高考英语“七选五阅读”答题技巧与专题训练
2017-03-21 11:31阅读：
高考英语“七选五阅读”答题技巧与专题训练
【考点归纳】
“七选五”型阅读理解题，试题模式为：给出一篇缺少五个句子的文章，对应有七个选项，要求同学们根据文章结构、内容，选出正确的句子，填入相应的空白处。《考试说明》对该题型命题目的的表述为“主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。”
此题型文章中有5处空白，在阅读过程中，如果不明白文章的主旨和段落主题、作者的写作意图，就很难顺畅地读下去、读明白，自然就很难选出正确答案。而一个空填错势必又影响到对另外一个空的选择。另外，此题有5个空白处，却提供7个选项，因此有2个选项是多余的干扰选项，从而又加大了选出正确答案的难度。
该题型要求同学们从整体上把握文章的逻辑结构和内容上的联系，理解句子之间、段落之间的关系，对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征有较
强的意识和熟练的把握。
“七选五阅读”常见设题类型
一）词汇复现型
“词汇复现”是指属于同一词汇搭配范畴或者某一领域的词汇在文章前后复现，根据复现的词汇进行选择是一个重要的参考点，能帮助考生尽快缩小范围。一般来说，上下文中词汇的范畴越小，上下文的衔接关系越紧密。
【2015·全国卷Ⅰ】
39.________ If you've been betrayed,
you are the victim of your circumstance. But there's a difference
between being a victim and living with a “victim
mentality”. At some point in all of our lives, we'll have
our trust tested or violated.
· You didn't lose “everything”. Once trust is
lost, what is left? Instead of looking at the situation from this
hopeless angle, look at everything you still have and be thankful
for all of the good in your life. 40.________ Instead, it's a
healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for
positive growth and
forgiveness.
C．Stop regarding
yourself as the victim.
G．Seeing the
positive side of things doesn't mean you're
ignoring what happened.
【解析】
39．C 根据后句“If you've
been betrayed, you are the victim of
your circumstance.”可知此段主要讲述不要一直认为自己是受害者。Victim一词是复现的关键词。故选C。
40. G。根据前一句Instead of
looking at the situation from this hopeless angle, look at
everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in
your life.和后一句Instead, it's a healthy way to
work through the experience to allow room for
positive growth and
forgiveness. Positive一词是复现的关键词。故选G。
【答题技巧】
1）从意思上判断
在做题时最重要的是要读懂空白前后的句子，明白这几句话的确切意思，然后根据意思的连贯性或逻辑性从选项中选取正确答案。在读懂意思的基础上，再利用线索特征词等进一步确认答案。
2）从词汇上锁定线索
做题时很重要的一点是保持对一些线索词的敏感，最主要的线索特征词是空白前后的名词和动词，寻找答案时注意在选项中查找同义词、近义词、反义词或表示同一类事物的词语等。其次是代词、数词、表示时间/年代的词、地点/名称等专有名词等。尤其是在读不懂句子的情况下，利用这样的线索词寻找答案是很有效的方法。
3）从关联词上查找
由于英语的句段之间经常会运用关联词表示衔接和过渡，使文章逻辑更清楚和连贯，因此文章中和选项中表示各种逻辑关系的路标性信号词在选择答案时都是很重要的线索。 在做题时可将这三个层面的线索很好地结合起来。例如，在看到表示并列或递进关系的关联词时，一般表示前后句子的名词或句意具有同指性；而表示转折让步关系的词则往往表示前后句子的名词同指，但句意对立，或褒贬对立或肯否对立；而表示例证关系的词则意味着在举例之前或之后有表述概念或某一观点的句子，往往会有复数名词出现。上一段材料中第40题后面的Instead一词就是很重要的一个关联词。
【基础达标】
【2016·全国卷Ⅲ】
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Everyone knows that fish is good for health.
__16__ But it seems that many people don't cook fish
at home. Americans eat only about fifteen pounds of fish per person
per year, but we eat twice as much fish in restaurants as at home.
Buying, storing, and cooking fish isn't difficult.
__17__ This text is about how to buy and cook fish in
an easy way.
__18__ Fresh fish should smell
sweet: you should feel that you're standing at the ocean's edge.
Any fishy or strong smell means the fish isn't fresh.
