辛特拉文化景观—葡萄牙(7)—世界文化和自然遗产(865)图文介绍(805)
2020-03-04 11:45阅读：
辛特拉文化景观
新浪博客
（点击进入葡萄牙的世界文化和自然遗产名录）
入选时间：1995年
地理位置：N38 47 00 W09 25 00
遗产编号：723
遗产类型：文化遗产
遴选依据：
标准（ii）：在19世纪，辛特拉成为第一个欧洲浪漫主义建筑的中心，这种崭新的特色在哥特式、埃及式、摩尔式和文艺复兴式建筑元素的使用、公园的建造过程中，以及混种当地和外来树种等方面得到了充分展示。费迪南二世（Ferdinand II，1836-1885）以地中海地区独一无二的精彩方式展现了浪漫主义色彩。
标准（iv）：建于辛特拉山脉北坡的景观是欧洲浪漫主义的独特例证，景观作为一个完美的整体代表了多种文化的交融以及动植物各物种间的和谐相处。随着时间的流逝，浪漫的气氛不断增强，维多利亚时代的回忆以及充满异国情调的典故富仍然富有吸引力，并且可以在景观中一眼识别。别墅、庄园的花园以及公园覆盖了遗产的大部分区域，它们与定义清晰的景观相对应，这些景观都是人们通过景观设计有意设计并创造出来的。
标准（v）：文化景观的当地植被和异国植被（例如墨西哥柏树，澳大利亚相思树、桉树以及松树）覆盖了山顶和山坡上成堆的花岗岩岩石，也覆盖了考古遗迹、宫殿和公园、辛特拉的历史中心以及周围沿着山脉的同一直线建造的其他精美住宅，形成了连续不断而又生机演化的景观，这一景观经过艰苦的修复和保护工程而得以延续。公园和花园的这种独特的结合将景观变成了一个丰富多彩的世界，甚至小径上的每一个转折都会带来惊喜，将游客从带入一个又一个新的发现。辛特拉文化景观影响了整个欧洲景观建筑的发展。
Criterion (ii): In the 19th century, Sintra became the first centre of European Romantic architecture where this new sensitivity was displayed in the use of Gothic, Egyptian, Moorish and Renaissance elements and in the creation of parks, blending local and exotic species of trees. Ferdinand II (1836-1885) thereby developed romanticism in a splendid form that was unique in the Mediterranean region.
Criterion (iv): The landscape is a unique example of European Romanticism with the cultural occupation of the northern slope of the Serra that has maintained its essential integrity as the representation of diverse successive cultures, as well as the associated flora and fauna. The romantic atmosphere, strengthened over time, and the reminders of the Victorian period as well as the exotic allusions are still potent and can be easily recognized throughout the landscape. The villas and quintas with their gardens and parks that cover the major area of the property correspond to a clearly defined landscape designed and created intentionally by people through landscape design.
Criterion (v): The cultural landscape, with its local and exotic vegetation - such as Mexican cypress, Australian acacias and eucalyptus, and pine trees -, its crests and piles of granite rocks covering the archaeological remains, palaces and parks, as well as the historic centre of Sintra and other fine dwellings, built along the same lines in the surrounding Serra, forms a continuing and organically evolved landscape, which has been sustained by painstaking restoration and preservation projects. This unique combination of parks and gardens turned the landscape into an abundant world, which offers surprises at every turn in the paths, leading the visitor from a discovery to another, and influenced the development of landscape architecture throughout Europe.
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