开放英语3复习重点（阅读部分）
2011-07-18 16:05阅读：
第四部分 阅读理解 短文理解1
There have been changes in all sorts of different areas of
British society. In recent years in the UK we have had a very large
increase in the number of couples who get divorced.
After 1969 and the Divorce Law Reform Act we had a very rapid
increase in the number of divorces. The rate increased steadily and
in recent years has increased much more rapidly. But there are also
quite a lot of people who do actually get married. At present the
marriage rate in the UK is about 70 per cent, which has gone down
since the number of people who marry has gone down quite a lot in
the last 20 years, but more significantly in the last 10 years.
Quite high proportions of people now live together without
marrying, and, for example, 40 per cent of children born in the UK
are born to couples who aren't married or are born to lone parents.
There are quite a large number of lone parent families, 90 per cent
of these are headed by a w
oman rather than a man.
The average family size now in the UK is 1.8 children per
couple, which means that there's been quite a decline in the birth
rate in the UK along with other European countries.
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. The declining divorce rate in the UK.
B. Trends in marriage and divorce in the UK.
C. The increasing divorce rate in the UK. √
2. During the last ten years, __________.
A. the marriage rate has gone down more rapidly in the UK
√
B. the marriage rate has gone up a lot in the UK
C. 40% of children were born to unwed couples in the
UK
3. According to the passage, the cohabitation rate in the UK
tends to __________.
A. soar (急剧上升) √
B. not mentioned in the passage
C. stay stable
4. According to the passage, which of the following
statements is NOT true?
A. The marriage rate has gone down in recent
years.
B. The highest divorce rate was around 1969. √
C. The marriage rate is currently 70 percent.
5. The last paragraph tells us __________.
A. the birth rate in the UK is increasing at the
moment
B. the birth rate in the UK is decreasing rapidly now
√
C. the birth rate in other European countries keeps
increasing
短文理解2
People all over the world today are beginning to hear and
learn more and more about the problem of pollution. Pollution is
caused either by man’s release of completely new and often
artificial (人造的) substances(物质) into the environment环境, or by
releasing greatly increased amounts of a natural substance
(物质)，such as oil from oil tankers into the sea.
Whatever its underlying reasons, there is no doubt that much
of the pollution caused could be controlled if only companies,
individuals and governments would make more efforts. In the home
there is an obvious need to control litter and waste. Food comes
wrapped up three of four times in packages that all have to be
disposed of(处理); drinks are increasingly sold in bottles or tins
which can’t be reused. This not only causes a litter problem, but
also is a great waste of resources, in terms of glass, metal and
paper. Advertising has helped this process by persuading many of us
not only to buy things we neither want nor need, but also to throw
away much of what we do buy. Pollution and waste combine to be a
problem everyone can help to solve by cutting out unnecessary
buying, excess use and careless disposal (处理) of the products we
use in our daily lives.
1. The main cause of pollution is __________.
A. the release of
artificial or natural substances into the environment
√
B. the production of
new industrial goods
C. increased amounts
of a natural substance
2. Much of the pollution could be controlled if only
__________.
A. farmers would use
less artificial fertilizers
B. governments would
take effective measures
C. all sides
concerned would make more efforts √
3. Food packages, bottles and tins for drinks can cause
__________.
A. air and water pollution
B. both a litter problem and a waster of resources
√
C. to pay for the service
4. Which of the following can not help solving the problem of
pollution?
A. Cutting out unnecessary buying.
B. Reduce excess use
C. Eating. √
5. What does the underlined word “litter” mean in paragraph
2?
A. Bits of waste things
B. serious problem
C. industrial pollution √
短文理解3
A funny thing happened on the way to the communication
revolution: we stopped talking to each other.
I was walking
in the park with a friend recently, and his mobile phone rang,
interrupting our conversation. There we were, walking and talking
on a beautiful sunny day and – poof! – I was cut off as if I had
become absent from the conversation.
The park was
filled with people talking on their cell phones. They were passing
people without looking at them, saying hello, noticing their babies
or stopping to pat their dogs. It seems that the limitless
electronic voice is preferred to human contact.