__19__ When you have bought a fish and arrive home,
you'd better store the fish in the refrigerator if you don't cook
it immediately, but fresh fish should be stored in your fridge for
only a day or two. Frozen fish isn't as tasty as the fresh
one.
There are many common methods used to cook
fish. __20__ First, clean it and season it
with your choice of spices (调料). Put the whole fish on a plate and steam it in a steam
pot for 8 to 10 minutes if it weighs about one pound. (A larger one
will take more time.) Then, it's ready to
serve.
A. Do not buy it.
B. The easiest is to steam it.
C. This is how you can do it.
D. It just requires a little
knowledge.
E．The fish will go bad within hours.
F．When buying fish, you should first smell
it.
G．The fats in fish are thought to help prevent heart
disease.
【解析】
16.G。由上一句的Everyone knows that fish is good
for health.可知下一句很自然会谈到The fats in fish are
thought to help prevent heart disease.
17. D 上文提及“买鱼、贮存鱼和烹饪鱼不难”，下一句说“本文就是有关如何购买鱼，并用简易的方法烹饪鱼的”，所以空格处应该是说“买鱼、储存鱼和烹饪鱼要求具备一些相关的知识”。故选D项。
18. F 由空格后的句子说“新鲜的鱼闻起来应该味道鲜美”可知上一句应该是说“你买鱼的时候应该首先闻一闻”。故选F项。
19. A 由上一句说“任何鱼腥味或者难闻的腥臭味都意味着鱼不新鲜了”可知下一句应该是说 “不要买这样的鱼”。故选A项。
20. B 空格前的句子说“烹饪鱼有多种常见的方法”，后面介绍蒸鱼的步骤，由此可知空格处的句子应该是关于蒸鱼的。故选B项。
【能力提升】
【2016·全国新课标II】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
A garden that’s just right for
you
Have you ever visited a garden that seemed
just right for you, where the atmosphere of the garden appeared to
total more than the sum(总和) of its parts? 16 . But it
doesn’t happen by accident. It starts with looking inside yourself
and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and
how you approach the gardening process.
●___17
Some people may think that a garden is no
more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color. Others are
concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and
fewer fertilizers(肥料). 18 . However, there are a
number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden.
One of them comes from our earliest years.
●Recall(回忆)your childhood memories
Our model of what a
garden should be often goes back to childhood. Grandma’s rose
garden and Dad’s vegetable garden might be good or bad, but that’s
not what’s important. 19 --how being in those
gardens made us feel. If you’d like to build a powerful bond with
your garden, start by taking some time to recall the gardens of
your youth. 20 then go outside and work out a
plan to translate your childhood memories into your grown-up
garden. Have fun.
A. Know why you garden
B. Find a good place for your own
garden
C. It’s our experience of the garden that
matters
D. It’s delightful to see so many beautiful
flowers
E. Still others may simply enjoy being
outdoors and close to plants
F. You can produce that kind of magical
quality in your own garden, too
G. For each of those gardens, write
down the strongest memory you have
【答案】16. F
17. A 18. E 19. C
20. G
【解析】
16.F。文章第一句以问题的形式引出主题，很自然地会过渡到F选项，“你也可以在自己的花园里...”
