精馏基础知识（中英文对照）——Introduction 介绍
2010-09-28 15:31阅读：
这次接的是多晶硅项目，负责精馏区口译，所以搜集了一些相关资料，利用空闲时间翻译过来，就当练笔了。不过进度可能会很慢，因为不能在电脑前久坐
英文原文作者及信息：Ming T.
Tham，目前就职于英国纽卡斯尔大学化学工程和先进材料系（位于泰恩河上纽卡斯尔市）
The author of the English version of the following article
is Ming T. Than, currently with the School of Chemical Engineering
and Advanced Materials，Newcastle University，Newcastle upon Tyne,
UK.
Introduction
介绍
Distillation is based on the fact that
the vapour of a boiling m
ixture will be richer in the components that have lower boiling
points. 精馏的依据：某沸腾混合物的蒸汽中低沸点组分的组成较高。
Therefore, when this vapour is cooled and condensed, the
condensate will contain more volatile components. At the same time,
the original mixture will contain more of the less volatile
material.
因此，当该蒸汽被冷凝时，冷凝液中含有较多易挥发组分。同时，初始混合物中含有较多不易挥发组分。
Distillation columns are designed to achieve this separation
efficiently. 精馏塔的目的即有效实现上述分离。
Although many people have a fair idea what “distillation”
means, the important aspects that seem to be missed from the
manufacturing point of view are that:
虽然很多人都能很好地理解“精馏”的含义，但是从生产角度，以下几方面仍值得关注：
---distillation is the most common separation technique
精馏是最普遍的分离工艺
---it consumes enormous amounts of energy, both in terms of
cooling and heating requirements 精馏冷却和加热均需消耗大量能源
---it can contribute to more than 50% of plant operating
costs 精馏成本可超过工厂运营成本的50%
The best way to reduce operating costs of existing units, is
to improve their efficiency and operation via process optimisation
and control. To achieve this improvement, a thorough understanding
of distillation principles and how distillation systems are
designed is essential.
减少现有设备运营成本的最佳方式是通过工艺优化和控制改进设备效率和操作。为了实现上述改进，必须透彻理解精馏原理和精馏系统是如何设计的。
The purpose of this set of notes is to expose you to the
terminology used in distillation practice and to give a very basic
introduction to:
本套笔记的目的是对精馏实践中使用的术语和以下几方面进行抛砖引玉：
---types of columns 精馏塔种类
---basic distillation equipment and operation
基础精馏设备和操作
---column internals 精馏塔内件
---reboilers 再沸器
---distillation principles 精馏原理
---vapour liquid equilibria 汽液平衡
---distillation column design and 精馏塔设计，以及
---the factors that affect distillation column operation
影响精馏塔操作的因素
