阅读理解之细节理解题之代词指代
2012-05-27 17:31阅读：
阅读理解之细节理解题之代词指代
要求考生根据语境判断代词(this,
that, it, they, them,
one等)或代动词(do，does,
did等)究竟指代什么。题干中通常含有refer to。
此类题一般是在人物或事物关系比较复杂的情况下使用的一种题型，所以理清人物及事及事物之间的逻辑关系是关键所在。考虑单复数确定指代内容很重要。
1.返回原文，找出出题的指代词(it,they,them,this)。
2.向上搜索，找最近的名词、名词性短语或句子(就近原则
)。
it
指代单数可数名词或不可数名词也可指代一个句子, they/them指代复数名词 one指代单可数名词等, did/do/does指代一个动作。
3.将找到的词、词组或句子的意思代入替换该指代词，看其意思是否通顺。
4.将找到的词、词组或句子与四个选项进行比较，找出最佳答案
［解题方法］1.
准确理解划线部分代词所在的句子的意思。如果不能解决问题，那么还要准确理解该句子前一两个句子的意思。这是把握代词所指代的具体对象的前提。句子不能准确理解，要准确选出代词所指代的对象，可能性是非常小的。
2.
理解句子后，要将注意力放在划线代词所在句子的前半部分的名词或名词性短语上。如果不能解决问题，则应注意该句子前的一两个句子中的名词或名词性短语。
3.
如果四个选项中有一个选项或两个选项中的名词或名词性短语在相关句子中没有出现，一般地说，这一两个选项不可能是正确答案。因此，我们在对四个选项进行筛选时，应着重考虑相关句子中出现过的名词或名词性短语。当然，有时四个选项中的名词或名词性短语在相关句子中都出现了，那么我们只能逐一进行筛选。
4.
如果四个选项中均没有出现原文中的名词或名词性短语。那么，我们应推敲该划线代词指代的是原文中的哪个名词或名词性短语。确定后，再看原文中的相关名词或名词性短语与四选项中的哪个选项内容最为贴近。意思最贴近的选项则为正确答案。
5.
将确定的答案替代划线部分的代词，看句子的意思是否通顺，逻辑关系是否成立。
［例1］I
wrote my first poem at the age of four or five, my mother taking it
down to dictation. I cannot remember anything about it
except that it was about a tiger and the tiger had 'chairlike
teeth'-a good enough expression.（2006四川）
The underlined word 'it' in
Paragraph 2 refers to_____________.
A. the quantity of serious
writing B.
the writer’s first poem
C. the writer’s
childhood D. the tiger in the poem
剖析
该句子划线代词前的句子的意思是：我在四五岁时写了第一首诗，那是我母亲抄来让我听写的。我已记不清'它'的有关内容，除了......。相关句子部分中出现的名词或名词性短语有：my first
poem，my
mother。在四个选项中与my first poem，my
mother相联系的只有Ｂ。而该选项中的the
writer就是作者本人。将其替代划线的it：I cannot remember anything about my first
poem，意思是'我已记不清我写的第一首诗的有关内容'。该句子意思通顺，也符合上下文的逻辑性。故选项Ｂ为正确答案。
［例2］Many creative thinkers state that they have completely
devoted themselves to the subject matter of the problem, often over
fairly long periods of time. Indeed, it would be strange if they
had not done this.（2005天津）
What does the underlined word
'this' refer to_________.?
A. Great contributions to the
society. B. Longtime study of the subject matter.
C. Various statements about
problem solving. D. Complete devotion to artistic creation.
剖析:该部分的意思是：许多有创造性的思想家说，他们完全投入到了所研究的课题中，经常要花相当长的时间。的确，如果他们不这样做，倒是件奇怪的事。由于this所在的句子中没有名词或名词性短语，因此我们必须注意该句子前的句子。前面的句子中所出现的名词或名词性短语有：many creative
thinkers，the subject matter of the
problem，fairly long periods of
time。在四个选项中与上述名词性短语最靠近的是选项Ｂ：Longtime与原文中long periods of
time意思相近，the subject
matter与原文表达完全相同。将选项Ｂ的内容替代this：Indeed, it would be strange if they had not done
longtime study of the subject
matter。'的确，如果他们不花长时间地研究课题，倒是件奇怪的事。'
该句子意思通顺，也符合上下文的逻辑性。故选项Ｂ为正确答案。
［例3］Another strategy used at some well-known parks such as
Disneyland is for top managers to spend at least one day in their
work, touring the park dressed as Mickey Mouse or something like
that. This provides them with a perfect chance to examine
the scene and watch the customers without being
noticed.（2007安徽）
What does the word 'this'
underlined in the last sentence refer to?
A. Visiting
Disneyland. B. Wearing attractive clothes.
C. Acting Mickey
Mouse. D.
Dressing up and walking around.
(1)
As a woman, I feel unsafe here. I spend a bomb
on taxis because I will not take public transport after 10 p.m. I
used to use it, but now I’m afraid.
（。。。我花了很多钱坐出租车。或出租车费相当贵。。。）
The underlined part “it” (in
Para. 4) refers to ___.
A. a taxi
B. the money C. a bomb
D. public transport
(2) By the end of the
seventeenth century, when newspapers were beginning to be read by
more people, printed materials became an important way to promote
products and services. The London Gazette was the first newspaper
to set aside a place just for advertising. This was so
successful that by the end of the century several companies started
businesses for the purpose of making newspaper ads for
merchants.
What does the word “This” in
Paragraph 2 refer to? A. Advertising in
newspapers. B. Including pictures in
ads. C. Selling goods in markets.
D. Working with ad agencies.
(3) He was
judged unfit to return to sea and took a shore job in Glasgow for
the rest of the war. For as long as I can remember, he had a weak
heart. Mother said it was caused by the torpedoes. He said
it was because of the cigarettes. Whichever, he died suddenly in
his early 50s.
The underlined word “it” in
Paragraph 6 refers to the father’s ____.
A. weak heart
B. taking a
shore job
C. failure to return to sea
D. injury caused by a torpedo
(4) Within weeks of the race,
Henry Ford formed a new automobile company. In the 1903, a doctor
in Detroit bought the first car from the company. That sale
was the beginning of Henry Ford’s dream. Ford said: “I will build a
motor car for the great mass of people.”
“That sale” in
Paragraph 4 refers to ___.
A. the selling of Ford cars at
reduced prices B. the sale of Model T to the mass of
people
C. the selling of a car to a
Detroit doctor D. the sales
target for the Ford Company
（5） There are pressing calls
(紧迫的/迫切的号召)on the resources(资源)of the government. Using taxpayers’ money to help
a small number of people to earn high incomes in the future is not
one of them.