17.A 根据本段前两句“Some people may think that
a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of
color. Others are concerned about using gardening methods that
require less water and fewer fertilizers(肥料).”可知不同人对花园有不同的看法，再倒数第二句“然而，有很多能够解释你为什么想做园艺的原因”可知我们首先要搞清楚为什么要做园艺。故A项正确。
18.E 本段前两句提出有些人认为花园只是一些花花草草，有些人关心少用水少用废料。本句仍然在说明人们对园艺的不同看法。故E项“还有其他人只是喜欢在户外接触植物”与上下文一致，也是人们对于园艺的观点。
19.C 根据前句“......那些都不重要”可知划线句强调的是在园艺中对我们来说真正重要的是什么。故C项“重要的是我们搞园艺的经历”符合上下文串联。
20.G 本部分介绍如果我们自己建一个花园，要回忆一下年轻的时候所看到的那些花园，并把这些花园的优点写下来，然后制定计划并把自己的计划变成美丽的花园。故G项与上下文一致。
【技巧点拨】
七选五阅读中最常见的设空在段首的方法，通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的特征词，推断出主题句。17.题我们根据倒数第二句“However,
there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want
to garden.”可知我们首先要知道为什么要搞园艺。故A项为本段主题句。
当七选五阅读设空在句首时，还可能存在以下两种情况：
1. 属于段落间的过渡句。这时要前瞻后望找启示，即阅读上一段结尾部分，通常正确答案与上一段结尾有机地衔接起来，并结合下一段内容，看所选的答案是否将两段内容连贯起来。
2. 与后文是并列、转折、因果关系等。着重阅读后文第一两句，锁定线索信号词，然后在选项中查找相关特征词。通常正确答案的最后一句与空白后的第一句在意思上是紧密衔接的，因此这两句间会有某种的衔接手段，尤其当选项是几句话时。比如，如果选项中出现时间年代时，往往要注意与原文中年代的前后对应关系。
【终极闯关】
【2016·全国新课标I】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
Secret codes (密码)keep messages private. Banks,
companies, and government agencies use secret codes in doing
business, especially when information is sent by
computer.
People have used
secret codes for thousands of years. 36 Code breaking
never lags(落后) far behind
code making. The science of creating and reading coded messages is
called cryptography.
There are three main
types of cryptography. 37 For example, the first
letters of “My elephant eats too many eels” Spell out the hidden
message “Meet me.”
38 You might represent each
letter with a number, For example, Let’s number the letters of the
alphabet, in order, from 1 to 26. If we substitute a number for
each letter, the message “Meet me” would read “13 5 20 13
5.”
A code uses symbols to
replace words, phrases, or sentences. To read the message of a real
code, you must have a code book. 39 For example “bridge“
might stand for “meet” and “out” might stand for “me.” The message
“bridge out” would actually mean “Meet me.” 40
However, it is also hard to keep a code book secret for
long. So codes must be changed frequently.
A. It is very hard
to break a code without
the code book.
B. In any language, some
letters are used more than
others.
C. Only people who know
the keyword can read the
message.
D. As long as there
have been codes, people have
tried to break them.
E. You can hide a
message by having the first
letters of each word spell
it out.
F. With a code book,
you might write down words
that would stand for other
words.
G.Another way to hide
a message is to use
symbols to stand for specific
letters of the alphabet.
【答案】
36.-40 D E G.F A
【解析】
36.D。考查上下文的判断和理解能力。由后一句内容可知该句和code breaking
有关。
37.E考查对上下文的理解和判断能力。后面举的例子是来证明人们设置密码时往往会利用一些单词的第一个字母来作为密码，由此判断E选项内容符合语境逻辑。
38.G考查对上下文的理解和判断能力。根据后面的解释内容可以判断这是介绍密码设置的又一种方法，故G选项内容Another
way to hide a message is
to use symbols to stand
for specific letters of the
alphabet.符合语境。
39.F考查对上下文的理解和判断能力。根据后面的举例以及前句中的 a code
book可以判断该句是介绍密码书的使用，故判断F选项With a code book,
you might write down words
that would stand for other
words.可以起到承上启下的作用。
40.A考查对上下文的理解和判断能力。根据空后内容的转折可知尽管利用密码书可以破译密码，但是一本密码书也不会使用很久的时间，故判断A选项It
is very hard to break a
code without the code
book.符合语境。
二）代词指代型
英语表达中代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用无非是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。
【2015·全国卷Ⅰ】Trust is a
learned behaviour that we gain from past experiences. 36.________
Trust is a risk. But you can't be successful when there's a
lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where
the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the
mistake.
B．It
is putting confidence in someone.
【解析】36．B 根据前一句“Trust is a learned behaviour that we gain from past
experiences.”可知选B。选项B中的it代指上文出现的trust。
【2015·全国卷Ⅱ】
When you have found shoes that seem
right，walk in them for a
few days to doublecheck the fit.__37__．As always，you should
stretch(伸展) at
least ten minutes before each run to prevent
injuries.