The telephone
used to connect you to the absent. Now it makes people feel absent.
Recently I was in a car with three friends. The driver hushed the
rest of us because he could not hear the person on the other end of
his cell phone. There we were, four friends driving down the
highway, unable to talk to each other because of the small thing
designed to make communication easier.
Why is it
that the more connected we get, the more disconnected I feel? Every
advance in communications technology is a setback (退步) to the
closeness of human interaction. With e-mail and instant message
over the Internet, we can now communicate without seeing or talking
to one another. With voice mail, you can make entire conversations
without ever reaching anyone. If my mom has a question, I just
leave the answer on her machine.
As almost
every contact between human beings gets automatic, the emotional
distance index goes up. Pumping gas at the station? Why say
good-morning to the assistant when you can swipe you credit card at
the pump and save yourself the bother of human contact? Making a
deposit at the bank? Why talk to the clerk who lives in the
neighborhood when you can put your card into the ATM?
More and
more, I find myself hiding behind e-mail to do a job meant for
conversation or being relieved that voice mail picked up because I
didn’t really have time to talk. The technology devoted to helping
me keep in touch is making me lonelier.
I own a
mobile phone, an ATM card, a voice-mail telephone, and an e-mail
account. Giving them up isn’t a choice. They are great for what
they are intended to do. It’s their unintended results that make me
upset. What good is all this gee-whiz technology if there is no one
in the room to hear you crying out “Gee whiz”?
1. The author’s experience of walking in a park with a friend
recently made him feel _____________.
A. unhappy √
B. funny
C. wonderful
2. According to the author, human contact in a park means
____________.
A. looking at each other and saying hello when
passing
B. noticing their babies and stopping to pat their
dogs
C. both A and B √
3. According to the author, the more connected we get in
communications technology, the ___________ we are.
A. more automatic
B. more disconnected √
C.
closer
4. What are the examples the author gives to explain his idea
that every advance in communications technology is a setback to the
closeness of human interaction?
A. With e-mail and instant message over the Internet, we can
now communicate without seeing or talking to one
another.
B. With voice mail, you can make entire conversations without
ever reaching anyone.
C. All of the above. √
5. What is the unintended result of communication technology,
according to the author?
A. It makes communication easier and conversation possible
everywhere.
B. It actually creates a distance between people instead of
bringing them together. √
C. It makes human contacts limitless with electronic voices
everywhere
短文理解4
Some people think they have an answer to the troubles of
automobile crowding and dirty air in large cities. Their answer is
the bicycle, or “bike”.
In a great many cities, hundreds of people ride bicycles to
work every day. In New York City, some bike riders have even formed
a group called Bike for a Better City. They claim that if more
people rode bicycles to work there would be fewer automobiles in
the downtown section of the city and therefore less dirty air from
car engines.
For several years this group has been trying to get the city
government to help bike riders. For example, they want the city to
draw bicycle lanes on some of the main streets, because when bike
riders have to use the same lanes as cars, there are accidents.
Bike for a Better City feels that if there were special lanes more
people would use bikes.
But no bicycle lanes have been drawn. Not everyone thinks it
is a good idea - they say it will slow traffic. Some store owners
on the main streets say that if there is less traffic, they will
have less business. And most people live too far from downtown to
travel by bike.
The city government has not yet decided what to do. It wants
to keep everyone happy. Only on weekends, Central Park is closed to
cars, and the roads may be used by bicycles only. But Bike for a
Better City says that this is not enough and keeps fighting to get
bicycle lanes downtown.
1. According to the passage, bicycles
____________.
A. are more
convenient than cars
B. are safer traffic
tools than cars
C. are the solution
to some city problems √
2. The idea
of special bicycle lanes is most favored by
____________.
A. the city
government
B. some bike riders √
C. some store
owners
3. “Bicycle lanes” in
the third paragraph probably means ______.
A. roads for bicycles
only
B. roads full of
bicycles
C. special parts of
the road for bicycle riders only √
4. Which of the following is
not true according to the passage?
A. In New York City, many people use bikes as they
have special lanes √
B. Sometimes accidents may occur when cars
and bikes are on the same lanes.
