了一种被称为“。另一篇全国卷的阅读理解文章则介绍了一种被称为“篮子里的聚会”的家庭服务计划,文章内容包括服务的创意﹑服务的内容以及服务的价格和联系方式,由此我们可以推断出作者的写作目的是:to
sell a service。
第三种写作目的(to inform
readers)多见于科普类﹑新闻报道类﹑文化类或社会类的文章,了解这类文章的写作目的有赖于对文章主题的正确把握,阅读时有必要找准文章的主题句,或较好地对主题加以归纳.如全国卷有篇阅读文章,一开始我们就读到了这样的一个问题:“Excused
from recycling because you live in a high rise with a
rubbish chute?”
这是介绍新产品或新思路的一种常见手法,可由此初步推断写作意图,作者在接下来的两个段落对这种废物回收装置作了具体的描述,并在最后一段告诉了我们这种装置的最大优点,把握了这些关键信息,我们也就明白了作者的意图:to
introduce a recycling system for high
rises.上海卷的一篇阅读文章,一开始给出了文章的主题句In toy stores, what is old is new
again 之后从 generational effect , economic factors 和marketing
techniques三个方面分析了20世纪80年代的玩具又再重新热销的原因,这就是作者写本文的目的。
(2) 从写用手法来推断写作目的
请看一个实例 “Have you ever been out on a boat and felt it lifted up by a
wave? Or have you jumped in the water and felt the rush of energy
as waves came over you ?” asked Jamie Taylor of the Wave Energy
Group at the University of Edinburgh .“There is certainly a lot of
energy in waves ,”he said.
●The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage
to ______.
A. testinning of the passage to ______
B. draw the readers’ attention to the topic
C. show Jamie Taylor’s importance
D. invite
the readers to answer them
【分析】作者在文章开头提出问题让读者思考,或是简单介绍与主题有关的其他事物,目的往往是为了引出主题(to draw the
readers’ attention to the topic / to serve as an introduction to
the discussion),故选B。
真题专练
2011年 (重庆卷)C
Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good
thing. However, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to
dirt.
In the early 16
th century, people thought that dirt on
the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had
it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and
let ills in. A particular danger was thought to lie in public
baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his
kingdom. So did the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time
when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly
way. Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning
that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid
the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out.
Though the belief in the merit of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no
longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the
18
th century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away
dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are
practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards
of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War Ⅱ.
Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea: clothes need to be whiter
than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for
dirt, however, gone too far?
Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first-time
parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt,
which might be responsible for the spread of disease. On the
contrary, Mary Ruebush, an American immunologist(免疫学家),encourages
children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system.
And the latter position is gaining some ground.
67. What is the author’s purpose in writing the
passage?
A. To stress the role of dirt.
B. To introduce the history of
dirt.
C. To call attention to the danger of dirt.
D. To present the change of views
on dirt.
E
Skeptics are a strange lot. Some of them refuse to admit the
serious threat of human activities to the environment, and they are
tired of people who disagree with them. Those people, say skeptics,
spread nothing but bad news about the environment. The “eco-guilt”
brought on by the discouraging news about our planet gives rise to
the popularity of skeptics as people search for more comforting
worldviews.
Perhaps that explain why a new book by Bjorn Lomborg received so
much publicity. That book,
The Skeptical Environmentalist,
declares that it measures the “real state of the world” as fine. Of
course, another explanation is the deep pockets some big businesses
with special interests. Indeed, Mr. Lomborg’s views are similar to
those of some Industry-funded organizations, which start huge
activities though the media to confuse the public about issues like
global warming.
So it was strange to see Mr. Lomborg’s book go largely unchallenged
in the media though his beliefs were contrary to most scientific
opinions. One national newspaper in Canada ran a number of articles
and reviews full of words of praise, even with the conclusion that
“After Lomborg, the environmental movement will begin to die
down.”
Such one-sided views should have immediately been challenged. But
only a different review appeared in
Nature, a respected
science magazine with specific readership. The review remarked that
Mr. Lomborg’s “preference for unexamined materials is
incredible”。
A critical (批判的) eye is valuable, and the media should present
information in such a way that could allow people to make informed
decisions. Unfortunately, that is often inaccessible as blocked by
the desire to be shocking or to defend some special interests.
People might become half-blind before a world partially exhibited
by the media. That’s a shame, because matters concerning the health
of the planet are far too important to be treated lightly.
75. What is the author’s main purpose in writing the
passage?
A. To encourage the skeptics to have a critical eye.
B. To warn the public of the danger of half–blindness with
reviews.
C. To blame the media’s lack of responsibility in presenting
information.