E． If they still feel good，you can begin running in
them
【解析】37.E。选项中代词them指的是上文提到的shoes。
【技巧点拨】
1)如果问题在段首
(a)通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。
(b)与后文是并列、转折、因果关系等。着重阅读后文第一两句，锁定线索信号词，然后在选项中查找相关特征词。通常正确答案的最后一句与空白后的第一句在意思上是紧密衔接的，因此这两句间会有某种的衔接手段。
(c)段落间的过渡句。这时要前瞻后望找启示，即阅读上一段结尾部分，通常正确答案与上一段结尾有机地衔接起来，并结合下一段内容，看所选的答案是否将两段内容连贯起来。
2)如果问题在段尾
(a)空白前的一句或两句是重点语句，重点阅读以锁定关键词。
(b)通常是结论、概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词，如therefore, as a result, thus, hence, in short, to sum up,
to conclude, in a word等词语，选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。
(c)与前文是转折或对比关系。此时要注意在选项中查找表示转折、对比的关联词，同时注意选项中所讲内容是否与前文在同一主题上形成对立、对比关系。
(d)与前文是并列或排比关系。在这种情况下，通常是该段落要求补全说明本段主题的其他细节，因此根据段落一致性原则，在原文和选项中找到相关的特征词，通常在选项中会出现表示并列/递进关系的关联词或与前文类似的句式结构，或出现同义词等其他信号线索。前面的一句与正确答案的第一句是紧密相连的。要特别注意阅读这样相连的两句，通常会找到关键的线索词句。
(e)所选答案是引出下一段的内容。如果在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联，此时可考虑与下一段开头是否有一定的衔接。认真阅读下一段开头几句，看是否与选项的最后一句紧密连接起来。
(f)如果第一段的段尾是空白，要认真阅读，看此处是细节还是主题。通常文章第一段要提出文章的主题，如果在段尾提出主题，会用一些信号词如转折词引出来，正确答案中应有这样的特征词。
3)如果问题是一整个自然段
(a)这个段落应该是承上启下，而且自成一体，即有一个段落的中心，因此可重点阅读选项中较长的选项，以此类推直至找到正确答案。
(b)着重阅读前一段结尾和后一段开头的一两句查找相关的线索，而且重要线索通常会在后一段开头，因此后一段开头往往比前一段结尾更为重要。
(c)分析段落之间的逻辑关系及内容的连贯性，注意段落间的衔接手段。将选项代入原文，如果前后内容连贯，符合逻辑，就能得出正确答案。
【基础达标】
【湖南省郴州市2017届高三上学期第一次教学质量监测】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填人空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Do you want to
know how to live an environmentally friendly lifestyle? Here is a
short list of ways that you can help protect the
environment.
★Prevent
energy leaks（泄漏）at
home.
Heating and
cooling can make up to 50 percent of your energy bill each month.
36 So you'll save money and reduce
your influence on the environment.
★Plant trees
in your yard and community.
Everyone knows
that planting trees can help the environment.
37 Trees cool your home, reducing
the energy used for cooling. Trees improve mental health. Trees
reduce noise pollution.
★
38
If you use
ceiling fans during hot summer days, you can create a cooling
environment. A few ceiling or regular fans properly placed in your
home can reduce the amount of time you spend with the air
conditioning on.
★Use solar
energy more often.
39
There are lots of inexpensive solar
products you can try out. For example, solar-powered lights. How
about solar cell phone chargers? Additionally, there are many forms
of passive solar energy that can help you take advantage of the
sun.
★Think about
green transportation.
Just sit and
think about a few environmentally friendly ways you can get from
one place to another. 40
You can walk or bike to the corner store. Walking
instead of driving to a store is a great way to help the
environment!
A. Trees have
many good influences.
B. Use natural
wind to dry your clothes.
C. There are
many ways to use solar power.
D. Use ceiling
fans to cool off in summer.
E. You can
take a bus when going to the movie theater.
F. Turn off
lights and electronic devices when you're not using
them.
G. You can
heat and cool your home more efficiently by fixing
leaks.
