初三中考语法---形容词、副词的用法
2012-02-14 13:25阅读：
什么叫形容词?
用以修饰名词，表示事物的特征的词。
e.g. long, empty, cheap, hungry, etc.
在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语等分．
作定语
e.g. He is a good student.
I have something
important to tell you.
当形容词修饰由some-, any-, no-, every-构成的不定代词时,
形容词要放在这些不定代词的之后。(定语后置)
e.g. Is there anything interesting in today’s newspaper ?
作表语
The trees turn green in spring.
We are alone on the island.
只能作表语，不能作定语的形容词你能说出几个？
alone afraid
awake asleep alive
able
作宾语补足语
形容词和宾语一起构成复合宾语．
e.g.
We must keep the classroom clean.
He made us happy.
Colour it green.
你记住这些词的用法了吗！
1. be + adj.
2. feel / sound / look / smell / taste +
adj.
3. become / get / turn…
+ adj.
3. keep sb. / sth. adj.
4. make sb. / sth. adj.
5. fall / be asleep
6. go wrong
形容词原级的常用句型
主语+ 谓语+ as+形容词原级+as
There are as many students in our school as yours.
否定not as+形容词原级+as “和······不一样” 或 not so+形容词原级+as
“不及／不如······”
Tom is not as tall as Mike.
主语+ 谓语+ … so+ 形容词原级+that从句
主语+ 谓语… such+名词+that从句
He is so big that he can’t enter the room by the door
主语+谓语+ … too+形容词原级+ to do sth.
He is too young to join the army.
主语+谓语…+ 形容词原级+ enough to do sth.
This truck is big enough to carry 5 tons.
形容词比较级的常用句型
1. 比较级+than…
Our school is larger than theirs.
2. 表示两者之间的选择，可使用“Which is+ 比较级，A or B?”
Which is longer, this one or that?
3. 表示不及另一方时，使用“less+原级+than…”
This park is less beautiful than that one.
4.“The+比较级+句子，the+比较级+句子” 越--- ， 越---.
The smaller the house is, the less it will cost us the heat.
5.“比较级+and+比较级 越来越---”
In spring, the days are getting longer and longer.
6.修饰比较级的常见副词：much、a little、 even、 a bit、 far、 still、 a lot…
He is much taller than me.
7.可修饰比较级的词有：a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a
lot, lots, any, still, even等，还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。以上词(除by
far)外，必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面。能修饰最高级的有：the very, much the, far等。
典型例题:
1） ---- Are you feeling ____? ---- Yes，I'm fine now.
A. any well B. any better C. quite good D. quite better
答案：B. any 可修饰比较级，quite修饰原级，well的比较级为better.
2）The experiment was____ easier than we had expected.
A. more B. much more C. much D. more much
答案：C. much可修饰比较级，因此B，C都说得通，但easier本身已是比较级，不需
more，因此C为正确答案。
3）If there were no examinations, we should have ___ at
school.
A. the happiest time B. a more happier
time
C. much happiest time D. a much happier time
答案：D。
几个特殊形容词many, old 和 far的用法。
A.如果后接名词时， much more +不可数名词,many more +可数名词复数
B. old 有两种比较级和最高级形式: older/oldest 和elder/eldest。 Elder, eldest
只用于兄弟姐妹的长幼关系。
如：My elder brother is an engineer.
Mary is the eldest of the three sisters.
C. far 有两种比较级，farther， further. 在英语中两者都可指距离。在美语中，father
表示距离，further表示进一步。如：I have nothing further to say.
形容词最高级的常用句型
1. 主语+谓语…one of the+最高级+名词复数+介词短语
Lu Xun is one of the greatest writers last century.
2. of (in)… … +最高级
Of all the movie stars, I think Zhang Ziyi is the best.
3. This is/ was the最高级+名词+that/who定语从句
This is the worst film that I have seen these years.
形容词的顺序：
当两个以上形容词修饰一个名词，形容词该如何排列?为什么不能说a black new pen，而是说成a new black
pen?这里面有无规则可循?
如果你记住Opshacom这个为帮助记忆而杜撰的词，就能掌握英语中形容词排列的顺序。
Opshacom中op代表opinion，指表示人们观点的形容词，如beautiful，horrible，lovely，nice等；
sh代表shape，指表示形状的形容词，如long，short，round, narrow等；
a代表age，指表示年龄、时代的形容词，如old，new，young等；
c代表colour，指表示颜色的形容词，如red, black, orange等；
o代表origin，指表示国籍、地区的形容词，如British，Canadian，German等；
m代表material，指表示材料的形容词，如plastic，metal，aluminium等。
英语中这六类形容词连用时就按上述先后顺序排列， 如a nice long new black British plastic pen
当然，实际语言使用中不可能出现这么多形容词连 用的情况。
什么叫副词?
用来修饰动词、形容词、其它副词、全句或名词词组及句子的词。
e.g. very, early, out, soon, quickly, etc.
