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牛津版M5U2学案四：Grammar: V-ing形式

2010-09-07 21:59阅读：

http://blog.sina.cn/dpool/blog/u/1626886912

I、Grammar explanation
V-ing形式又分为动名词及现在分词。
1、动名词的句法功能：
①、作主语：
Reading aloud is very helpful. 朗读是很有好处的。
Collecting stamps is interesting. 集邮很有趣。
当动名词短语作主语时常用it作形式主语。
It’s no use quarrelling.争吵是没用的。
②、作表语：
In the ant city, the queen’s job is laying eggs. 在蚂蚁王国，蚁后的工作是产卵。
③、作宾语：
They haven’t finished building the dam. 他们还没有建好大坝。
We have to prevent the air from being polluted. 我们必须阻止空气被污染。
注意动名词既可作动词宾语也可作介词宾语，如上面两个例句。此外，动名词作宾语
时，若跟有宾语补足语，则常用形式宾语it，例如：
We found it no good making fun of others. 我们发现取笑他人不好。
★要记住如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语：resist(抵抗)，mind(介意)，suggest(建议)，delay(推迟)，keep(on) (保持)，look forward to (期昐)，enjoy(喜欢)，include(包括)，appreciate(欣赏)，imagine(想象)，practise(实践)，finish(完成)，consider(考虑)，can’t help(不禁)，miss(错过) 以上动词及短语可以通过口诀进行记忆：
抗议（意）推辞（迟）昐喜报，心（欣）想事（实）成考不错。
④、作定语：
He can’t walk without a walking-stick. 他没有拐杖不能走路。
Is there a swimming pool in your school? 你们学校有游泳池吗？
⑤、作同位语：
The cave, his hiding-place is secret. 那个山洞，他藏身的地方很秘密。
His habit, listening to the news on the radio remains unchanged．
他收听收音机新闻节目的习惯仍未改变。
2、现在分词的句法功能：
①、作定语：现在分词作定语，当分词单独做定语时，放在所修饰的名词前；如果是分词短语做定语放在名词后。
In the following years he worked even harder. 在后来的几年中，他学习更努力了。
The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor’s father.正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。
现在分词作定语相当于一个定语从句的句法功能，如：in the following years也可用in the years that followed; the man speaking to the teacher可改为the man who is speaking to the teacher.
②、现在分词作表语：
The film being shown in the cinema is exciting. 正在这家上演的电影很棒。
The present situation is inspiring. 当前的形势鼓舞人心。
be + doing既可能表示现在进行时，也可能是现在分词做表语，它们的区别在于be + doing表示进行的动作是进行时，而表示特征时是系动词be与现在分词构成系表结构。
③、作宾语补足语：如下动词后可跟现在分词作宾语补足语：see, let, make, listen, hear, have, watch, notice, feel, look at等。例如：
Can you hear her singing the song in the next room? 你能听见她在隔壁唱歌吗？
以上动词同样也可以通过口诀进行记忆：
三让（make, let, have），三看(see, look at, watch)，两听(listen to, hear)，注意感觉(notice, feel)
④、现在分词作状语：
a.作时间状语：(While) Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker.
在工厂工作时，他是一名先进工人。
b.作原因状语：
Being a League member, he is always helping others. 由于是共青团员，他经常帮助他人。
c.作方式状语，表示伴随：
He stayed at home, cleaning and washing. 他呆在家里，又擦又洗。
d.作条件状语：
(If) Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time.
要是整天玩，你就会浪费宝贵的时间。
e.作结果状语：
He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces. 他把杯子掉了，结果摔得粉碎。
f.作目的状语：
He went swimming the other day. 几天前他去游泳了。
g.作让步状语：
Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon. 虽然雨下得很大，但不久天就晴了。
h.与逻辑主语构成独立主格：
I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my head．我等汽车时，一只鸟落到我头上。
All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly.
所有的票已经卖光了，他们失望地离开了。
Time permitting, we’ll do another two exercises. 如果时间允许，我们将做另两个练习。
有时也可用with (without) +名词（代词宾格）+分词形式。
With the lights burning, he fell asleep. 他点着灯睡着了。
i.作独立成分：
Judging from(by) his appearance, he must be an actor. 从外表看，他一定是个演员。
Generally speaking, girls are more careful. 一般说来，女孩子更细心。
II、Multiple choice
1. in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring.
A. To walk B. Walking C. Walked D. Having walked
2. in the queue for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car.
A. Waiting B. To wait C. Having waited D. To have waited
3. that he was in great danger, Eric walked deeper into the forest.
A. Not realized B. Not to realize C. Not realizing D. Not to have realized
4. My sister, an inexperienced rider, was found sitting on the bicycle to balance it.
A. having tried B. trying C. to try D. tried
5. I can’t stand with Jane in the same office. She just refuses talking while she was working.
A. working; stopping B. to work; stopping C. working; to stop D. to work; to stop
6. Tom’s never willing to alter any of his opinions. It’s no use with him.
A. to argue B. arguing C. argued D. having argued
7. The storm left, a lot of damage to this area.
A. caused B. to have caused C. to cause D. having caused
8. , the more expensive the camera, the better its quality.
A. General speaking B. Speaking general C. Generally speaking D. Speaking generally
9. I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise .
A. going on B. goes on C. went on D. to go on
10. He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldn’t risk the good opportunity.
A. to lose B. losing C. to be lost D. being lost
11. for many years, the two brothers can’t recognize each other.
A. Being separated B. Having separated C. Having been separated D. To be separated
12. The manager, it clear to us that he didn’t agree with us, left the meeting room.
A. who has made B. having made C. made D. making
13. I really can’t understand her like that.
A. you treat B. you to treat C. why treat D. you treating
14. Don’t leave the water while you brush your teeth.
A. run B. running C. being run D. to run
15. According to a recent survey, children spend up to 25 hours a week TV.
A. to watch B. to watching C. watching D. watch
16. The man insisted a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby.
A. find B. to find C. on finding D. in finding
17. He looked around and caught a man his hand into the pocket of a passenger.
A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting
18. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found in the kitchen.
A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked
19. The discovery of new evidence led to .
A. the thief having caught B. catch the thief
C. the thief being caught D. the thief to be caught
20. Though money, his parents managed to send him to university.