【解析】
36.G。特征提示关键词是leaks。
37.A 考查对上下文语境的理解。空前的意思是：每个人都知道种树对环境有益；空后的意思是：树木能使你的家里变的凉爽。所以这里选A（树木有很多好的作用。）与上下文一致。
38.D考查对上下文语境的理解。空后的意思是：如果你夏天用吊扇，那么你就创造了一个清爽的能源。所以这里选D（在夏天用吊扇来散凉。）与上下文一致。
39.C考查对上下文语境的理解。空前的意思是：更多的使用太阳能。空后的意思是：有很多便宜的太阳能产品，你可以试试。所以这里选C（有很多方式使用太阳能。）与上下文一致。
40.E考查对上下文语境的理解。空前的意思是：坐着想想还有什么从这儿到那儿的环境友好的生活方式。空后的意思是：你可以步行或者骑自行车到街角的商店。所以这里选E（当你去电影院的时候你可以乘公交车。）与上下文一致。
【能力提升】
【河南省开封市2017届高三上学期定位考试（10月）英语试题】 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Nowadays it’s not easy to find a suitable job. Follow these tips,
and possibly you can find a job that suits your
personality.
● List your strong and weak
points
Before you start your job search, take some
time to think about your strong and weak points. 36
If you are excellent at managing your time, for
example, a job in project management, or one that involves
organizing others, could be perfect.
● Ask others for their
opinions
Although you should know yourself better than
anyone else, there are times when a second opinion is needed.
37 They may come up with ideas
that you haven’t considered. You should, however, make sure that
they aren’t so protective of you that they persuade you not to push
yourself, or encourage you so much that you aim too
high.
● Find out what potential jobs
involve
38 Make
sure you do as much research as possible to determine exactly what
you will have to do. An office job may sound very safe if you are
shy, but if you then find that you have to give regular
presentations, you may not be cut out for it after
all.
● 39
When looking for a job, many people have an
idea of what they would like to be in the future. However, that is
often little more than a dream and, even if it’ s possible to reach
that goal, it may involve years of hard work that you don’t enjoy.
40 If you can find a job that
mirrors what makes you happy in life, it is likely that you will
enjoy it and it will match your personality type.
A.Take a personality test
B. Consider what delights you
C. Think about what makes you happy and then
analyze why.
D. Finding a job that suits your personality
is very easy and interesting.
E. Ask your friends and family what sort of
job they think would suit you best.
F. Sometimes, it isn’t immediately obvious
what a job will involve until you start it.
G, More importantly, think about how they
would affect your ability to do particular jobs.
37.E 考查对上下文语境的理解。空前的意思是：尽管你比任何人都更了解自己，但是有时候有一个不同的观点也是需要的；空后的意思是：他们可能会提出你没有考虑的想法。所以这里选E（问你的朋友和家人，他们认为哪种工作更适合你。）与上下文一致。
38.F考查对上下文语境的理解。空后的意思是：确保你做了大量的研究来决定你必须做什么。所以这里选F（有时候直到你开始工作时，你才会知道工作包含什么。）与上下文一致。
39.B考查对上下文语境的理解。空前的意思是：空后的意思是：许多人在找工作时都会想在未来工作会是什么样子。。所以这里选B（考虑是什么使你开心。）与上下文一致。
40.C考查对上下文语境的理解。空前的意思是：即使有可能实现目标，也会是几年的努力工作。空后的意思是：如果你能找一份使你开心的工作。所以这里选C（想一想什么使你开心，为什么。）与上下文一致。
【终极闯关】
【湖南省衡阳市第八中学2017届高三实验班第一次质检】根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,选项中有两项为多余选项。
A new report says plastics are responsible
for $13 billion in damage to the oceans and the undersea
environment. The findings were announced recently at a United
Nations conference．
36
.
Plastic thrown away carelessly makes its way
into rivers and other waterways.
37 . After a while, it collects in the sea. And
plastic never goes away. Plastic is not biodegradable—destroyed by
bacteria or natural processes. Instead, it just breaks up into
smaller pieces over time. The oceans contain a lot of chemicals and
other pollutants(污染物).
38 .That means harmful material may
get into our food supply.
39 .
Human beings cause pollution and they can take steps to stop it.
They can use fewer single use product containers and throw plastics
away correctly. Plastic recycling programs also works—where old
bottles and other plastics are collected, broken down and used to
make new products. We could reuse bottles in our households many
times if we wish to, rather than end it after the first use. We
could, when we get rid of that plastic, recycle it and reuse it,
which replaces the need for raw materials.
The report also calls on companies to improve
methods for using plastics.
40 . And it calls for information about the
way plastic is thrown out or removed from use. By putting a new
value on plastic, industry has a special reason to clean up the
environment.
