词是泛指时,关系代词通常用which,且不省略: E
ven if John were a millionaire which he was not,he would not use a
farthing of his wealth to benefit the people.
即使约翰是个百万富翁,他也不会用他的一分钱去做有益于人民的事。而他并不是百万富翁。
He looked like a lawyer which he was.他像个律师,而他也的确是个律师。
二、 that在从句中作补语时。例如:
I'm not the fool(that) you thought me. 我不是你以前所认为的那个傻子了。
He is the nicest teacher (that) the students consider him in their
school. 他就是学生认为学校中最好的那个老师。
He is not the man (that) he used to be. She is all (that) a teach
er should be.
三、作状语时的省略。
1. 当先行词是reason,且在定语从句中作原因状语时,可以用关系副词why或关系代词that,也可以省略。例如:
The reason (why/that) he failed was his laziness. 他失败的原因是因为他懒惰。
That is the reason I did it. 那就是我做那件事的原因。
2. 当先行词是way,且在定语从句中作方式状语时,关联词可用in which或that,也可以省略。例如:
The way(in which/ that) these comrades look at problems is
wrong.这些同志看待问题的方式是错误的。
That was the way(in which / that) she worked the problem out.
她就是用那种办法解决问题的。
3. 当先行词是time时,关联词可用when, that或省略。例如:
The second time (that) I saw him was in 2000. 我第二次见到他是在2000年。
I don't know the exact time (when/ that) the sports meeting will
take place. 我不知道运动会举办的确切时间。
4.当先行词是place时,关联词可用where,that或省略。例如:
The place(where/ that) we will have our picnic is not decided yet.
我们举行野餐的地点还没定下来。
This is the right place he was born.这儿就是他的出生地。(注意:句末不可用介词in)
四．在there be 结构中出现定语从句，或在定语从句中出现there be 时，用作主语的关系代词也可省略。
There is a man downstairs (who) wants to see you. There's somebody
at the door (that) wants to see you.门口有人要见你。
This is the best dictionary (that) there is in the library
These are the only books (that) there are on this subject in
our library. 我们图书馆关于这个问题的书,全都在这里了。
This is the fastest train (that) there is to London. 这是到伦敦的最快的火车。
There was a Mr. Johnson (who) called to see you this morning .
有一个叫Johnson先生的今天早上打电话来说要见你。
关系代词的保留 在下列四种情况下,关系代词虽作宾语,却不能省略。
一、在介词+whom /which结构中, whom, which不能省略。例如:
Do you know any shops nearby in which I can buy
flowers?你知道附近有可以买到花的商店吗?
That is the headmaster with whom my father was talking just
now.刚才和我爸爸交谈的那个人是校长。
二、在非限制性定语从句中,作宾语的关系代词也不能省略。例如:
Mr Green, whom you know, is the tallest in our school.
格林先生是我们学校里最高的,你也认识他。
The elephant is like a spear, as anyone can see. 大象像长矛,任何人都知道。
三、在the same ... as, such ... as, as ... as, the same... that结构中,
as, that 即使作宾语,也不能省略。例如:
I have bought the same bike as you (have).
(指同类用as)我买了一辆和你的一样的自行车。
This is the same book that I read the day before yesterday.
这就是我前天读过的那本书。(关系代词that如要换成as, 则指与我读的书一样,而不是同一本。)
四、当and, but, or等连词连接两个或两个以上的定语从句修饰一个先行词时,关系代词第一个可省略,第二、第三个等不可省略。例如:
This is the book (which) I read yesterday and which I found very
interesting. 这就是我昨天读的那本书,它很有趣。
You have many people around you (whom) you always turn to
and whom you will never forget.你身边有很多人,你经常向他们求助,你永远不要忘记他们。
