英语中的多音节词汇的发音划分问题 --转载
2012-10-29 13:58阅读:
现在大家在进行绘本书阅读的时候,经常会遇到一个问题:绘本里有些字长了,孩子会说太长了,读不来,然后问妈妈,但是妈妈们也不知道多音节字怎么发音。
比如,碰到下面的词的时候,就会不知道如何来弄了。这时候妈妈们都是比较沮丧的,所以专门开一个楼讲一下多音节发音,希望在这个帖子里将这个问题探讨清楚。。
communicate
condominium
mayonnaise
appetizer
论坛中也有类似的一个转帖,这篇文章讲地还是非常不错的!
ZT 关于多音节划分的问题
多音节单词如何划分音节来帮助单词记忆?
英语中多音节的关系其实和我们汉语中拼音声母和韵母的关系很类似,一般的都是声母(辅音)和韵母(元音)构成一个
音节,但是也有韵母单独成一个
音节的,所以我们是汉【字】,英语是单【词】。
通常来讲,学习Phonics的时候,需要对音节划分来进行学习。英语单词按音节来分主要有下面几种:
1)单音节单词 2)双音节单词
3)多音节单词
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对于我们来说主要是多音节词的划分有一些问题。所以如果孩子没有学过音节划分,而且音频的输入没有足够的情况下,孩子会对很多多音节词比较发怵,这
样就会让孩子觉得很困难,产生逃避这个多音节词的情况。大家可以看看上面这个帖子,然后琢磨一下多音节词的发音,对孩子来说,也只用多加练习就可以掌握
了。
这个美国的网站可以帮助大家了解一下划分音节的规则:
http://www.phonicsontheweb.com/syllables.php
具体内容如下:
Six Kinds of Syllables
There are six different kinds of syllables in English:
- Closed Syllables 闭音节 : A
closed syllable has one and only one vowel, and it ends in a
consonant. Examples include in, ask,
truck, sock, stretch, twelfth, and
on.
- Open Syllables 开音节: An open syllable has one
and only one vowel, and that vowel occurs at the end of the
syllable. Examples include no, she,
I, a, and spry.
- Silent-E Syllables 以E结尾的音节: A silent-e syllable
ends in an e, has one and only one consonant before that
e, and has one and only one vowel before that consonant.
Examples include ate, ice,
tune, slope, strobe, and these.
- Vowel Combination Syllables 这种音节有2个或者3个元音组合: A vowel
combination syllable has a cluster of two or three vowels or a
vowel-consonant unit with a sound or sounds particular to that
unit. Examples include rain, day,
see, veil, pie, piece, noise,
toy, cue, and true.
- Vowel-R Syllables 这种音节有2种:1.元音后面跟一个R,2.R后面用E结尾: A
vowel-r syllable is one which includes one and only one vowel
followed by an r, or one vowel followed by an r which
is followed by a silent e, or a vowel combination followed by an r.
Examples include car, or, care,
ire, air, and deer.
- Consonant-L-E Syllables 这种音节用le结尾: In these syllables,
a consonant is followed by le. The vowel
sound in these syllables is the schwa sound that occurs before the
l. Examples include -ble, -cle,
-dle, -fle, and -gle.
Dividing Words Into SyllablesThere are four ways
to split up a word into its syllables:
1. Divide between two middle consonants.Split up
words that have two middle consonants. For example:
hap/pen, bas/ket, let/ter, sup/per, din/ner, and Den/nis. The only
exceptions are the consonant digraphs. Never split up consonant
digraphs as they really represent only one sound. The exceptions
are 'th', 'sh', 'ph', 'th', 'ch', and 'wh'.
在双辅音中划分,但是 'th', 'sh', 'ph', 'th',
'ch', and 'wh'例外。
2. Usually divide before a single middle
consonant.When there is only one syllable, you usually
divide in front of it, as in:
'o/pen', 'i/tem', 'e/vil', and 're/port'. The only exceptions are
those times when the first syllable has an obvious
short sound, as in 'cab/in'.
如果单词的中间有辅音,那么就直接在辅音前面进行划分,比如'o/pen', 'i/tem',
'e/vil', and 're/port'
3. Divide before the consonant before an '-le'
syllable.When you have a word that has the old-style
spelling in which the '-le' sounds like '-el', divide before the
consonant before the '-le'. For example: 'a/ble', 'fum/ble',
'rub/ble' 'mum/ble' and 'thi/stle'. The only exception to this are
'ckle' words like 'tick/le'.