C. The Central Park
is closed to cars on weekends.
5. The best
title for this passage is ____________.
A. Traffic Crowding
in New York City
B. Special Lanes for
Passengers
C. Solution to Traffic
Problem in New York √
短文理解5
Benjamin Disraeli, the famous nineteenth century prime
minister, said, “London is not a city, - it is a nation.”
Today this is an understatement; London, with its vast range of
different ethnic groups, is a world.
Certainly, London is the most culturally diverse city in the
world. The city was founded by the Romans and since then
new arrivals have constantly added to its character and prosperity.
Within 10 years 40% of Londoners will be from ethnic minority
groups, including the growing number of Londoners of mixed ethnic
origin, but most of them will have been born in
Britain.
Children of Caribbean-Chinese marriages will go to school
with children of Russian-Irish couples. None of them will be
English but all of them will be Londoners.
Most of Britain's ethnic minority residents live in the
capital, speaking over 300 languages.
Nearly all of the African population and many of the
Caribbean population of Britain live in London (83% and 58%
respectively); 39% of the Chinese population of Britain and 36% of
the Asian population of Britain live in London.
The largest migrant community is from the Irish Republic with
256,000 people, 3.8% of the total population of
London.
There are an estimated 330,000 refugees and asylum seekers
living in London, with most recent arrivals coming from Eastern
Europe, North Africa and Kurdistan.
Young people, in particular, are skilled at dealing with a
large number of different and hybrid cultures.
They themselves often have several different ethnic
identities since their parents and grandparents may come from
several different backgrounds and their friends and partners do
also. They are “skilled cross-cultural travellers” without leaving
their home-town.
1．Why does the writer think that Benjamin Disraeli’s
statement is an understatement?
Because he thinks London is _________.
A. a miniature world
thanks to its great cultural diversity √
B. even larger than
some countries in the world
C. not a nation at
all
2. London is regarded as the most culturally diverse city in
the world due to the following facts EXCEPT that
_________.
A. within 10 years 40% Londoners will be from ethnic minority
groups
B. many young people are immigrants from different
backgrounds √
C. London accommodates about 330,000 refugees and asylum
seekers from many other countries
3. Ethnic minority groups will make up _________ of the
London population in the future.
A. 36% B. 40%
√
C. 39%
4. The last paragraph mainly tells us in London
_________.
A. young people feel at ease with a large number of
diversified cultures √
B. young people are raised in a multicultural
environment
C. young people find it hard to adapt themselves to hybrid
cultures
5. The passage mainly deals with _________.
A. the advantage of hybrid cultures in London
B. the composition of the population in London
C. the cultural diversity in London
√
短文理解6
Who will stage the games?
Preparing for the Olympics Games is a huge undertaking. Just
like the athletes, the host city spends years getting ready for the
event. Before deciding which city will host the Olympic Games, the
International Olympic Committee (IOC) has to examine bids from all
over the world. Bidding for the games begins about ten years in
advance. Without preparing a very strong bid1, a city will not win
the competition to host the games. Beijing was chosen for the 2008
games from five bidders — Osaka, Paris, Toronto and
Istanbul.2
Why does it take so long to prepare?
Building the infrastructure costs huge amounts of money.
Holding the World Cup in 2002 in Japan and South Korea, for
example, meant that ten new stadiums had to be built, as well as
many hotels and an improved transport system. In Beijing, after
winning the bid the government began major construction projects —
the extension of the underground, the improvement of the airport
and the building of new motorways3. Each host city must also build
an Olympic village for the athletes. By planting trees and creating
parks, the city becomes more attractive for tourists.
Why do countries want to host the Olympic Games?
Hosting the games has a major effect on the economy and
brings international prestige to the country. Thousands and
thousands of visitors come to the games and the host cities are
permanently improved.
1. Bidding for the Olympic Games usually starts ____________
before the games are really held.
A. two years
B. eight years
C. ten years √
2. Beijing was one of the _______ bidders for the
2008games.
A. five √
B.
four
C. three
3. The World Cup 2002 was held in _____________.
A. Japan
B. South Korea
C. A and B √
4. What construction projects did Beijing start after winning
the bid?
