Types of Columns 精馏塔种类 —— 精馏基础知识中英文对照
2010-09-28 16:05阅读：
英文原文作者及信息：Ming T.
Tham，目前就职于英国纽卡斯尔大学化学工程和先进材料系（位于泰恩河上纽卡斯尔市）
The author of the English version of the following
article is Ming T. Than, currently with the School of Chemical
Engineering and Advanced Materials，Newcastle University，Newcastle
upon Tyne, UK.
TYPES OF DISTILLATION
COLUMNS 精馏塔种类
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| There are many
types of distillation columns, each designed to |
perform specific types of separations, and each design differs in
terms of complexity.
精馏塔有很多种，每种塔均设计用于进行特定种类的分离，每种设计的复杂程度均存在差异。
Batch and
Continuous Columns
间歇和连续精馏塔
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One way of
classifying distillation column type is to look at how they are
operated. Thus we
have:精馏塔分类的方法之一是看精馏塔的操作方式。据此可分为：
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batch
and
间歇精馏塔，和
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continuous columns. 连续精馏塔。
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Batch
Columns 间歇精馏塔
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In batch
operation, the feed to the column is introduced batch-wise. That
is, the column is charged with a 'batch' and then the distillation
process is carried out. When the desired task is achieved, a next
batch of feed is introduced.
在间歇操作中，精馏塔进料是间歇进行的，即，先向塔内填充一批料，然后开始精馏过程。当目标任务完成后，再进下一批物料。
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Continuous Columns
连续精馏塔
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In contrast,
continuous columns process a continuous feed stream. No
interruptions occur unless there is a problem with the column or
surrounding process units. They are capable of handling high
throughputs and are the most common of the two types. We shall
concentrate only on this class of columns.
相反，连续精馏塔处理连续进料。除非精馏塔或周围的生产装置出现问题，否则不会出现间断。连续精馏塔能够处理大流量进料，是两种精馏塔中最常用的一种。我们将注意力集中在这种精馏塔上。
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Types of
Continuous Columns
连续精馏塔种类
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Continuous
columns can be further classified according to:
根据以下标准，连续精馏塔可以进一步分为：
the nature of the feed that
they are processing, 根据处理的进料性质：
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binary
column - feed contains only two
components 二元精馏塔——进料只包含两种组分
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multi-component column - feed contains more than two components
多组分精馏塔——进料包含两种以上组分
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the number
of product streams they have
根据馏出物的数量：
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multi-product column - column has more than two product streams
多馏出物精馏塔——精馏塔有两种以上馏出物
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where the
extra feed exits when it is used to help with the
separation,
根据用于帮助分离的补充进料的排出位置：
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extractive distillation - where the extra feed appears in the bottom
product stream 萃取精馏——补充进料出现在塔釜馏出物中
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azeotropic distillation - where the extra feed appears at the top
product stream 恒沸精馏——补充进料出现在塔顶馏出物中
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the type of
column internals
根据精馏塔内件的种类：
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tray
column – where trays of various
designs are used to hold up the liquid to provide better contact
between vapour and liquid, hence better separation
塔板塔——采用不同设计的塔板拦截液体物料，以增加汽体和液体物料之间的接触，达到更佳分离效果
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packed column
- where instead of trays, 'packings' are used to enhance contact
between vapour and liquid
填料塔——采用“填料”，而不是塔板，增加汽液接触
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