A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in
21. I really appreciate to relax with you on this nice island.
A. to have had time B. having time C. to have time D. to having time
22. Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to some schools for poor children.
A. set up B. setting up C. have set up D. having set up
23. made her very happy.
A. Her parents will come B. Her parents to come C. Her parents came D. Her parents’ coming
24. The girl was last seen near the park.
A. missing; playing B. missing; play C. missed; play D. missed; to play
25. Tony was very unhappy for to the party.
A. having not been invited B. not having invited
C. having not invited D. not having been invited
26. When he was young, he used to go there and watch .
A. to repair bikes B. bikes to be repaired C. bikes being repaired D. repairing bikes
27. What worried the boy most was to go to school.
A. his not allowing B. his not being allowed C. his being not allowed D. having not been allowed
28. Slowly she opened the letter, .
A. her hands slightly trembling B. trembling her hands slightly
C. her hands trembled slightly D. slightly her hands were trembled
29. —What do you think of the book?
　 —Oh, excellent. It’s worth a second time.
A. to read B. to be read C. reading D. being read
30. The old man told the story in a voice and the little girl felt very .
A. frightening; frightened B. frightened; frightening
C. frightening; frightening D. frightened; frightened
31. —Did you tell her the news?
　—No, of course not.
　—But from what she said, she must have known about it.
A. judge B. judged C. being judged D. judging
32. of danger in the street at night, she had to go home, with a friend her.
A. Warned; followed B. Warning; following
C. Having been warned; following D. Having been warned; followed
33. full preparations, we decided to put off the meeting till next week.
A. Not being made B. Having not made C. Making not D. Not having made
34. to give up smoking, he threw away his cigarettes.
A. Determined; remained B. Determined; remaining
C. Determining; remained D. Determining; remaining
35. Have you forgotten a ruler from Betty? Please remember it to her tomorrow.
A. borrowing; to return B. borrowing; returning
C. to borrow; to return D. to borrow; returning
36. —We didn’t find the Blacks the lecture.
　　—No one had told them about a lecture the following day.
A. attended; there to be B. attending; there being
C. attend; there was D. to attend; there be
III. Fill in the blanks using the proper forms of the verbs.
1. (see) the teacher enter the classroom, all the students stood up.
2. The hunter left the forest, with his dog (follow) him.
3. I caught her (smoke) in the classroom.
4. (look) out of the window from the tall building, you can have a good view of the city.
5. Last time, I entered his room, he lay in bed, (listen) to the music.
6. (send) the children to school, she got ready to go to work.
7. (not receive) any replies from him, he decided to write another letter.
8. The picture (hang) on the wall at the moment is painted by my son.
9. (enter) the room, she found all the people were waiting for her.
10. After (admit) to the university, he had to go through an examination.
IV. Use V-ing form to rewrite the following sentences
1. When you look around the ancient city wall, you can see some signs of the ancient civilization.
, you can see some signs of the ancient civilization.
2. The ancestors of that great nationality built thick high walls around their city, because they wanted to keep their enemies and cold northwest wind away.
The ancestors of that great nationality built thick high walls around their city,
their enemies and cold northwest wind away.
3. After he finished all his homework, he went to bed.
all his homework, he went to bed.
4. Have you seen the children who were flying the kites on the playground?
Have you seen the children the kites on the playground?
5. If you are more patient, you can expect a happy ending.
, you can expect a happy ending.
V. Sentence correction (There is only one mistake in each sentence.)
1. Believe that computers would be valuable tools on every office desktop and in every home, Bill Gates began developing software for personal computers.
2. When Mrs. White goes back to her home after class, she expects to see Jane, her daughter, work at her desk.
3. Never lost faith in himself, the scientist was determined to carry on with the research, no matter what others said.
4. It is rather surprised that most of the students didn’t know how to answer that simple question.
5. He was so humorous that he had us laugh all through the meal.
6. Worked side by side with many environmentalists, the economist knows that a healthy environment and a stable economy should be possible at the same time.
7. They went to school together, talk and laugh all the way.
8. Considered his hard work, he got a rather poor mark in the Maths test.
9. The doctor will be free after finished the operation.

参考答案：
II.
1-5 BCCBC 6-10 BDCAB 11-15 CBDBC 16-20 CDBCC
21-25 BBDAD 26-30 CBACA 31-35 DCDBA 36 B
III.
1. Seeing 2. following 3. smoking 4. Looking 5. listening
6. Having sent 7. Not having received 8. hanging 9. Entering 10. being admitted
IV.
1. Looking around the ancient city wall
2. keeping
3. Having finished
4. flying
5. Being more patient
V.
1. Believe---Believing 2. work---working 3. lost---losing 4. surprised---surprising
5. laugh---laughing 6. Worked---Having worked 7. talk and laugh---talking and laughing
8. Considered---Considering 9. finished---finishing

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