A. The extension of the underground.
B. The improvement of the airport.
C. The building of new motorways
D. All of the above √
5. Why do countries want to host the Olympic
Games?
A. Because it has a major effect on the economy.
B. Because it brings international prestige to the
country.
C. Because the host cities are permanently improved.
D. All of the above. √
阅读下列短文，并根据短文内容判断其后的句子是否正确（T）、错误（F），还是文字中没有涉及相关信息（NG）。
短文理解7
The ancient Olympic Games were part of a religious festival
in honour of the Greek god Zeus, the father of all Greek gods and
goddesses. The festival and games were held in Olympia, a religious
sanctuary. The athletes came to Olympia from all parts of the Greek
world, from as far as Spain in the west and Turkey in the
east.
The ancient Olympic Games began in the year 776 BC when
Koroibos, a cook from the city of Elis, won a 200-metre-long race.
They took place for a period of 617 years until the last games were
held in AD 393.
In the ancient games, athletes received prizes worth large
amounts of money. In fact the word “ athlete ” is an ancient Greek
word, meaning “ one who competes for a prize ”. Although women did
not compete in the games, there was a separate festival held at the
same time in honour of Hera, wife of Zeus. At this festival
unmarried girls competed in foot races.
The marathon was not an event of the ancient Olympic Games.
The marathon is a modern event that was first introduced in the
Olympic Games in 1896. It was named after a village called Marathon
where the Persians were defeated by a small Greek army. The news of
the victory was brought to Athens by soldier, who ran the 26 miles
from the village of Marathon to the capital. 26 miles was therefore
adopted as the distance of the modern marathon race.
The Olympic flag was introduced in 1908 and carries the
symbol of five linked rings. Which represent the five continents –
Africa, America, Asia, Australasia and Europe. The Olympic flame
was first carried in the 1932 Olympic Games in Los Angeles. There
was no torch relay in the ancient Olympic Games. The first torch
relay in the modern Olympic Games was staged in Berlin in
1936.
1. The ancient Greeks held the first Olympic Games in 617 BC.
F
2. The ancient Greeks held the Olympic Games for 393 years.
F
3. They did not allow women to compete in the ancient Olympic
Games. T
4. They first used the Olympic flag in 1908.
T
5. Both the Olympic Games and the Marathon Race are very
popular for old and young people in many countries of the world.
NG
短文理解8
Lily is 70 years old and she takes care of her 91-year-old
mother. She told us about caring for her mother.
I wake up early every day, it’s usually about 6.30 am, and
wait until I hear Tilly, my mum, moving about. Then I make her a
cup of tea. At about half past seven she gets up and we have
breakfast together. We normally just have toast, but on Sundays we
always have bacon and eggs. After breakfast she reads the
newspaper, then she sits by the window and waves to the neighbours
as they walk by.
She hardly ever goes out but she is very proud of her
personal appearance, so she goes to the hairdresser once a
month.
She doesn’t like being left on her own for very long, so I
always arrange for a neighbour to come and sit with her when I go
out. Now and again, my friend and neighbour, Joan, comes to spend
the day with her, and I can go and have lunch with another friend,
May, who lives in town.
I have a brother, Syd. He comes to stay two or three times a
year. He is very good and keeps in touch, but he lives 300 miles
away. Once a year, he collects mum and takes her to stay with him
in London for a week. She doesn’t really like going because it’s a
long journey, but I need the rest.
Sally, the nurse, comes to see mum regularly. My next-door
neighbour, Jack, often calls in. In the evening we usually
watch TV and we sometimes play cards. Mum is fantastic for her age.
But I can never decide to go anywhere spontaneously. I always have
to plan it, so I feel a bit trapped. But what is the alternative?
An old people’s home? I couldn’t do that to my mother.
1. Lily wakes before her mother. T
2. Joan sometimes spends the day with Lily’s mother.
T
3. Tilly is satisfied with her hairdresser.
NG
4. Lily’s brother comes to visit every three weeks.
F
5. Lily and her mother play cards more than they watch TV.
F
