现在完成时用法与高考
2012-11-01 14:28阅读：
时态考题是历年高考英语单项选择题的“热点”。近年来，时态考题加强了对现在完成时态的考查，现在完成时态几乎成了每年考查时态的“核心”考点之一。因此考生应掌握好现在完成时态的基本用法，结合语境，善于捕捉信息，综合运用语态等其它方面知识，灵活解题。
现在完成时态有三方面基本用法：
一、现在完成时态主要强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。要注意它和一般过去时的区别：一般过去时只叙述过去发生的事情或情况，它不“关心”现在的情况。现在完成时态常和already、just、ever、before、yet等副词连用。
题例：
1.The price ________,but I doubt whether it will remain
so.(NMET 99)
A. went down
B. will go down
C. has gone down
D. was going down
2.–Who is Jerry Cooper?
-________? I saw you shaking hands with him at the
meeting. (NMET 97)
A. Don’t you meet him yet
B. Hadn’t you met him
yet
B. Didn’t you meet him yet
D. Haven’t you met him yet
3. --________ my glasses?
--Yes, I saw them on your bed a minute ago.
(NMET 96)
A. Do you see B. Had you seen
C. Would you see
D. Have you seen
4.When I was at college I ________three foreign languages,
but I ________all except a few words of each.（NMET 90）
A.spoke; had forgotten
B.spoke; have forgotten
C.had spoken; had forgotten
D.had spoken; have
forgotten
5. All the preparations for the task______, and we're ready
to start. (2000春季北京,安徽卷)
A. completed
B.complete
C. had been completed
D.
have been completed
简析：
1、C．后半句“我怀疑它是否会这样保持下去”，说明现在物价已经下跌，着重强调现在的情况。
2、D．
3、D．问者实则关心的是现在他的眼镜在何处。
4、B．此题对比考查一般过去时态和现在完成时态的区别。说三门外语是过去在大学时的事情，但是现在我忘得差不多了。注意句中并列连词but
所隐含的解题信息。
5、D．由并列分句we’re ready to start
所表示的时间推断，应排除表示过去的A项和C项，应选用现在完成时，方能在句意、逻辑上与we’re ready
相一致――此项任务的一切准备工作均已就绪，（才）可以开始了。
二、现在完成时态表示某一动作或状态从过去一直延续到现在。这种用法的基本特点是：
延续性动作或状态常跟用for或ever since/since引出的“时间段”或表示延续意义的副词连用，如： for
some time 、long、so far、 the last/past year等 。
题例：
6. —How are you today?
--Oh, I ________as ill as I do now for a very long
time . (NMET 2000)
A. didn’t feel
B. wasn’t feeling C.
don’t feel D. haven’t
felt
7.–I’m sorry to keep you waiting.
-Oh, not at all. I _______here only a few minutes.
(NMET 94)
A. have been
B. had been
C. was
D. will be
现在完成时的这种用法可用于固定句式It’s(=It has
been)+时间段+since从句。在此句式中，如果从句中用的是非延续性动词，那么，就表示这一段时间是从该短暂动作开始的时间起向后延续；如果从句中用的是延续性动词或表示状态的动词，则表示这一段时间是从该延续性动作或状态结束的时间起向后延续。
题例：
8.–What was the party like?
-Wonderful, it’s (=it has been 作者加注) years
________I enjoyed myself so much..(NMET93)
A. after
B. when
C. before
D. since
句中“enjoy”为延续性动词,表示“enjoy”
这一动作自结束后已经多年了,也就是说已经多年没有那样开心了。又如：
It’s(=It has been) ten years since
he joined the Party
=He has been in the Party for ten
years.
不过,人们习惯用It’s…，而少用It has been…
答案：6、D 7、A
8、D
二、现在完成时还可以表示迄今为止,某动作发生的次数。
题例：
9. You don’t need to describe her. I ________her
several times. (NMET 95)
A. had met
B. have met
C. met
D. meet
注：在句式“It’s+序数词或最高级+名词”含有“总结”性意味时,所接定语从句通常用“完成时态”。实则这是现在完成时态第三种用法在此固定结构中的习惯运用，或者说是其用法的延伸。例如：
10.–Do you know our town at all ?
-No, this is the first time I _______here.
(NMET 92)
A. was
B. am going
C. came
D. have been
11. It’ll be the biggest live concert the world has ever
seen . (SEFC BOOK I B unit 26)
它将会是全世界所看到的最大的现场直播音乐会。
12. This is the only party (that) I’ve ever really enjoyed
in my life.
这是我一生中真正喜欢的唯一的一次聚会。
13. Don’t forget, it will be the second time (that) he has
stayed up all night.
别忘了,这会是他第二次通宵末睡。
14. Today is the second time she has spoken in public.
今天是他第二次在公开场合发表讲话。
当然,上述句型中,当主句动词为is或will
be时,that从句的动词用现在完成时；如果主句动词为was时,that 从句的动词通常用过去完成时。例如：
It was the third time he had met with misfortunes in his
life.
那是他一生中所遭受到的第三次不幸。
在实际运用中,现在完成时态的三方面用法不是截然分开，而是相辅相成的。例如题例9中的现在完成时态的用法是其第一方面和第三方面用法的融合。
另外,在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中,往往用现在完成时态代替将来完成时态。
15. When you have finished your experiment, please
tidy the lab and put everything back in the
cupboards.(SEFC BOOK I A unit2 )
16. When he _______all the newspapers, he’ll go home。
A. sell
B. will have sold
C. will sell
D. has sold
答案：9、B
10、D 16、D .相当于will
have sold
时态考点练习题：
1.-- the sports meet
might be put off.
--Yes, it all depends on the weather.
A. I’ve been told
B. I’ve told
C. I’m told
D. I told
2.My dictionary
. I have looked for it everywhere but still _______ it.
A has lost; don’t find
B. is missing; don’t find
C. has lost; haven’t found
D. is
missing; haven’t found
3.–Where the
recorder ? I can’t see it anywhere.
-I ________it right here, but now it’s gone.
A. did you put; have put
B. have you
put; put
C. had you put; have put
D. were you
putting; have put
4.–Hey, look where you are going !
-Oh, I’m terribly sorry.
.
A. I’m not noticing B. I
wasn’t noticing C. I haven’t noticed
D. I don’t notice
5.–Can I take my composition back, Mr. White ?
-Not right now,
by now.
A. I’m reading it
B. I have read it
C. I’ve been reading it. D. I
read it
6.--I don’t think we
before.
--Well, I ________you once at a party, but we
________introduced then.
A. have met; saw; were not.
B. met; saw; were not
C. have met; have seen; didn’t
D. have
met; saw; didn’t
7.–We’re leaving now.
-Don’t go without me ! I
lunch.
A.almost finished
B.will finish
C.have almost finished
D.am almost
finishing
8.–Oh, it’s you ! I didn’t recognize you.
-I
my hair cut, and I _______this pair of black
glasses.
A.had; was wearing B.have
had; am wearing C.had; wore
D.have had; wear
9.She
geography in a university when I met her, but I have
never seen her ever since.
A.has studied
B.studied
C.had studied
D.was studying
10.The telephone
four times in the last hour, and each time it
________for my roommate.
A.has rung; was B.
has been ringing; is C. had rang; was
D. rang; has been
11.The letter
. I should have received it this morning.
A. is to be mailed B. has been
mailed C. had been mailed
D. was being mailed.
12.John and I
friends for eight years. We first got to know each other
at a Christmas party. But we ________each other a
couple of times before that.
A. had been; have seen
B.
have been; have seen
C. had been; had seen
D. have been; had seen