But all of the companies must join to deal
with the problem.
A. Then, fish may eat the
plastics.
B. But people can make a big
difference.
C. Plastics should be gathered together and
reused.
D. It is convenient to use plastic bags in
everyday life.
E. It asks for them to better measure and
control plastic use.
F. The plastic eventually reaches coastal
areas and ocean waters.
G．The report tells about harm to sea life and what might be
done to improve the situation.
三）逻辑关系型
根据上下文的语境及逻辑关系进行推理找到正确答案是阅读填空最常见的命题形式。试题中常出现的表示逻辑关系的词及短语通常有以下四类：
(a)并列与递进关系：
and, or, also，neither…nor…,either…or…, similarly,
equally, in the same way, that is to say ,as well as, the same
…as,besides, additionally, furthermore, moreover, in addition to
,what is more
(b)因果关系：because, for, since, as, thus,
hence, therefore, so, so…that, consequently, accordingly, due to,
thanks to, as a result ,because of ,in that, for this reason, of
course
(c)转折让步关系： but, however, yet, on the
contrary, by contrast, on the other hand, unfortunately, while,
whereas, unlike, rather than ,instead of, it is true that,of
course,although, though, even though, even if, nevertheless,
despite, in spite of
(d)时间关系：afterwards, at first, at last,
finally, first, firstly, in the first place, to start
with，in the mean
time, last, later, next, second, secondly, then, third, thirdly, to
begin with以及一些具体的时间。
【2015·北京卷】
This way to dreamland
Daydreaming means people think about
something pleasant, especially when this makes them forget what
they should be doing. Daydreamers have a bad reputation for being
unaware of what's happening around them. They can seem forgetful
and clumsy.__71__They annoy us because they seem to be
ignoring us and missing the important things.
But daydreamers are also responsible for some
of the greatest ideas and achievements in human history.
__72__ Can you imagine what kind of world we would have
without such ideas and inventions?
So how can you come up with brilliant
daydreams and avoid falling over tree roots or otherwise looking
like a fool?
First, understand that some
opportunities(机会) for
daydreaming are better than others. Feeling safe and relaxed will
help you to slip into daydreams.__73__ And if you
want to improve your chances of having a creative idea while you're
daydreaming, try to do it while you are involved in another
task—preferably something simple, like taking a shower or walking,
or even making meaningless drawings.
It's also important to know how to avoid
daydreams for those times when you really need to concentrate.
“Mindfulness”， being
focused, is a tool that some people use to avoid falling
asleep.__74__
Finally, you never know what wonderful idea
might strike while your mind has moved slowly
away.__75__
Always remember that your best ideas might
come when your head is actually in the clouds.
A．Having interesting things to think about also
helps.
B．They stare off into space and wander by
themselves.
C．Without wandering minds, we wouldn't have relativity, Coke
or Postit notes.
D．At one time, daydreaming was thought to be a cause of some
mental illnesses.
E．It involves slow, steady breathing for selfcontrol that
helps people stay calm and attentive.
F．Daydreams are often very simple and direct, quite unlike
sleep dreams, which may be hard to understand.
G．Therefore, it's a
good idea to keep a notebook or voice recorder nearby when you're
in the daydream zone.
