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译文札记（657）：美国文学之父——华盛顿·欧文

2022-03-16 11:52阅读：

http://blog.sina.cn/dpool/blog/u/1563811280

美国文学之父——华盛顿·欧文

今天闲得无聊，打开O Henry《短篇小说100篇》。书的Introduction中开首就是一大串的美国作家的名字：
The stories of O Henry are in the great tradition of American short story writing that stretches from Irving and Poe through to Damon Runyon and even P J O’Rourke.
Irving即Washington Irving，也就是华盛顿·欧文（1783——1859）；是19世纪美国最著名的作家，号称美国文学之父。1783年4月3日出生在纽约一个富商家庭。从欧文少年时代起就喜爱阅读英国作家司各特、拜伦和彭斯等人的作品。欧文的第一部重要作品是《纽约外史》。 1819年，欧文的《见闻札记》出版，引起欧洲和美国文学界的重视，这部作品奠定了欧文在美国文学史上的地位。
译文札记（657）：美国文学之父——华盛顿·欧文

华盛顿·欧文

译文札记（657）：美国文学之父——华盛顿·欧文

译文札记（657）：美国文学之父——华盛顿·欧文

译文札记（657）：美国文学之父——华盛顿·欧文

作品列表
1、《纽约外史》(A History of New York,1809)
2、《柑掌录》（即《见闻札记》）[The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent.1819-1820]）——其中收录　 《睡谷的传说》（The legend of the Sleepy Hollow）和《瑞普．凡．温克尔》（Rip Van Winkle）等名篇 （《见闻札记》开创了美国短篇小说的传统）
3、《布雷斯布里奇田庄》（Bracebridge Hall,1822）
4、《旅人述异》（即《旅客谈》[Tales of a Traveller,1824]）
5、《哥伦布的生平和航行》（即《哥伦布传》[The Life and Voyages of Christopher Columbus,1828]）
6、《哥伦布同伴航海及发现》（Voyages and Discoveries of the Companions of Columbus,1831）
7、《攻克格拉纳达》（The Chronicles of the Conquest of Granada,1829）
8、《大食故宫余载》（即《阿尔罕伯拉》[Tales of the Alhambra,1832]）
9、《阿斯托里亚》（Astoria,1836）
译文札记（657）：美国文学之父——华盛顿·欧文

10、《哥尔德斯密斯传》（The Life of Oliver Goldsmith,1840 [revised 1849]）
11、《穆罕默德及其继承者》（Mahomet and His Successors,1850）
12、《华盛顿传》（The Life of George Washington [5 volumes],

译文札记（657）：美国文学之父——华盛顿·欧文

安徒生童话-非常经典注音文库（第二辑）
作者名称 华盛顿•欧文
作品时间 1970年1月

译文札记（657）：美国文学之父——华盛顿·欧文

沉睡谷传奇
作者名称 华盛顿•欧文
小说中的故事发生在约1790年的美国纽约州东南部一个荷兰人聚居的村庄塔里敦（Tarry Town），在一座名为“沉睡谷”

拊掌录
作者名称 华盛顿•欧文
作品时间 2013年12月

华盛顿时代
作者名称 华盛顿•欧文

译文札记（657）：美国文学之父——华盛顿·欧文


Washington Irving, (born April 3, 1783, New York, New York, U.S.—died November 28, 1859, Tarrytown, New York), writer called the “first American man of letters.” He is best known for the short stories “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” and “Rip Van Winkle.”
The favourite and last of 11 children of an austere Presbyterian father and a genial Anglican mother, young, frail Irving grew up in an atmosphere of indulgence. He escaped a college education, which his father required of his older sons, but read intermittently at the law, notably in the office of Josiah Ogden Hoffman, with whose pretty daughter Matilda he early fell in love. He wrote a series of whimsically satirical essays over the signature of Jonathan Oldstyle, Gent., published in Peter Irving’s newspaper, the Morning Chronicle, in 1802–03. He made several trips up the Hudson, another into Canada for his health, and took an extended tour of Europe in 1804–06.
On his return he passed the bar examination late in 1806 and soon set up as a lawyer. But during 1807–08 his chief occupation was to collaboratewith his brother William and James K. Paulding in the writing of a series of 20 periodical essays entitled Salmagundi. Concerned primarily with passing phases of contemporary society, the essays retain significance as an index to the social milieu.
His A History of New York…by Diedrich Knickerbocker (1809) was a comic history of the Dutch regime in New York, prefaced by a mock-pedantic account of the world from creation onward. Its writing was interrupted in April 1809 by the sudden death of Matilda Hoffman, as grief incapacitated him. In 1811 he moved to Washington, D.C., as a lobbyist for the Irving brothers’ hardware-importing firm, but his life seemed aimless for some years. He prepared an American edition of Thomas Campbell’s poems, edited the Analectic Magazine, and acquired a staff colonelcy during the War of 1812. In 1815 he went to Liverpool to look after the interests of his brothers’ firm. In London he met Sir Walter Scott, who encouraged him to renewed effort. The result was The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent (1819–20), a collection of stories and essays that mix satire and whimsicality with fact and fiction. Most of the book’s 30-odd pieces concern Irving’s impressions of England, but six chapters deal with American subjects. Of these, the tales “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” and “Rip Van Winkle” have been called the first American short stories. They are both Americanized versions of German folktales. The main character of “Rip Van Winkle” is a henpecked husband who sleeps for 20 years and awakes as an old man to find his wife dead, his daughter happily married, and America now an independent country. The tremendous success of The Sketch Book in both England and the United States assured Irving that he could live by his pen. In 1822 he produced Bracebridge Hall, a sequel to The Sketch Book. He traveled in Germany, Austria, France, Spain, the British Isles, and later in his own country.

译文札记（657）：美国文学之父——华盛顿·欧文
The headless horseman in Sleepy Hollow (1999), based on Washington Irving's story “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow.”

Early in 1826 he accepted the invitation of Alexander H. Everett to attach himself to the American legation in Spain, where he wrote his Columbus(1828), followed by The Companions of Columbus (1831). Meanwhile, Irving had become absorbed in the legends of the Moorish past and wrote A Chronicle of the Conquest of Granada (1829) and The Alhambra(1832), a Spanish counterpart of The Sketch Book.
After a 17-year absence Irving returned to New York in 1832, where he was warmly received. He made a journey west and produced in rapid succession A Tour of the Prairies (1835), Astoria (1836), and The Adventures of Captain Bonneville (1837). Except for four years (1842–46) as minister to Spain, Irving spent the remainder of his life at his home, “Sunnyside,” in Tarrytown, on the Hudson River, where he devoted himself to literary pursuits.

译文札记（657）：美国文学之父——华盛顿·欧文
Washington Irving and His Literary Friends at Sunnyside, oil on canvas by Christian Schussele and Felix Octavius Carr Daly, 1863; in the National Portrait Gallery, Washington, D.C.

American author, short story writer, essayist, poet, travel book writer, biographer, and columnist. Irving has been called the father of the American short story. He is best known for 'The Legend of Sleepy Hollow,' in which the schoolmaster Ichabold Crane meets with a headless horseman, and 'Rip Van Winkle,' about a man who falls asleep for 20 years.

'I am always at a loss to know how much to believe of my own stories.' (from Tales of a Travele

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