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【英语笔记】动词短语构成。。。

2017-04-03 14:37阅读:
英语中有许多短语动词在意义上是一个整体,其用法有的相当于及物动词,有的相当于不及物动词,有的兼有及物动词和不及物动词的特征。英语短语动词即动词词组的构成主要有一下几种:
(一)动词+介词/副词
●account for 说明
account of ... 的说明
●act as 担任,充当
act on 照……行事 ●add...to... 把……加到……上
add...up(两个或两个以上的数或量)加起来
●agree to 同意(计划、建议、安排等)
agree with 同意、赞成(某
人的观点、想法等)
agree on 在……上取得一致意见,同意商定(问题、条件)
●arrive in/at... 到达
●ask about 询问,问
ask for 要求
●back down/off 放弃对某事物的要求;屈服
back up 支持或鼓励某人
●belong to 属于
●blow out 被风等熄灭
blow up 爆炸;被炸坏
●break down(机械)失灵;(身体)搞垮;瓦解;分解
break up(群体中成员)解散;(婚姻)破裂
break into 强行进入某处;突然开始
break off 停止讲话;中断;折断
break out 爆发
●bring down 使某人失败;降低或减少
bring up 培养,养育;呕吐;提出
bring about 导致;使发生
●burst into (doing sth.)突然而猛烈地产生……
burst out (doing sth.)突然开始做某事
●call at 拜访(某地)
call on 拜访(某人)
call for 要求或需要某事物
call up 打电话;想起,回忆
●carry off 赢得某物
carry on 继续
carry out 实施,执行,完成,实现
●check in 办理登记手续
check out 办理付账或退房手续
●clear off 付清某物的款
clear up(天气)转晴;收拾,清理;露出喜悦表情
●come across 被理解;偶然遇见
come after 追赶或追逐某人
come down 坍塌;(雨、雪)落下;(温度等)下降
come out 出现;出版或发表
come up(植物)长出地面;(太阳)升起;发生;被提及
●cut down 砍倒;删减;减少
cut off 切断(供应);阻碍或阻断某事物
cut through 开出一条路
cut up 切碎
●do with 利用,忍受,需要
do without 免除,不用;没有……也行
●die away(风、声音)渐息,渐弱;(树木等)凋零,枯萎
die down 变弱,逐渐停止,渐渐消失
die of/from 死于……
die out 灭绝,逐渐消失
●draw into(车、船)驶进,开到
draw off 撤退;排除(水)
draw on 戴上,利用,临近
●give in 屈服,让步,交上
give off 发出(蒸汽、光等)
give out 分发;发出(气味、热);发表;筋疲力尽
give up 放弃(念头等);抛弃
●get back 恢复;找回
get down 吞下,写下;使沮丧
get in 进入;收获
get off 脱下;出发,动身;下车
get on 融洽相处,进展,(使)前进,上车
get over 克服,熬过
●go after 追求,追逐
go against 违反,不利于
go down 下沉,坠落,下降,传下去
go off 离开,去世,消失,爆炸
go on 继续
go over (对……进行)仔细检查,复习
go through 通过,经历
go away 离开
●grow into 成长为
grow up 长大,成人,崛起
●hand in 交上
hand out 把……拿出来,分发
hand over 移交
●hold back 阻止,抑制,隐瞒
hold on 继续,不挂断,停止
hold out 伸出,提供,维持
hold up 举起,支撑,阻挡,拦截
●join in 参加,加人
join up 参军,联合起来
●keep down 镇压,缩减
keep from 隐瞒,阻止,抑制
keep off 让开,不接近
keep on 继续,穿着……不脱
keep out 使在外
keep up 不低落,维持,继续
●knock into 撞上
knock down 击倒,撞到
●live by 以……为生
live on 继续生活,以……为主食,靠……生活
live through 度过,经受过
●look about 四处察看;四处寻找
look after 关心;照顾
look at 看;考虑;着眼于
look back 回顾,追忆
look into 调查;向……里看;观察
look on 观看;旁观;看待
look out 小心,留神
look through 看穿,浏览,彻底审查
look up 向上看;尊敬;查寻;好转
look for 寻找
●make from 由……制造
make into 把……制成
make out 说明;设法应付;了解;辨认出
make up 弥补;虚构;和解;化妆 ●run about 到处跑
run across 偶然遇到
run after 追逐,追踪
run away 逃走,逃脱
run down (用车)撞倒,逐渐停止
run into 碰撞,偶然遇到,碰上(困难、麻烦)
●set about 开始做;着手处理
set aside 宣告无效;废止
set down 放下,搁下,记下
set off 出发,动身;使爆炸;使爆发
set down to 认真地开始做某事
set up 建立,成立
set out 着手;开始旅程
●supply sb. with sth. 提供某人某物
supply sth. to sb. 提供某人某物
●see about 注意;安排;处理
see off 为某人送行
see out 送某人到门口;熬过
see over 检查,查看
see to 注意,留意,关照
●stand for 代表,象征
stand by 袖手旁观
stand off 疏远,避开
stand out 耸出,清晰地显示
●show around 带……参观
show off 炫耀,卖弄