72. C 考查逻辑例证。本段谈做白日梦的好处，greatest ideas
and achievements是关键词，所以本空可以用例证说明greatest ideas and
achievements指什么。
73. A 考查逻辑关系。本段开篇提出做白日梦的机会(opportunities)，后面提出增加机会的方法，三句为并列关系，阐述做什么能够帮助人更好地进入白日梦的状态，因此A选项中的关键词also
helps最为符合。
74. E 考查逻辑关系。整段阐述如何做到专注，与E选项中的selfcontrol，stay calm and attentive相匹配。故选E。
75. G 考查逻辑关系。本段段首提出“…never know what
wonderful idea might strike…”，后面应该提供具体的应对策略，所以建议最好随时把好的想法记录下来。而记录所需要的重要工具就是G选项中的notebook(笔记本)和voice
recorder(录音设备)。故选G。
【技巧点拨】
1)如果问题在段首
(a)通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。
(b)与后文是并列、转折、因果关系等。着重阅读后文第一两句，锁定线索信号词，然后在选项中查找相关特征词。通常正确答案的最后一句与空白后的第一句在意思上是紧密衔接的，因此这两句间会有某种的衔接手段。
(c)段落间的过渡句。这时要前瞻后望找启示，即阅读上一段结尾部分，通常正确答案与上一段结尾有机地衔接起来，并结合下一段内容，看所选的答案是否将两段内容连贯起来。
2)如果问题在段尾
(a)空白前的一句或两句是重点语句，重点阅读以锁定关键词。
(b)通常是结论、概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词，如therefore, as a result, thus, hence, in short, to sum up,
to conclude, in a word等词语，选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。
(c)与前文是转折或对比关系。此时要注意在选项中查找表示转折、对比的关联词，同时注意选项中所讲内容是否与前文在同一主题上形成对立、对比关系。
(d)与前文是并列或排比关系。在这种情况下，通常是该段落要求补全说明本段主题的其他细节，因此根据段落一致性原则，在原文和选项中找到相关的特征词，通常在选项中会出现表示并列/递进关系的关联词或与前文类似的句式结构，或出现同义词等其他信号线索。前面的一句与正确答案的第一句是紧密相连的。要特别注意阅读这样相连的两句，通常会找到关键的线索词句。
(e)所选答案是引出下一段的内容。如果在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联，此时可考虑与下一段开头是否有一定的衔接。认真阅读下一段开头几句，看是否与选项的最后一句紧密连接起来。
(f)如果第一段的段尾是空白，要认真阅读，看此处是细节还是主题。通常文章第一段要提出文章的主题，如果在段尾提出主题，会用一些信号词如转折词引出来，正确答案中应有这样的特征词。
3)如果问题是一整个自然段
(a)这个段落应该是承上启下，而且自成一体，即有一个段落的中心，因此可重点阅读选项中较长的选项，以此类推直至找到正确答案。
(b)着重阅读前一段结尾和后一段开头的一两句查找相关的线索，而且重要线索通常会在后一段开头，因此后一段开头往往比前一段结尾更为重要。
(c)分析段落之间的逻辑关系及内容的连贯性，注意段落间的衔接手段。将选项代入原文，如果前后内容连贯，符合逻辑，就能得出正确答案。
【基础达标】
【江西师范大学附属中学2017届高三10月月考】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
With the summer holiday just around the
corner, it seems like everybody is busy planning their vacations.
Here are some tips that can help you enjoy your holiday without
emptying your pocket.
Travel off-season
Go to your desired destination while the
demand is low and take advantage of huge discounts. During the peak
season, the hotel and flight prices increase quickly, and you’ll
likely spend more of your vacation time standing in line due to the
rush of tourists. 36
37
]
Websites can help you find discount hotel
rooms. Look for places that do not charge extra for children if
they use the existing bedding. Stay with the locals. If you and
your family are going to stay for a longer period, renting a small
apartment is a good choice.
Eat like a local
Why eat at big chain
restaurants when you can experience something new? Planning your
meals is another way to reduce your travel costs. During your
family trip, try new food where the locals eat.
38 For smaller meals and snacks, avoid
restaurants and try street food or other takeout.
Don’t hesitate to
bargain]
Tourist- heavy places are known for
overcharging for just about everything.
Clothes, travel goodies, souvenirs, etc. are
very expensive at these places. For this reason, you shouldn’t feel
ashamed to ask for bargains. 39
Choose local
transportation
As a tourist, avoid taking taxis whenever
possible, since they are expensive.
40 If you are
planning to stay for a while, you can consider renting a car.
Hiring a car is much easier than carrying your bags everywhere if
you are moving around a lot.
A. Save on hotels.
B. Surf the Internet while
traveling.
C. Therefore, avoid buying anything
there.
D. So it’s best to find out when the
off-season starts.
E. This will not only save money, but offer
you a new and different experience.
F. Bargain hard to get the best
price.
G. Instead, take buses, railways or subways,
which are always cheaper.
