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英语简单句的5种基本结构  主系表 双宾语 复合宾语

2015-11-01 22:15阅读：

http://blog.sina.cn/dpool/blog/u/1579941535

英语简单句的5种基本结构 主谓宾 主系表 双宾语复合宾语

本内容摘自《高中英语语法通霸》2016版
资料打包下载：http://pan.baidu.com/s/1dDqbKM9 http://pan.baidu.com/s/1sjqtsoX

考点精讲精练
正确的英语句子都要符合一定的语法结构要求。英语句子的结构可以归纳成五种基本句型。英语句子都可以看作是这五种句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装构成的。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础，也是学好其他语法知识的前提。
英语五种基本句型结构如下：
用符号表示为：
① Ｓ Ｖ （主＋谓）
 ② Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ （主＋谓＋宾）
③ Ｓ Ｖ ｏ Ｏ （主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）
 ④ Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ Ｃ （主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）

⑤ Ｓ Ｖ Ｐ （主＋系＋表）
主语（subject） 谓语（predicate）
 宾语（object） 定语（attribute）
 状语 (adverbial) 补语（complement）
 表语（predicative）
考点1. 基本句型一：Ｓ Ｖ （主＋谓）
这类句子的谓语动词都是不及物动词，都不带宾语，但可以带状语。如:
He cried. (Ｓ Ｖ)
The bus stopped. (Ｓ Ｖ)
Tom left yesterday. (Ｓ Ｖ)
It is raining now. (Ｓ Ｖ)
We have worked for 5 hours. (Ｓ Ｖ)
The meeting lasted half an hour. (Ｓ Ｖ)
练习1. 分析下列句子成分，并在后面括号内标明属于五种基本句型中的哪一种。
1. Dark clouds hung overhead. ( )
2. Gradually a smile appeared on her face. ( )
3. He is smiling all over his face. ( )
4. I did well in English. ( )
5. He talked loudly in the classroom yesterday. ( )
考点2. 基本句型二： Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ （主＋谓＋宾）
此结构是由“主语+及物动词（词组）+宾语”构成。
She likes English.
They play football.
We like swimming.
We planted a lot of trees on the farm yesterday.
练习2. 分析下列句子成分，并在后面括号内标明属于五种基本句型中的哪一种。
1. People all over the world speak English.
2. Jim cannot dress himself.
3. All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy.
4. He did not know what to say.
5. He just wanted to stay at home.
6. He practices speaking English every day.
7. They will stop working at eleven.
8. He is having supper at home now.
9. Have they got what they want?
10. Does he like playing the piano?
考点3. 基本句型三：ＳＶｏＯ (主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）
He gave me a book. 他给我了一本书。
“gave me”，me是gave的宾语。“gave a book”，book也是gave的宾语。这样gave就有两个宾语，一个表示人(me)，是间接宾语；一个表示物(book)，是直接宾语。
一般情况下，间接宾语位于直接宾语之前。
动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语。
如：He passed me a cup of tea. (Ｓ Ｖ ｏ Ｏ)
 She bought me some books. (Ｓ Ｖ ｏ Ｏ)
若直接宾语为人称代词，通常不能放在后面。如：
不能说 Bring me it, please.而要说Bring it to me, please.
有时候为了强调间接宾语，把间接宾语放到后面，于是就构成了：
动词 + 直接宾语 + 介词（to或for）+ 间接宾语。如：
He passed a cup of tea to me.
She bought some books for me.
Show this house to Mr. Smith.
间接宾语放后面时前面要加to的常见动词有：
allow, bring, deny, give, hand, leave, lend, offer, owe, pass, pay, permit, promise, read, refuse, sell, send, show, teach, tell, wish, write等。
间接宾语放后面时前面要加for的常见动词有：
buy, choose, fetch, get, make, order, paint, play(演奏), save, sing, spare等。
一般用to多些，用for的记住常用的三个就行：get, buy, make。
He got an English-Chinese Dictionary for me.
She bought a book for John.
My uncle made a kite for me.
练习3. 分析下列句子成分，说出间接宾语和直接宾语。
1. She ordered herself a new dress.
2. She cooked her husband a delicious meal.
3. He brought you a dictionary.
4. He denies her nothing.
5. I showed him my pictures.
6. I gave my car a wash.
7. I told him that the bus was late.
8. He showed me how to run the machine.
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