D. To show the importance of presenting overall information by the
media.
2011年(四川卷) D
“Experience may possibly be the best teacher, but it is not a
particular good teacher.” You might think that Winston Churchill or
perhaps Mark Twain spoke those words, but they actually come from
James March, a professor at Stanford University and a pioneer in
the field of organizational decision making. For years March(
possibly be wisest philosopher of management) has studied how
humans think and act, and he continues to do so in his new book
The Ambiguities of Experience.
He begins by reminding us of just how firmly we have been sticking
to the idea of experiential learning :“Experience is
respected;experience is sought;experience is explained.” The
problem is that learning from experience involves serious
complications,ones that are part of the nature of experience itself
and which March discusses in the body of this book.
In one interesting part of book,for example,he turns a double eye
toward the use of stories as the most effective way of experiential
learning. He says, “The more accurately reality is presented,the
less understandable the story,and the more understandable the
story, the less realistic it is.”
Besides being a broadly knowledgeable researcher, March is also a
poet, and his gift shines though in the depth of views he offers
and the simple language he uses. Though the book is short, it is
demanding: Don’t pick it up looking for quick, easy lessons.
Rather, be ready to think deeply about learning from experience in
work and life.
56.What’s the purpose of this text?
A. To introduce a book.
B. To describe a researcher.
C. To explain experiential learning.
D. To discuss organizational decision
making.
2011年(江西卷)B
Winners Club
You choose to be a winner!
The Winners Club is a bank account specially designed for
teenagers. It has been made to help you better manage your money.
The Winners Club is a transaction account(交易账户)where you receive a
key-card so you can get to your money 24/7—that’s 24 hours a day, 7
days a week!
It’s a club with impressive features for teenagers:
No account keeping fees!
You’re no millionaire so we don’t expect you to pay large fees. In
fact, there are no account keeping or transaction fees!
Excellent interest rates!
You want your money to grow. The Winners Club has a good rate of
interest which gets even better if you make at least two
deposits(储蓄)without talking them out in a month.
Convenient
Teenagers are busy—we get that. You may never need to come to a
bank at all. With the Winners Club you can choose to use lundy
tellers and to bank from home using the phone and the Internet…You
can have money directly deposited into your Winners Club account.
This could be your pocket money or your pay from your part-time
job!
Mega magazine included
Along with your regular report, you will receive a FREE magazine
full of good ideas to make even more of your money. There are also
fantastic offers and competitions only for Winners Club
members.
The Winners Club is a great choice for teenagers. And it is so easy
to join. Simply fill in an application form. You will have to get
permission from your parent or guardian(so we can organize that
cool key-card) but it is easy. We can’t wait to hear from you. It’s
the best way to choose to be a winner!
65. What is the purpose of this text?
A. To set up a club.
B.
To provide part-time jobs.
C. To organize key-cards.
D.
To introduce a new banking service.
2008安徽C篇
People believes that climbing can do good to health. Where can you
learn the skill of climbing then? If you think that you have to go
to the mountains to learn how to climb, you’re wrong. Many
Americans are learning to climb in city gyms(体育馆). Here, people are
learning on
climbing. The climbing wall goes straight up
and small holding places for hands and feet.
How do people climb the wall? To climb, you
need special shoes and (保护带) around your chest to hold you. There
are ropes(绳索)tied to your. The ropes hold you in place so that you
don’t fall. A beginner’s wall is usually about 15 feet high, and
you climb straight up. There are small pieces of metal that stick
out for you to stand on and hold on to. Sometimes it’s easy to see
the new piece of metal. Sometimes, it’s not. The most difficult is
an your fear. It’s normal for humans to be afraid of falling, so
it’s difficult not to feel fear. But when you move away from the
wall, the and the ropes hold you, and you begin to feel safe. You
move slowly until you reach the top.
Climbing attracts people because it’s good
exercise for almost everyone. You use your whole body, especially
your arms and legs. This sport gives your body a complete
workout. When you climb, both your mind and your body can
become stronger.
64. What can we infer from the passage?
A. People are fairly interested in climbing nowadays.
B. It is impossible to build up one’s body by climbing.
C. People can only learn the skill of climbing outdoors.
D. It is always easy to see holding places in climbing.
67. Why does the author write this passage?
A. To tell people where to find gyms.
B. To prove the basic need for
climbing
C. To encourage people to climb mountains.
D.
introduce the sport of wall climbing
2011年 (江苏卷) B
62. The purpose of this poster is to invite more people
to_______________.
A. raise money for the Friends organization
B. join the Friends organization and be members of it
C. work as managers for Pembroke shire National Park
D. enjoy the landscape of Pembroke shire National Park