scatter、disperse、dissipate、dispel、distract用法辨析
2019-08-02 14:46阅读：
这组动词可表示“分散”“驱散”的意思
scatter
普通用词，可指物向四处“分散”、“散开”；也可指外力将人或物“驱散”。scatter
的特点是侧重强调朝不同方向不规则地散开。
1）The shopping bag
broke and everything I had bought scattered over the
pavement.购物袋破了，我买的东西散落在人行道上。
2）The pupils
scatter in all direction to their respective homes after the school
is over.放学后，学生们向各方向散去各自回家。
3）She tore the rose
apart and scattered the petals over the
grave.她掰开玫瑰花，将花瓣撒在坟墓上。
4）When the tree
falls, the monkeys scatter树倒猢狲散。
5）The breeze
scattered the leaves all over the
garden.风把落叶吹得花园里遍地都是。
6
）A cold silvery mist had veiled the afternoon ,
and the moon was not yet scatter
it.这天下午起了一片银白色的寒雾，这会儿月亮还没有将雾霭拨开。
过去分词scattered还可表示“零零散散”、“散落”的意思。
1）The houses in the
village are scattered on the slope of the
hill.村里的房子零零散散座落在山坡上。
2）All sorts of
shells are scattered here and there on the
beach.沙滩上到处散落着各种各样的贝壳。
3）With the help of
a metal detector, they discovered that the wreckage lay scattered
over 2000-square-feet area, buried beneath sand and
seaweed.用金属探测器的帮助下，他们发现飞机残骸散落在2000平方英尺左右的区域，埋在沙子和海藻里。
disperse与
scatter一样指人或物等散开，多用于强调整体的离散。用于人时可表示有意识的离散。
1）The sun will
disperse the mist.日出很快就会使浓雾消散。
2）When dusts are at
levels where little air is in motion, they do not disperse for a
long time.灰尘在空气流动不大的地方很长时间不会散开。
3）All of a sudden a
thunderstorm came up and dispersed / scattered the picnickers in
the park.突如其来下了一场雷雨，把在公园里野餐的人驱散了。
4）Police fired
shots and used teargas to disperse the
demonstrators.警方鸣枪并使用催泪弹来驱散示威者。
5）Groups of
policemen were dispersed all along the street where the Queen was
to pass.警察沿着女王经过的街道散开。
dissipate
也可表示人和物的散开和驱散人和物，另一有特点的用法是指精力、物力或财力等的散去，含浪费挥霍之意。
1）When it started
to rain, the crowd quickly
dissipated.天开始下雨了，人群很快散开。
2）He tried to
dissipate the smoke by opening a
window.他打开窗子，试图使房中的烟消散。
3）Some form of
resonator may be used to dissipate energy in an oscillating feed
system.某些形式的谐振器可用来耗散供应系统内的振荡能量。
4）His humorous
remarks dissipated the tension in the meeting
room.他幽默的讲话驱散了会议室里的紧张气氛。
5）Despite his
repeated apologies, his anger did not seem to dissipate at
all.尽管他一再道歉，他的怒气似乎并没有消除。
6）All these trivial
matters dissipated much of our energy in the
work.所有这些小事耗费我们的工作中的大部分精力。
7）He quickly
dissipated the wealth he inherited from his
father.他很快把从父亲努力谁继继承财产挥霍贻尽。
dispel
指一物使另一物分散消失。从“驱散”引申出“消除”疑虑、恐惧、误会等。
1）The wind soon
dispelled the fog.风很快就把雾吹散了。
2）The rising sun
dispelled the darkness.初升的太阳驱散了黑暗。
3）How can we dispel
their doubts and fears?我们如何才能消除他们的怀疑和恐惧？
4）Truth and
frankness can dispel
misunderstanding.诚实和坦率能消除误会。
5）The company is
trying to dispel rumor about a
take-over.公司力图澄清有关接管的流言。
6）The sort of new
energy drink helps dispel fatigue and restore physical
strength.这种新能量饮料能帮助驱除疲劳，恢复体力。
distract
指注意力或精力分散，使分心，常与介词from 连用。
1）When the desk was
placed facing the window, he found himself distracted from his work
by the activities in the
street.当将写字台放到面对窗外后，他发现自己受到街上活动干扰不再能注意力集中于工作。
2）Although I tried
to concentrate on my homework I was distracted by the noise from
the next
door.尽管尽力集中精力做作业，但是隔壁的噪声使我注意力集中不起来。
3）His thoughts were
distracted from his painful experience by the sudden arrival of one
of his neighbors邻居的突然来访使他从回忆痛苦的经历中回过神来。
4）Tom admits that
playing video games sometimes distracts him from his
homework.汤姆承认玩电子游戏有时会使他无心做作业。
5）Don't let too
many social activities distract you from your study
不要让太多的社会活动分散你的学习的精力。
