hen enrolled. The name
'National Tsinghua University'
was adopted in 1928, and in 1929 the Research Institute was set
up.
Although Western
culture was pervasive in the early history of the university,
Chinese culture were also cherished and widely studied. The faculty
greatly valued the interaction between the Chinese and Western
cultures, the sciences and humanities, the ancient and modern.
Tsinghua scholars Wang Guowei, Liang Qichao, Chen Yinque and Zhao
Yuanren, renowned as the 'Four Tutors' in the Institute of Chinese
Classics, advocated this belief and had a profound impact on
Tsinghua's later development.
The Resistance（抵抗） War against the Japanese Invasion
（侵略）in 1937 shattered （破坏） the campus' serenity （宁静）
and forced Tsinghua to move to Kunming and join with
Peking University and Nankai University to form the 'Southwest
Associated University.' （西南联大）Despite the tumult（混乱）, hardships and
material scarcity（匮乏） brought on by the war, the teachers and
students persisted （坚持） with their work and studies,
achieving outstanding academic performance （突出的学术成绩）
even under such difficult conditions. After the war,
in 1946, the university was moved back to its original location in
Beijing.
The Tsinghua faculty and students have left a lasting imprint
（烙印）on the history of modern China. They actively resisted the
Japanese invasion, participated （参加）in the influential（有影响的）
'December 9th Movement of Patriotism（爱国主义） and Democracy（民主）' and
the movement of the 'Struggle against Starvation, Civil War and
Persecution （迫害）,' and devoted themselves to the pursuit（追求） and
spread of the truth that would give new birth to the nation in the
midst of her struggle for independence.
After
the founding of the People's Republic of China, the university was
molded（改造） into a polytechnic institution （工学院）
focusing on engineering in the nationwide
restructuring（重新调整） of universities and colleges undertaken in
1952. In November 1952, Jiang Nanxiang became the president of the
university. He sought to best way to promote Chinese higher
education and made significant contributions in redirecting
Tsinghua to become the national center for training engineers and
scientists with both professional proficiency（精通） and personal
integrity（健全的人格）
.
Tsinghua has flourished （繁荣）since 1978, with the re-establishment
of the departments in sciences, economics and management, and the
humanities（人文科学）. The Tsinghua graduate school has been recognized
nationally, ranking first in the National Evaluation （评估）of
Graduate Schools. The School of Continuing Education makes the best
use of modern information technologies, as well as the advanced
educational resources at Tsinghua. Currently, the university
consists of 44 departments distributed
（分布）
in 11 schools（学院）, including the schools of sciences,
architecture, civil engineering, mechanical engineering,
information science and technology, humanities and social sciences,
economics and management, law, arts and design, public policy and
management, and applied technology. A medical school is currently
being established. Tsinghua is developing into a comprehensive
university （综合大学）at a breathtaking（惊人的） pace.
With a splendid legacy （传统）accumulated （积淀）over the past 90 years,
Tsinghua has retained （保留、保持）its character and charm while
promoting rigorous scholarship（严谨的治学态度） research, ensuring（保证）
academic and educational prestige（声誉） in China and abroad. The
university currently has over 7,100 faculty and staff, with over
900 full professors（正教授） and 1,200 associate professors（副教授）,
including 24 members of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and 24
members of the Chinese Academy of Engineering.
The educational
philosophy（教育理念） of Tsinghua is to 'train students with integrity.'
Among the over 100,000 students who have graduated from Tsinghua
since its founding are many outstanding scholars, eminent
（杰出的）entrepreneurs（企业家） and great statesmen remembered and
respected by their fellow Chinese citizens. Hence（因此）, to study at
Tsinghua is the dream of many Chinese youth. Presently, Tsinghua
has over 20,000 students, including 12,000 undergraduates（本科生）,
6,200 master's degrees candidates（硕士研究生） and 2,800 doctoral
candidates（博士研究生）.
With strong support from the nation and in the face of
unprecedented （崭新的）opportunities, Tsinghua University is poised
（准备）
to become a world-class university in the 21st
century. With the inspiring motto 'Self-discipline and Social
Commitment,' Tsinghua is dedicated （贡献）to the well being （福祉） of
Chinese society.
北京大学 Peking
University
Peking University is a comprehensive（综合性）
and National key university. The campus, known as 'Yan Yuan'-- the
gardens of Yan, is situated at the
northeast of the
Haidian District at the western suburbs of Beijing. It stands near
the Yuan Ming Gardens and the Summer Palace.
The University consists of 30 colleges and 12
departments, with 93 specialties（专业） for undergraduates,2
specialties for the second Bachelor's degree（学士学位）, 199 specialties
for Master candidates and 173 specialties for Doctoral candidates.
While still laying stress（重点在于） on basic sciences, the university
has paid special attention to the development of applied
sciences（应用科学）.
At present,
Peking
university has 216 research institutes and research centres, and
there are 2 national engineering research centres, 81 key national
disciplines（学科）, 12 national key laboratories.
The
university has made an effective combination of the research on
important scientific
issues with the training of
personnel with high level specialized knowledge and professional
skill as demanded by the country's socialist modernization. It
strives （努力、奋斗）not only for the
simultaneous（同步）
improvements in teaching and research work, but also for the
promotion（促进） of
interaction and mutual（相互的）
promotion among various subjects.
Thus Peking University has become a center for teaching
and research and a university of the new type,
consisting
of diverse branches of learning such as
pure and applied sciences, social sciences and the
humanities, and sciences of management and education. Its aim is to
rank among the world's
best universities at the
beginning of the next century.
