哲学家康德的墓志铭：头顶上灿烂星空，道德律在我心
2009-11-06 22:51阅读：
“世界上有两件东西能够深深地震撼人们的心灵，
一件是我们心中崇高的道德准则，
另一件是我们头顶上灿烂的星空。”
康德的墓志铭:
位我上者，灿烂星空；
道德律令，在我心中。
德文原版:
“Zwei Dinge erfuellen das Gemuet mit immer neuer und
zunehmender Bewunderung und Ehrfurcht, je oefter und anhaltender
sich das Nachdenken damit beschaeftigt: der bestirnte Himmel ueber
mir und das moralische Gesetz in mir.”
不同的中文译本：
有两种东西，我们愈是时常愈加反复地思索，
它们就愈是给人的心灵灌注了时时翻新，
有增无减的赞叹和敬畏
——头上的星空和心中的道德法则。
有两样东西，我们愈经常愈持久地加以思索，它们就愈使心灵充满始终新鲜不断增长的景仰和敬畏：在我之上的星空和居我心中的道德法则。
有二事焉，常在此心，敬而畏之；与日俱新：上则为星辰，内则为德法。
不同的英文译本
Two things fill me with constantly increasing
admiration and awe, the longer and more earnestly I reflect on
them: the starry heavens without and the moral law
within.
Two things fill the heart with renewed and increasing awe and
reverence the more often an
d the more steadily that they are meditated on: the starry skies
above me and the moral law inside me.
Two things fill the mind with ever new and increasing
wonder and awe —the starry heavens above me and the moral law
within me.
In what may be his single most famous passage, the first
sentence of which was even inscribed on his tombstone, Immanuel
Kant concluded his Critique of Practical Reason (1788) thus: 'Two
things fill the mind with ever new and increasing admiration and
awe, the more often and steadily we reflect upon them: the starry
heavens above me and the moral law within me. I do not seek or
conjecture either of them as if they were veiled obscurities or
extravagances beyond the horizon of my vision; I see them before me
and connect them immediately with the consciousness of my
existence. The first starts at the place that I occupy in the
external world of the senses, and extends the connection in which I
stand into the limitless magnitude of worlds upon worlds, systems
upon systems, as well as into the boundless times of their periodic
motion, their beginning and continuation. The second begins with my
invisible self, my personality, and displays to me a world that has
true infinity, but which can only be detected through the
understanding, and with which . . . I know myself to be in not, as
in the first case, merely contingent, but universal and necessary
connection. The first perspective of a countless multitude of
worlds as it were annihilates my importance as an animal creature,
which must give the matter out of which it has grown back to the
planet (a mere speck in the cosmos) after it has been (one knows
not how) furnished with life-force for a short time.'
有两种事物，我们愈是沉思，愈感到它们的崇高与神圣，愈是增加虔敬与信仰，这就是头上的星空和心中的道德律。
头顶上的灿烂星空，示我们以宇宙的无垠，让我们体会自身的渺小，感悟现象界的短暂；仰望苍穹，造物主的博大启示物如的了义，引领我们接近天地的大光明，证会生命的真谛，吾人乃以造化所赐的智的直觉体证心灵中的道德律，躬自践行，以意志的自主从自然走向自由。
由此，头上的星空不仅仅启迪知识的惊奇，更是物如之体的示相，她灵运世界之网，妙演宇宙创生，以宇宙之造化昭示神谕、开启诫命。万象为宾客，宇宙的寥廓与神的光引导吾人心中的灵明，接近崇高，走向神圣。在参天地之化育中，乃能顿悟：体相不二，物我一如！心、神、及宇宙，是三无差别！
人之异于禽兽者几希，吾人道德之根基立于何处？是基于功利的算计、权智的机巧，还是大本大原的体悟？！是基于关于幸福的成本收益，还是本乎德性圆成的愿望？道德是大本大原之呈现，发乎吾人之本心，是宇宙与神启示于人的绝对律令。普遍立法、意志自由、人是目的，我们之为善去恶本乎生命的理性，根于性智的证会而非量智即理智的推演。
人类因思辨理性而获得知识，培根一语'知识就是力量'唤起人们戡天役物的自信而至于狂妄，康德老人告诫道：现象界是妄非真，而德性就是力量，实践理性的自主所导向的德性的圆成才是生命的超越之路，才能真正实现人类的大自由。
为此，让我们时时仰望苍穹，铭记康德老人的诫命：头顶上灿烂星空，道德律在我心中！
