2011年专业学位英语（二）试卷2
2011-05-20 10:58阅读：
Text 2
Whatever happened to the death of newspaper? A year ago the end
seemed near. The recession threatened to remove the advertising and
readers that had not already fled to the internet. Newspapers like
the San Francisco Chronicle were chronicling their own doom.
America’s Federal Trade commission launched a round of talks about
how to save newspapers. Should they become charitable corporations?
Should the state subsidize them ? It will hold another meeting
soon. But the discussions now seem out of date.
In much of the world there is the sign of crisis. German and
Brazilian papers have shrugged off the recession. Even American
newspapers, which inhabit the most troubled come of the global
industry, have not only survived but often returned to profit. Not
the 20% profit margins that were routine a few years ago, but
profit all the same.
It has not been much fun. Many papers stayed afloat by pushing
journalists overboard. The American Society of News Editors reckons
that
13,500 newsroom jobs have gone since 2007. Readers are paying more
for slimmer products. Some papers even had the nerve to refuse
delivery to distant suburbs. Yet these desperate measures have
proved the right ones and, sadly for many journalists, they can be
pushed further.
Newspapers are becoming more balanced businesses, with a healthier
mix of revenues from readers and advertisers. American papers have
long been highly unusual in their reliance on ads. Fully 87% of
their revenues came from advertising in 2008, according to the
Organization for Economic Cooperation & Development (OECD). In
Japan the proportion is 35%. Not surprisingly, Japanese newspapers
are much more stable.
The whirlwind that swept through newsrooms harmed everybody, but
much of the damage has been concentrated in areas where newspaper
are least distinctive. Car and film reviewers have gone. So have
science and general business reporters. Foreign bureaus have been
savagely cut off. Newspapers are less complete as a result. But
completeness is no longer a virtue in the newspaper business.
26. By saying “Newspapers like … their own doom” (Lines 3-4, Para.
1), the author indicates that newspaper .
[A]neglected the sign of crisis
[B]failed to get state subsidies
[C]were not charitable corporations
[D]were in a desperate situation
27. Some newspapers refused delivery to distant suburbs probably
because
.
[A]readers threatened to pay less
[B]newspapers wanted to reduce costs
[C]journalists reported little about these areas
[D]subscribers complained about slimmer products
28. Compared with their American counterparts, Japanese newspapers
are much more stable because they .
[A]have more sources of revenue
[B]have more balanced newsrooms
[C]are less dependent on advertising
[D]are less affected by readership
29. What can be inferred from the last paragraph about the current
newspaper business?
[A]Distinctiveness is an essential feature of newspapers.
[B]Completeness is to blame for the failure of newspaper.
[C]Foreign bureaus play a crucial role in the newspaper
business.
[D]Readers have lost their interest in car and film
reviews.
30. The most appropriate title for this text would be
.
[A]American Newspapers: Struggling for Survival
[B]American Newspapers: Gone with the Wind
[C]American Newspapers: A Thriving Business
[D]American Newspapers: A Hopeless Story
Text 3
We tend to think of the decades immediately following World War
II as a time of prosperity and growth, with soldiers returning home
by the millions, going off to college on the G. I. Bill and lining
up at the marriage bureaus.
But when it came to their houses, it was a time of common sense
and a belief that less could truly be more. During the Depression
and the war, Americans had learned to live with less, and that
restraint, in combination with the postwar confidence in the
future, made small, efficient housing positively stylish.
Economic condition was only a stimulus for the trend toward
efficient living. The phrase “less is more” was actually first
popularized by a German, the architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe,
who like other people associated with the Bauhaus, a school of
design, emigrated to the United States before World War II
and took up posts at American architecture schools. These
designers came to exert enormous influence on the course of
American architecture, but none more so that Mies.
Mies’s signature phrase means that less decoration, properly
organized, has more impact that a lot. Elegance, he believed, did
not derive from abundance. Like other modern architects, he
employed metal, glass and laminated wood-materials that we take for
granted today buy that in the 1940s symbolized the future. Mies’s
sophisticated presentation masked the fact that the spaces he
designed were small and efficient, rather than big and often
empty.
The apartments in the elegant towers Mies built on Chicago’s Lake
Shore Drive, for example, were smaller-two-bedroom units under
1,000 square feet-than those in their older neighbors along the
city’s Gold Coast. But they were popular because of their airy
glass walls, the views they afforded and the elegance of the
buildings’ details and proportions, the architectural equivalent of
the abstract art so popular at the time.
The trend toward “less” was not entirely foreign. In the 1930s
Frank Lloyd Wright started building more modest and efficient
houses-usually around 1,200 square feet-than the spreading
two-story ones he had designed in the 1890s and the early 20th
century.
The “Case Study Houses” commissioned from talented modern
architects by California Arts & Architecture magazine between
1945 and 1962 were yet another homegrown influence on the “less is
more” trend. Aesthetic effect came from the landscape, new
materials and forthright detailing. In his Case Study House, Ralph
everyday life – few American families acquired helicopters, though
most eventually got clothes dryers – but his belief that
self-sufficiency was both desirable and inevitable was widely
shared.