形容词变为副词的基本规则:
1. 一般情况下由形容词直接加- ly 构成副词,比如: slow- slowly
sad- sadly
2. 以辅音加上发/ i / 音的y结尾的词, 把y变为 i 再加-ly, 比如:
easy- easily
busy- busily happy- happily
angry- angrily
3. 有些词同时既是形容词又是副词,比如: fast high
hard
4. good ------ well terrible-----
terribly
a good idea speak English
well
5. 有些词虽然是以- ly 结尾但不是副词而是形容词,比如:
friendly 友好的 lovely
可爱的
brotherly 兄弟般的
deadly 致命的
6.以e结尾的,大部分直接加-ly,
wide –widely
7.有几个特殊的要去e后再加-ly或y,
true -- truly, terrible – terribly
Excercises:
1. It’s foggy. I can not see the man_____ . (clear
clearly)
2. He is a ______ boy. Now he is laughing _____ .(happy
happily)
3. They are _____ . The people are working _____ . (busy
busily)
4. His mother got very ______ . She talked to her _____.(angry
angrily)
5. The children are _____ . They are reading ____ . (quietly
quiet)
6. They are speaking ____ . They are speaking in a ___voice.
(loud loudly)
7. The girl is _____ . She is crying ______ . (sadly
sad)
8.--- Choose your friend ______. --- Don’t worry. I’m a
______ girl. (careful carefully)
9. --- Your voice is too _____. --- I can not hear you
_____. (clearly low)
副词的用法
1.主要用作状语,修饰动词、形容词、副词，还可以修饰介词短语和句子。
I have already prepared my
lesson.(修饰动词)
He has been
extremely busy these days.(修饰形容词)
2.也可以用作表语或定语,作定语时通常后置.
The girl there
is my sister.(作定语)
Is your brother
in ?(作表语)
3.有些副词(rather、quite等)通常可以防在名词前用于加强语气.
1）副词的位置
（1） 在动词之前。
（2） 在be动词、助动词之后。
（3）有多个助动词时，副词一般放在第一个助动词后。
注意：
a. 大多数方式副词位于句尾，但宾语过长，副词可以提前，以使句子平衡。
如： We could see very clearly a strange light ahead
of us.
b. 方式副词 well，badly，hard等只放在句尾。如：He speaks English well.
2）副词的排列顺序：
（1） 时间，地点副词，小单位的在前，大单位在后。
（2） 方式副词，短的在前，长的在后，并用and或but等连词连接。
Please write slowly and carefully.
（3） 多个不同副词排列：程度+地点+方式+时间副词。
注意：副词very 可以修饰形容词，但不能修饰动词。
改错：(错) I very like English.
(对) I like English very much.
注意：副词enough要放在形容词的后面，形容词enough放在名词前后都可。如：
I don‘t know him well enough.
There is enough food for everyone to eat.
There is food enough for everyone to eat.
3) 副词在句中可作状语,表语和定语。
He studies very hard. （作状语）
Life here is full of joy. （作定语）
When will you be back? （作表语）
副词按其用途和含义可分为下面五类：
（1）时间副词
时间副词通常用来表示动作的时间。
常见的时间副词有：now today, tomorrow, yesterday, before, late, early,
never, seldom, sometimes, often, usually, always等。
例如：
He often comes to school late.
What are we going to do tomorrow?
He is never been to Beijing.
（2）地点副词
地点副词通常用来表示动作发生的地点。
常见的地点副词有：here, there, inside, outside, home, upstairs, downstairs,
anywhere, everywhere, nowhere, somewhere, down, up, off, on, in,
out等。
例如：
I met an old friend of mine on my way home.
He went upstairs.
Put down your name here.
（3）方式副词
方式副词一般都是回答“怎样的？”这类问题的，其中绝大部分都是由一个形容词加词尾-ly构成的, 有少数方式副词不带词尾-ly,
它们与形容词同形。
常见的方式副词有： badly, bravely, carefully, proudly, suddenly,
successfully, angrily, happily, slowly, warmly, well, fast, slow,
quick, hard, alone, high, straight, wide等。
例如：
The old man walked home slowly.
Please listen to the teacher carefully.
The birds are flying high.
He runs very fast.
（4)程度副词
程度副词多数用来修饰形容词和副词，有少数用来修饰动词或介词短语。
常见的程度副词有：much, (a) little, a bit, very, so, too, enough, quite,
rather, greatly, completely, nearly, almost, deeply, hardly,
partly等。
例如：
Her pronunciation is very good.
She sings quite well.
I can hardly agree with you.
（5）疑问副词
疑问副词是用来引导特殊疑问句的副词。
常见的疑问副词有：how, when, where, why等。
例如：
How are you getting along with your studies?
Where were you yesterday?
Why did you do that?
4)部分常用副词的用法
(1) very, much
这两个副词都可表示“很”，但用法不同。very用来修饰形容词和副词的原级，而much用来修饰形容词和副词的比较级。
例如：
She is a very nice girl.
I’m feeling much better now.
much可以修饰动词，而very则不能。
例如：
I don’t like the idea much.
They did not talk much.
(2) too, either
这两个副词都表示“也”，但too用于肯定句，either用于否定句。
例如：
She can dance, and I can dance, too.
I haven’t read the book and my brother hasn’t either.
3) already, yet
already一般用于语肯定句，yet一般用于否定句。
例如：
He has already left. Have you heard from him yet?
He hasn’t answered yet.
4) so, neither （nor)
so和neither都可用于倒装句， 但so表示肯定，neither(nor)表示否定。
例如：
My brother likes football and so do I.
My brother doesn’t like dancing and neither do I.
副词的比较级和最高级的构成和形容词的比较级和最高级的构成基本相同。
形容记的最高级前要用定冠词the, 副词的最高级前可用可不用定冠词the.
Mount Qomolangma is the highest in the world.
Jim jumped (the) highest of the all.
选择题
1. The bread is ____ than these cakes
A. very delicious
B. much delicious
