最早译成汉语的英语诗歌 A Psalm of Life (《人生颂》)又译
2011-10-09 16:14阅读:
钱钟书曾经说,朗费罗知道他的A Psalm of
Life被译成了汉语,但是他可能并没有想到他的诗歌竟然早于莎士比亚和但丁的诗歌早早的进入了汉语。“西洋的大诗人很多,第一个介绍到中国来的偏偏是朗费罗。朗费罗的好诗或较好的诗也不少,第一首译为中文的便便是《人生颂》。那可算是文学交流史对文学教授和评论家们的小小嘲讽或挑衅了!”
该诗是在诗人的妻子去世以后写成的,是一首慷慨激昂、催人奋进、乐观向上的人生颂歌。诗人对“死亡”进行了新的阐释,相信人有来世。以第一人称的手法直接对话读者,激励读者为目标而奋斗。
该诗微观简析如下。
一)全诗共九节,每节四行,四行音节组合顺序为“8音节+7音节+8音节+7音节”(an
eight syllable line followed by a seven syllable
line),韵为“abab”式,即隔行交替押韵。
二)诗人在诗中假象了两个人物:青年(the young man)和诗人/歌者(the
Psalmist)。
三)修辞手法的运用
(一)头韵(Alliteration)。如“For the soul is dead that slumbers”,“And the
grave is not its goal”,“Was not spoken of the soul”,“In the world's
broad field of battle”。
(二)典故(Allusion)。如“Dust thou are,to dust thou
returnest”出自Book of Common Prayer;“Art is lon
g, time is fleeting”引用了“Art is long, life is short”这句谚语。
(三)
比喻(Metaphor and Simile)。在“in the bivouac of life”中,诗人将人生暗喻成宿营;在“Be
not like dumb, driven cattle.”中将人比做了哑畜。
又译:
人生颂
A
Psalm of Life
—— 年轻人对诗人的心语
WHAT THE HEART OF THE YOUNG MAN
SAID TO THE
PSALMIST
I
莫用哀伤的诗句告诉我:Tell
me
not, in
mournful
numbers,
“人生虚幻本是梦!” 'Life
is
but
an
empty
dream!'
沉睡的性灵无异于死亡,
For
the
soul
is
dead
that
slumbers,
事物又怎会表里恒常。
And
things
are
not
what
they
seem.
II
人生真!人生诚!
Life
is
real!
Life
is
earnest!
它的归宿不是坟; And
the
grave
is
not
its
goal;
“本是尘土,终归尘土”,
'Dust
thou
art,
to
dust returnest,'
那是人身,而不是灵魂。 Was
not
spoken
of
the
soul.
III
我们生来的目标和道路 Not enjoyment, and not sorrow,
不是享乐,或是伤悲; Is
our
destined
end
or
way;
而是行动,让每个明天 But
to
act, that
each
to-morrow
超越今天,更有进步。 Find
us
farther
than
to-day.
IV
艺业无涯,时光飞逝; Art
is
long, and
Time
is
fleeting,
人心,纵然勇敢坚强,
And
our
hearts,
though
stout
and brave,
仍如鼙鼓,
闷声地
Still,
like
muffled
drums,
are
beating
敲着哀乐渐入九泉。 Funeral
marches
to
the
grave.
V
在世界广阔的战场,
In
the
world's
broad
field
of
battle,
在人生征途的露营; In
the
bivouac
of
life,
莫如牛羊任人驱策, Be
not
like
dumb, driven
cattle!
当做一名奋斗的英雄! Be
a
hero
in
the
strife!
VI
莫希冀未来,纵然是可爱的未来!
Trust
no
Future,
howe'er
pleasant!
让往事随时光湮灭! Let
the
dead
Past
bury
its
dead!
行动,在活生生的现在行动! Act,
--
act
in
the
living
Present!
胸怀赤心,上赖天佑! Heart
within,
and
God
o'evhead!