39.F考查上下文的理解判断能力。根据横线前所述可知旅游中花费很高，由于这个原因，对于旅游中的便宜货不应感到羞愧。故F正确。
40.G考查上下文的理解判断能力。根据标题选择当地交通可知下文应与交通有关，另外还提到了这个篇文章的主题，即避免出租车，因为他们昂贵。故G正确
【能力提升】
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
What problems do you have with your study? Do
you want to improve the way you study? Do you feel nervous before a
test? Many students say that a lack of concentration is their
biggest problem. It seriously affects their ability to study, so do
their test results. __36__
Study Techniques
You should
always study in the same place. You shouldn’t sit in a position
that you use for another purpose. __37__ Don’t watch TV while you
are studying. Experts warn that your concentration may be reduced
by 50 percent if you attempt to study in this way. Always try to
have a white wall in front of you, so there is nothing to distract
you. Before sitting down to study, gather together all the
equipment you need. Apart from your textbooks, pens, pencils and
knives, make sure you have a dictionary.
__38__ Finish
one thing before beginning another. If you need a break, get up and
walk around for a few minutes, but try not to telephone a friend or
have something to eat.
Test-taking Skills
All your hard
work will be for nothing if you are too nervous to take your test.
Getting plenty of rest is very important. This means: do not study
all night before your test! It is a better idea to have a long-term
study plan. Try to make a timetable for your study which lasts for
a few months.
__39__ Doing
some form of exercise every day will also improve your
concentration. Eat healthy food too.
When you
arrive in the examination room, find your seat and sit down.
Breathe slowly and deeply. Check the time on the clock during the
test, but not too often. ___40___
A. Above all, take no notice of everyone else
and give the test paper your undivided attention.
B. Your eyes will become tired if you try to
read a text which is on a flat surface.
C. If so, use these tips to help
you.
D. Be realistic and don’t try to complete too
much in one study period.
E. For example, when you sit on a sofa to
study, your brain will think it is time to relax.
F. You will have enough energy to deal with
your study and exams by eating healthy diet.
G. Exercise is a great way to reduce
pressure.
【解析】
试题分析：注意力不集中既影响学习能力又影响考试成绩，作者就怎样集中注意力给了我们一些建议。
36.C考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。上文讲学习考试中遇到的具体问题，尤其是注意力不集中影响学习能力和考试成绩。是提出问题，C项：如果这样，下面建议会帮助你。引出下文的解决方法承上启下，故选C.
37.E考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。上句讲要选择合适的学习地点，目的是学习不是其他。E项：如果你坐在沙发上学习，大脑就会认为该休息了。是对上句的具体解释，故选E.
38.D考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。下文讲完成一件事再开始另一件，不要同时做几件事。D项：现实一些不要在同一学习阶段完成太多。与下文一致，故选D.
【终极闯关】
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Job interviewing never seems to get any
easier—even when you have gone on more interviews than you can
count. 36 Here are job interview tips to help
prepare you to interview effectively.
Practice
Practice answering interview questions and
practice your responses to the typical job interview questions and
answers most employers ask. Think of concrete examples you can use
to highlight your skills.
Research
Do your homework about the employer and the
industry so you are ready for the question What do you know
about this company. 37 If you’re
not sure of the name, call and ask ahead of the interview. Try to
relate what you have learned about the company when answering
questions.
38
Make sure your interview dress is neat, tidy
and appropriate for the type of firm you are interviewing with.
Bring a nice folder with copies of your resume. Include a pen and
paper for note taking.
Be On Time]
39 Try to arrive at the
interview on time. Being on time means five to ten minutes early.
If necessary, take some time to drive to the interview location
ahead of time.
Stay Calm]
During the job interview try to relax and
stay as calm as possible . 40 Maintain eye
contact with the interviewer. Listen to the entire question (active
listening) before you answer and pay attention.
Show What You Know
Try to relate what you know about the company
when answering questions and use examples from your research when
answering related questions.
A. Get Ready.
B. Check yourself.
C. Never be late for the
interview.
D. Keep it in mind that actions speak louder
than words.
E. Know the interviewer’s name and use it
during the job interview.
F. However, invest a little time ahead of the
interview and it will be much easier to handle.
G. Remember your body languages as much as
your answers to the questions.
38.A考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段讲提前准备合适的穿着、简历、纸笔，这些都是提前的准备工作，A项概括全段，故选A.
39.C考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段讲面试要准时，C项：面试不要迟到，符合本段内容，故选C.
40.G考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段讲面试要保持镇静，G项讲肢体语言的具体运用，符合本段内容，故选G.