31. The postwar American housing style largely reflected the
Americans’ .
[A]prosperity and growth
[B]efficiency and practicality
[C]restraint and confidence
[D]pride and faithfulness
32. Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3 about
Bauhaus?
[A]It was founded by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe.
[B]Its designing concept was affected by World War II.
[C]Most American architects used to be associated with it.
[D]It had a great influence upon American architecture.
33. Mies held that elegance of architectural design .
[A]was related to large space
[B]was identified with emptiness
[C]was not reliant on abundant decoration
[D]was not associated with efficiency
34. What is true about the apartments Mies building Chicago’s Lake
Shore Drive?
[A]They ignored details and proportions.
[B]They were built with materials popular at that time.
[C]They were more spacious than neighboring buildings.
[D]They shared some characteristics of abstract art.
35. What can we learn about the design of the “Case Study
House”?
[A]Mechanical devices were widely used.
[B]Natural scenes were taken into consideration
[C]Details were sacrificed for the overall effect.
[D]Eco-friendly materials were employed.
Text 4
Will the European Union make it? The question would have sounded
strange not long ago. Now even the project’s greatest cheerleaders
talk of a continent facing a “Bermuda triangle” of debt, population
decline and lower growth.
As well as those chronic problems, the EU face an acute crisis in
its economic core, the 16 countries that use the single currency.
Markets have lost faith that the euro zone’s economies, weaker or
stronger, will one day converge thanks to the discipline of sharing
a single currency, which denies uncompetitive members the quick fix
of devaluation.
Yet the debate about how to save Europe’s single currency from
disintegration is stuck. It is stuck because the euro zone’s
dominant powers, France and Germany, agree on the need for greater
harmonization within the euro zone, but disagree about what to
harmonies.
Germany thinks the euro must be saved by stricter rules on borrow
spending and competitiveness, barked by quasi-automatic sanctions
for governments that do not obey. These might include threats to
freeze EU funds for poorer regions and EU mega-projects and even
the suspension of a country’s voting rights in EU ministerial
councils. It insists that economic co-ordination should involve all
27 members of the EU club, among whom there is a small majority for
free-market liberalism and economic rigour; in the inner core
alone, Germany fears, a small majority favour French
interference.
A “southern” camp headed by French wants something different:
”European economic government” within an inner core of euro-zone
members. Translated, that means politicians intervening in monetary
policy and a system of redistribution from richer to poorer
members, via cheaper borrowing for governments through common
Eurobonds or complete fiscal transfers. Finally, figures close to
the France government have murmured, curo-zone members should agree
to some fiscal and social harmonization: e.g., curbing competition
in corporate-tax rates or labour costs.
It is too soon to write off the EU. It remains the world’s
largest trading block. At its best, the European project is
remarkably liberal: built around a single market of 27 rich and
poor countries, its internal borders are far more open to goods,
capital and labour than any comparable trading area. It is an
ambitious attempt to blunt the sharpest edges of globalization, and
make capitalism benign.
36. The EU is faced with so many problems that
.
[A] it has more or less lost faith in markets
[B] even its supporters begin to feel concerned
[C] some of its member countries plan to abandon euro
[D] it intends to deny the possibility of devaluation
37. The debate over the EU’s single currency is stuck because the
dominant powers
.
[A] are competing for the leading position
[B] are busy handling their own crises
[C] fail to reach an agreement on harmonization
[D] disagree on the steps towards disintegration
38. To solve the euro problem ,Germany proposed that
.
[A] EU funds for poor regions be increased
[B] stricter regulations be imposed
[C] only core members be involved in economic co-ordination
[D] voting rights of the EU members be guaranteed
39. The French proposal of handling the crisis implies that
.
[A]poor countries are more likely to get funds
[B]strict monetary policy will be applied to poor countries
[C]loans will be readily available to rich countries
[D]rich countries will basically control Eurobonds
40. Regarding the future of the EU, the author seems to feel
[A]pessimistic
[B]desperate
[C]conceited
[D]hopeful
Part B
Directions:Read the following text and answer the questions by
finding information from the right column that corresponds to each
of the marked details given in the left column. There are two extra
choices in the right column. Mark your answer on ANSWER
In this section there is a text in English. Translate it into
Chinese, write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15points)
Who would have thought that, globally, the IT industry produces
about the same volumes of greenhouse gases as the world’s airlines
do-rough 2 percent of all CO2 emissions?
Many everyday tasks take a surprising toll on the environment. A
Google search can leak between 0.2 and 7.0 grams of CO2 depending
on how many attempts are needed to get the “right” answer. To
deliver results to its users quickly, then, Google has to maintain
vast data centres round the world, packed with powerful computers.
While producing large quantities of CO2, these computers emit a
great deal of heat, so the centres need to be well air-conditioned,
which uses even more energy.
However, Google and other big tech providers monitor their
efficiency closely and make improvements. Monitoring is the first
step on the road to reduction, but there is much to be done, and
not just by big companies.
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