对le这个音节有点特殊,例如'a/ble', 'fum/ble',
'rub/ble' 'mum/ble' and 'thi/stle'.这个在辅音前进行划分,但是'ckle' words like
'tick/le'是个例外。
4. Divide off any compound words, prefixes, suffixes and roots which have vowel
sounds.Split off the parts of compound words like
'sports/car' and 'house/boat'. Divide off prefixes such at
'un/happy', 'pre/paid', or 're/write'. Also divide off suffixes as
in the words 'farm/er', 'teach/er', 'hope/less' and 'care/ful'. In
the word 'stop/ping', the suffix is actually '-ping' because this
word follows the rule that when you add '-ing' to a word with one
syllable, you double the last consonant and add the '-ing'.
对于组合起来的词,例如 'sports/car' and
'house/boat' ,就直接分开进行划分;
对前缀词,例如 un/happy', 'pre/paid', or
're/write',分开前缀进行划分;
对后缀词,'farm/er', 'teach/er',
'hope/less' and 'care/ful' 也是一样,对后缀进行划分;
知道大家对这些英文看地比较头大,所以就做了一个简单的翻译和重点强调。
汪培珽推荐I Can Read大牌人物解密:精灵鼠小弟+小毛人+小马驹+小熊等
http://www.boshidan.com/thread-1611-1-1.html
面说地其实就是转地帖子的口诀:
(1)先找元,后确定,一个元音一音节
(2)遇到单,不用划,加上辅音直接读
(3)遇到双音或多音,要先划出分界线
(4)一归后,二分手,遇到尾e要去掉
(5)加后缀,e发音,尾辅要和e牵手
(6)加后缀,e无声,音节不增跟着读
(7)字母组合算一个,辅音连缀不要分
总结一下
1. 在双辅音中划分,但是 'th', 'sh', 'ph',
'th', 'ch', and 'wh'例外。
2.
如果单词的中间有辅音,那么就直接在辅音前面进行划分,比如'o/pen', 'i/tem', 'e/vil', and
're/port'
3. 对le这个音节有点特殊,例如'a/ble',
'fum/ble', 'rub/ble' 'mum/ble' and 'thi/stle'.这个在辅音前进行划分,但是'ckle'
words like 'tick/le'是个例外。
4. 对于组合起来的词,例如 'sports/car' and
'house/boat' ,就直接分开进行划分;
对前缀词,例如 un/happy',
'pre/paid', or 're/write',分开前缀进行划分;
对后缀词,'farm/er',
'teach/er', 'hope/less' and 'care/ful'
也是一样,对后缀进行划分;
上面这些规则也会有例外之处,但是上面这些规则是基础。
另外介绍一个比较实用的办法,就是遇到孩子不懂的,妈妈自己也不懂的,就尝试和孩子一起拼,拼了一段时间以后,孩子和妈妈的能力自然会提高很多的。虽然
还有很多不能正确划分,但是进步也很明显,对于音节这一块和拼读相辅相成,配合大量的阅读练习和家长耐心引导,可以解决大部分问题。
最后,如果有一本不错的英文词典,会帮到很大忙,这个就参考我另外的关于英语词典的帖子吧。这里就说一个
www.dictionary.com
呵呵 大家知道dictionary怎么划分音节吗? 自己查查吧!
大家学了Phonics,了解了多音节词汇的音节划分问题,再跟大家介绍一点Word family的内容。
英语中的多音节词汇的发音划分问题
http://www.boshidan.com/thread-2427-1-1.html
Word family
翻译过来就是词族,其实这个新东方的人用地是最好的,老俞在编写他的GRE红宝书就大量运用了WORD
FAMILY的概念来帮助记忆。
先来点理论性的东西,给大家普及普及:World
family主要是利用词族之间的相似性来帮助单词的记忆,以及区分单词。WORD FAMILY
分下面几类,即由下面几种方法来形成WORD FAMILY.
一,根据语音学(Phonetics)的原理分类形成的词族
即根据语音规律可形成无数的语音组合,就是我们现在说的Word
family。比如,含有短元音“i”重读闭音节形成的词族我们可以把这些单音节列在一起形成这个Word family: skin,
pig, kit, fit, thin, spin, kin, dig, pit, win, sit, tin kick。
又如:在不发音的“b”的教学中,我们也可以对这一发音规律的词汇进行一次归纳。如:comb, tomb, bomb,
climb, lamb, doubt, debt. 这样的word family就能给孩子们留下比较深刻的印象。
二,根据词义学形成的词族
这就是用上下文的关系,或者同义词,反义词的关系形成的词族。
还有一些其他策略形成WORD
FAMILY,但是这些都比较理论,我们就不讲了,我们来看看大家最喜欢的资料和教学策略吧。