浙江大学 Zhejiang
University
In September 1998,
a new Zhejiang University was established on the basis of the
amalgamation（合并） of the four former individual universities, namely
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou University, Zhejiang Agricultural
University and Zhejiang Medical University, which were all located
in the garden city of Hangzhou. Approved （同意）by the State
Council（国务院）, the founding of the new Zhejiang University has been
a significant move in the reform and development of China's higher
education. The four universities have grown out of the same
ancestry, the Qiushi (with the literal meaning of 'seeking truth'
in Chinese) Academy, which was founded a century ago as one of the
earliest institutions of higher learning in China. As a result,
they have all inherited from it the spirit of 'Qiushi' and at the
same time, built up their own distinctive features（特点） in teaching
and research.
Under the direct administration（管理） of China's Ministry of
Education, the new Zhejiang University is a key comprehensive
university whose fields of study cover eleven branches of learning,
namely philosophy, literature, history, education, science,
economics, law, management, engineering, agriculture and medicine.
The university, now has
115 specialties（专业） for
undergraduate studies, and it is entitled （有资格）to confer（授予）
masters degrees in
312 programs and doctoral degrees in
237 programs. Under its administration there are
13
Nation Key Laboratories,
2 National Engineering Research
Centers and
3 National Engineering Technology Centers.
Besides, it has set up
24 nation key specialties and
39 post-doctor stations.
Endowed（赋予） with a
pleasant climate, picturesque（风景如画） surroundings and a favorable
academic atmosphere（良好的学术氛围）, Zhejiang University is an ideal place
for teaching, research, and learning. With six campuses, namely
Yuquan, Xixi, Huajiachi, Hubin, Zhijiang, and Zijingang, the
university now occupies a total area of
533 hectares and a
floor space of over
2,000,000 square meters. At present, the
total number of full time students has reached over
40,000,
including more than
23,600 undergraduates, over
9,300
postgraduates working for master's degrees and over
6,200
Ph.D. candidates. There are also nearly
37,000 students
taking courses in degree and non-degree programs in adult
education. Among its
8,400 staff members and workers, there
are
14 members of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,
9
members of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, over
1,200
full professors and over
2,400 associate professors. With a
total space of
83,000 square meters, the university library
has a collection of more than
6,390,000 volumes. In
addition, the university has
6 affiliated hospitals（附属医院）,
providing medical services of various kinds for people from all
over Zhejiang province.
At the turn of the century, the university is taking full advantage
of the opportunities brought by the amalgamation, and will continue
to give priority to education and research. It seeks to offer
service to the nation's economic development, and to make every
effort to build itself into an institution on a par with the
first-class university in the world.
南京大学 Nanjing
University
Nanjing University is one of China's key comprehensive universities
and it functions directly under the Ministry of Education. It is
located in the ancient capital of six dynasties -- Nanjing. The
University dates back to 1902 when Sanjiang Normal School was
founded, and then evolved as Liangjiang Normal School, Nanjing
Higher Normal School, National Southeast University, the Fourth
Zhongshan University, and National Central University. On August 8,
1949, the National Central University was renamed National Nanjing
University. In October 1950, as required by the Ministry of
Education, the name was changed to Nanjing University. In 1952,
when a nationwide readjustment of universities took place, some
schools, such as the School of Engineering and the School of
Agriculture, were separated from the University; meanwhile, the
University merged with the School of Liberal Arts and the School of
Sciences of the University of Nanking, which was founded in 1888.
The new university remained Nanjing University and the campus of
Nanjing University moved from Sipailou to Gulou.
Today, Nanjing University consists of
two campuses, one in Gulou and the other in Pukou with a total area
of more than 3,600 mu (nearly 600 acres). It is one of the top
universities in China, with beautiful campuses and modern teaching
and research facilities. Its current President is Professor Chen
Jun, a geochemist. The University celebrates its anniversary on May
20 of each year.
Nanjing University's development has
always been closely bound with the destiny of the Chinese nation
and linked to her ever changing society. Nanjing Higher Normal
University, the predecessor of Nanjing University, played a leading
role in the area of Nanjing when the Youth Democratic Movement was
held on May 4, 1919. In the early 1920s, it was in this university
that a group of Chinese communist forerunners introduced the theory
of Marxism to the public. The Second National Conference of Chinese
Communist Youth League was also held at the University. During the
Anti-Japanese War, organizations like the 'Natural Sciences Forum'
and the 'Democracy and Science Forum', headed by Pan Shu, Liang Xi
and Jin Baoshan, renowned professors of National Central
University, eventually became the democratic party 'Jiu San
Society.' During the Liberation War, teachers and students of
National Central University stood at the forefront through out the
democratic patriotic movement. On May 20, 1947, students of
National Central University initiated an 'Anti-Hunger, Anti-Civil
War and Anti-Persecution Movement', later known as the 'May 20th
Patriotic Students Movement.' After the National Central University
was renamed Nanjing University, the truth-seeking convention was
carried forward. In May 1978, one scholar at the Philosophy
Department published, in the Guangming Daily, a well-known essay
entitled 'Practice Is the Sole Criterion for Testing Truth' and
thus evoked 'a heated discussion on the criterion of truth' that
attracted nationwide attention.
Situated on several
former royal gardens of the Qing Dynasty, surrounded by a few
historical sites in northwest Beijing, is the campus of Tsinghua
University. The garden-like landscape（风景）, with the Wanquan River
meandering through（蜿蜒流过）, has inspired and motivated （激励）