show up 清晰可见的;露面,到达
●take after 长得像
take back 撤销;同意收回
take for 当作,误以为
take in 收留;了解;欺骗
take off 脱掉,(飞机)起飞
take on 雇佣;开始显现;承担
take out 拔掉;带……出去
●tell apart 区分开
tell…from… 区分
●turn away 把……打发走;解雇;驱逐
turn back 折回,往回走;翻起,折转
turn down 降低,减弱;拒绝
turn in 上交,陈述
turn off 关掉;使讨厌
turn on 打开,开启;显露出,流露出
turn out 生产,产出;证实,结果;赶出
turn over 翻转,翻滚,翻身,考虑,移交
turn to 转向,求助于,变成
turn up 开大,找到,出现,到达
(二)过去分词+介词(常与连系动词连用)
be absorbed in 全神贯注于
be accustomed to 习惯于
be amused at 以……为乐,对……觉得有趣
be applied to 适用于,应用于
be ashamed of 感到羞愧,惭愧
be born with 生而具有
be caused by 由……引起
be concerned with 参与,干预
be covered with 覆盖,盖着
be dressed in 穿着
be engaged in 从事于……
be engaged to 与某人订婚
be equipped with 装备
be fed up 吃得过饱,极厌倦
be filled with 填满
be frightened of 害怕,对……感到恐惧
be furnished with 提供,布置
be involved in 涉及,专心
be interested in 对……有兴趣
be joined to 连接,结合
be known as 被认为是,因……而知名
be known for 因……而众所周知
be known to 为……所知
be made into 被制成,使成为
be made up of 由……构成
be married to 与……结婚
be pleased with 对……喜欢,满意
be prepared for 准备好
be satisfied with 对……满意
be tired of 对……厌烦
(三)动词+名词+介词
catch sight of 看见,瞧见
catch hold of 抓住
devote oneself to 献身于,专心于
do harm to 对……危害
do wrong to 冤枉,委屈
feel pity for 对……感到怜悯
fix one's eyes on 凝视
form the habit of 养成……的习惯
get in touch with 同……取得联系
get rid of 除去,摆脱
give advice on 提出……建议
have none of 不允许,不接受
have (no)difficulty in (没)有困难
have a word with 同……谈话
have trouble in 在……有麻烦
have words with 与……争吵
have effect on 对……有(深远)影响
have mercy on 同情,怜悯
have pity on 同情
have the honour of 有幸……
help oneself to 请吃;自用
make fun of 取笑
make full use of 充分利用
make an apology to 向……道歉
make one's way to 走向
make preparations for 准备
make room for 为……留地方
pay attention to 注意
put one's heart and soul into 全神贯注于
set fire to 放火
show respect for 尊敬
say good-bye/hello to 向……道别/打招呼
shake hands with 握手
take pride in 因……而自豪
take part in 参加
take delight in 以……为乐
take a message for 捎个口信
(四)动词+副词+介词
add up to 总计为
break away from 与……脱离关系
be up to 应由……;忙于……
catch up with 赶上
come up to 达到(标准),比得上
do well in 在……做得好
drop in on sb. 顺便来访某人
do away with 废除
face up to 面对,承担
get through with 完成,花光
get down to 开始认真做
get on/along with 进展,相处
get out of 从……中出来,摆脱
go on with 继续
go in for 参加,爱好
keep away from 与……脱离关系,改掉
keep up with 跟上
look up to 仰望,尊敬
look back upon 回顾
look down upon 轻视,不重视
look forward to 盼望
put up with 忍受,容忍
run out of 用完
think highly of 高度评价
(五)动词+介词+名词
burst into tears 突然大哭
burst into laughter 突然大笑
come into effect 生效
come into use 开始使用,实施
come into force 开始有效,开始实施,生效
come into being 产生,建立
get into trouble 陷入麻烦
make up one's mind 下决心
put into power 使执政,使上台
put into practice 实行,实现
put on air 装腔作势
put on weight 体重增加
set to work 开始工作
take on a new look 呈现新面貌
(六)动词+形容词
set free 释放
cut open 割开
leave open 让……开着
tear open 撕开


注:曾经的英语笔记,有空再整理。

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