VII
千秋伟人昭示着我们:
Lives
of
great
men
all
remind
us
我们能够出众超群。
We
can
make
our
lives
sublime,
纵然离去,留在身后的是: And,
departing,
leave
behind
us
印在时间泥砂上的踪痕; Footprints
on
the
sand
of
time;
VIII
或有别的弟兄,
Footprints, that
perhaps
another,
泛舟于严峻的人生海洋, Sailing
o'er
life's
solemn
main,
遇险而心感凄凉,
A
forlorn
and
shipwrecked
brother,
见踪重拾勇气和希望。
Seeing,
shall
take
heart
again.
IX
那么,就让我们行动起来, Let
us, then, be
up
and
doing,
胸怀一颗敢于担戴的心; With a heart for any fate;
不断进取,日日追寻, Still achieving, still pursuing,
善于等待,勤于耕耘。 Learn to labor and to wait.
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
(1807-1882)
A PSALM OF LIFE
WHAT
THE HEART OF THE YOUNG MAN
SAID TO THE PSALMIST
TELL me not, in
mournful numbers,
Life is but an empty dream !
—
For the soul is dead that slumbers,
And things are not what they
seem.
Life is real !
Life is earnest!
And the grave is not its goal
;
Dust thou art, to dust returnest,
Was not spoken of the
soul.
Not enjoyment,
and not sorrow,
Is our destined end or way ;
But to act, that each to-morrow
Find us farther than
to-day.
Art is long,
and Time is fleeting,
And our hearts, though stout and
brave,
Still, like muffled drums, are beating
Funeral marches to the
grave.
In the world's
broad field of battle,
In the bivouac of Life,
Be not like dumb, driven cattle !
Be a hero in the strife
!
Trust no
Future, howe'er pleasant !
Let the dead Past bury its dead
!
Act,— act in the living Present !
Heart within, and God o'erhead
!
Lives of great
men all remind us
We can make our lives
sublime,
And, departing, leave behind us
Footprints on the sands of time
;
Footprints,
that perhaps another,
Sailing o'er life's solemn
main,
A forlorn and shipwrecked brother,
Seeing, shall take heart
again.
Let us, then,
be up and doing,
With a heart for any fate ;
Still achieving, still pursuing,
Learn to labor and to
wait.
|
董恂译诗
莫将烦恼著诗篇
百岁原如一觉眠
梦短梦长同是梦
独留真气满乾坤
天地生材总不虚
由来豹死伤留皮
纵然出土总归土
灵性常存无绝期
无端忧乐日相循
天命斯人自有真
人法天行强不息
一时功业一时新
无术挥戈学鲁阳
枉谈肝胆异寻常
一从薤露歌声起
丘陇无人宿草荒
扰扰红尘听鼓鼙
风吹大漠草萋萋
驽骀甘待鞭笞下
骐骥谁能辔勒羁
休道将来乐有时
可怜往事不堪思
只今有力均须努
人力殚时天祐之
千秋万代远蜚声
学步金鳌须上行
已去冥鸿亦有迹
雪泥爪印认分明
茫茫尘世海中沤
才过来舟又去舟
欲问失帆谁挽救
沙洲遗迹可追求
一鞭从此跃征鞍
不到峰头心不甘
日进日高还日上
肯教中道偶停骖
|
董恂并不通英文,译诗中难免有这样那样的误译。他所依据的不是朗费罗的原诗,而是威妥玛的译文。严格的来说,董恂的译文更是“拟作”。不过,部分译文在汉语中倒是具有显然的互文性。“雪泥爪印认分明”借用了苏轼《和子由渑池怀旧》中的名句,“
人生到处知何似?应似飞鸿踏雪泥。泥上偶然留爪印,鸿毛那复计东西。老僧已死成新塔,坏壁无由见旧题。往日崎岖君记否;路长人困蹇驴嘶。”关汉卿《玉镜台》第二折里男角看见女角在“沙土上印上的脚踪儿”,就说:“幸是我来得早!若来的迟呵,一阵风吹了这脚踪而去。”但是,钱钟书说这一翻译和下面的译文“沙洲遗迹可追求”对不上口。
威妥玛引起了董恂对诗歌的兴趣,《人生颂》“点着了他的诗火”。此外,方濬师说翻译那首“长友诗”是要引诱和鼓励外国人学习中文,接受中国文化,“夷而进于中国则中国之”。