一般过去时
would/could/should/might do
|
注：①从句中的be动词在正式场合下用were，但在口语中有时也用was；
②主句中的should通常只用于第一人称，其它的词不受人称限制；
③与过去相反时，从句中可以用could have
done代替过去完成时；★
If you
had
told me about your plan, I would have discouraged
you.
=If you _____________me about your
plan, I would have discouraged you.
④与将来相反时，从句中可以用should do, were to
do代替一般过去时；★
If he
came
tomorrow, I would talk to him about it.
=If he
___________
tomorrow, I would talk to him about it.
=If he
___________
tomorrow, I would talk to him about it.
⑤如果从句中出现should, were,
had,可将它们提到开头，构成省略if的倒装句。★
If you were to pass the
next exam, I would buy you a gift.
=____________ pass the next exam, I
would buy you a gift.
If you had told me earlier,
I would not have the problem now.
=____________ me earlier, I would
not have the problem now.
If he should apologize to
you, would you forgive him?
=____________to you, would you
forgive him?
⑥有时主句和从句所指的时间不一致，这叫混合虚拟语气，它要求主句和从句的时态各自根据实际的时间确定。★
如果Tom明天要来我家（与将来相反），我早就应该知道了（与过去相反）。
If Tom ___________ (come)
to my home tomorrow, I ____________ (hear) about it.
你要是听了我的建议（与过去相反），现在就不会遇那么多麻烦了（与现在相反）。
If you ________ (follow) my
advice, now you _________ (not meet) so much trouble.
你要是去年没有违反校规（与过去相反），下个月你就可以毕业了（与将来相反）。
If you ______ (not break)
the school rules, you _________ (leave) school next month.
⑦有时假设的条件不通过条件状语从句来表达，而是隐含在某些短语或连词的后面，这叫含蓄虚拟语气。这样的词有with, without,
but for, otherwise/or, given等等。
1. With more money, I ________ (help) more people in
need.
2. Without your help at those difficult times, I _________
(not succeed) anyway.
3. But for your advice beforehand, I ____________ (lose)
the game.
4. I’m too busy now, otherwise/or I _________ (go) shopping
with you.
5. Given one more chance, I __________(not make) this
choice.
练习A：套用条件状语从句虚拟语气的三种基本形式，完成下列六个句子
1．
如果我再年轻十岁，我才不会请帮忙呢。
If I __________________ , I __________________ him for help.
2．
如果他是我儿子，我一定会给他严惩。
If he ____________ my son, I ________________ him a severe
punishment.
3．
如果我那时放弃篮球，我一定会有一个很不一样的未来。
If I ___________ at that point, I _______________ a very different
future.
4．
如果那天是星期天，我就不会错过这场球赛了。
If that day ____________ Sunday, I ___________________ the football
game.
5．
如果他明天开生日晚会，我们就没时间给他买礼物了。
If he _____________ his birthday party, we _____________ no time to
buy him gifts.
6．
如果他明天准时到，那么太阳要从西面出来了。
If he _____________ on time tomorrow, the sun _________________ in
the west.
练习B：将第2~6句改为倒装句
2. _____________________, I would give him a severe
punishment.
3. _____________________, I would have had a different
future.
4. _____________________, I wouldn’t have missed the football
game.
5. _____________________, we would have no time to buy him
gifts.
6. _____________________, the sun would rise in the west.
练习C：用混合虚拟语气，翻译下列两个句子。
1．如果明天球赛有现场转播，Tom早就告诉我了。
If the match _______________________ tomorrow, Tom
_________________ ages ago.
2．你要是当初嫁给他，现在就可以高枕无忧了。
If you ________________ then, you
____________________now.
二、这一类型的虚拟语气可以用于I wish 宾语从句。
I wish宾语从句虚拟语气的三种基本形式
|
从句谓语动词
|
句例
|
与现在相反
|
一般过去时/were
|
I wish I had much money now. I
wish I were rich,
|
与过去相反
|
过去完成时
|
I wish I had accepted your
advice at that point.
|
与将来相反
|
过去将来时
|
I wish I would have a future
like Yao Ming.
|
我真希望我将马上见到你。I wish I ________________________________.
我真后悔当时没告诉你实情。I wish I ______________________________.
我真希望现在他在我身边。I wish he ________________________.
我真希望自己知道应该怎么办。I wish I __________________________.
三、这一类型的虚拟语气可以用于as if/as though 方式状语从句。
as if/as though方式状语从句虚拟语气的三种基本形式
|
从句谓语动词
|
句例
|
与现在相反
|
一般过去时/were
|
He always behaves as if he never
had enough sleep.
|
与过去相反
|
过去完成时
|
The injured man got up as if nothing
had happened.
|
与将来相反
|
过去将来时
|
He talks as if his words would
never end.
|
注：有时as if/as though方式状语从句可不用虚拟语气，表示这可能就是个事实。
He seems as if he
is drunk.
(他好象真的喝醉了)
He seems as if he
were drunk.
(他就象喝醉了一样，其实根本没醉)
练习：用虚拟语气翻译句子
1．
她经常自我炫耀，仿佛自己是世界上最好的老师。
She often shows herself off as if she
___________________________.
2．
他只关注篮球，好象明天他就是姚明一样。
He only focuses on basketball as though he ___________Yao Ming
tomorrow.
3．
他对这个故事做了生动的描述，仿佛这件事就发生在他身上一样。
He gave a vivid description of this story as if it
_____________.
四、这一类型的虚拟语气可以用于if only……句型，表示要是……就好了。
If only……句型虚拟语气的三种基本形式
|
谓语动词
|
句例
|
与现在相反
|
一般过去时/were
|
If only I were you! If only he
worked a little harder!
|
与过去相反
|
过去完成时
|
If only you had taken my
advice!
|
与将来相反
|
过去将来时
|
If only I would take part in
the Beijing Olympics!
|
要是我住在那儿就好了！If only I _________________!
他要是昨天来我的生日晚会就好了！If only he
_________________yesterday!
他要是明天不去日本出差就好了！If only he ___________________ to
Japan!
五、这一类型的虚拟语气可以用于I would rather……，表示我宁愿……。
I would rather……句型虚拟语气的三种基本形式
|
谓语动词
|
句例
|
与现在相反
|
一般过去时/were
|
I would rather you stayed at
home now.
|
与过去相反
|
过去完成时
|
I would rather you hadn’t told
him the truth that day.
|
与将来相反
|
一般过去时
|
I would rather you didn’t go
for the game tomorrow.
|
我宁可失去这个机会。I would rather I _____________________.
我宁愿你昨天输掉这场比赛。I would rather you ________________________
yesterday.
六、这一类型的虚拟语气可以用于一些固定结构，表达批评，责备和后悔语气。
结构
|
功能
|
句例
|
could/may/might have done
|
本可以/本能够…
（委婉批评）
|
You are late again. You could have
come earlier.
You might have been a little bit more careful.
|
should/ought to have done
|
本应该……
（强烈责备）
|
It’s your fault. You should have
apologized to him.
He should have done it better, but he didn’t it.
|
needn’t have done
|
本没必要……
（轻微抱怨）
|
It’s so near. We needn’t
have taken a taxi.
You needn’t have worried about that. It’s no
use.
|
would rather have done
|
本想要……
（后悔没做）
|
