经典的纳西族东巴画介绍
2009-08-28 00:17阅读：
Naxi Dongba classical paintings to
introduce
东巴画是纳西族东巴文化艺术的一项重要内容,是最具特色的纳西族美术遗产。东巴画以纳西族民间信奉中的神灵、传说中的祖先及动物等为主要描绘内容，表现了人与自然的和谐关系；表现各种理想和世界古代纳西族信仰的神灵鬼怪，其中也反映了古代纳西族的各种世俗生活。东巴画主要有经卷图画、木牌画、纸牌画和卷轴画等形式。
传统东巴画主要是东巴在做法事时制作和使用的，有布轴的神佛像画、经书画、木牌画上的神、鬼、鸟、兽画，以及大型布卷画，民间还有反映生产和生活的装饰画，这些画笔调粗犷、色彩浓艳、形象朴实生动。
东巴绘画主要以木片、东巴纸、麻布等为材料，用自制的竹笔蘸松烟墨勾画轮廊，然后敷以各种自然颜色，绚丽多彩，历经数百年而不褪色。其绘画形象具有强烈的原始意味，以线条表现为主，并不注重事物外部的形体比例，但朴实生动，奇异诡谲，野趣横生，色彩多用原色，鲜艳夺目。许多画面亦字亦画，保留了浓郁的象形文字书写特征，是研究人类原始绘画艺术的“活化石”。
Dongba Naxi Dongba painting is an important cultural and artistic
content, is the most unique artistic heritage of the Naxi. Naxi
Dongba paintings to folk belief in the gods, the legendary
ancestors and animals depicted as the main content, showing the
harmony between man and nature relationship; the performance of the
ideals and the world of the gods of ancient Naxi belief of ghosts,
which
also reflects the Naxi ancient variety of secular life. Dongba
scriptures painted mainly pictures,木牌painting, playing cards and
other forms of painting and the scroll.
Traditional Dongba Dongba painting is done in practice when the
production and use, there are cloth-axis of the God Buddha painting
by painting, calligraphy, painting木牌the gods, ghosts, birds, wild
animals paintings, paintings of large rolls, civil also production
and daily life is reflected in the decorative painting, which
stressed rough brush, color rich, vivid images and simple.
Dongba painting mainly wood chips, Dongba paper, linen, such as
materials made of bamboo with pine smoke dip ink pen to outline
contour, and then deposited in various natural colors, colorful,
not fade after hundreds of years. The painting of the original
image with a strong means to the performance of the main line does
not pay attention to things outside the body proportion, but the
simple and vivid, singular treacherous, Wild phenomena, the use of
primary colors, colorful. The word also has many screen paintings,
retained the hieroglyphic writing of the rich features of the
original painting is to study the art of human beings 'living
fossil.'
现代东巴画
东巴绘画艺术拥有经典象形文字的五个艺术品特性，分别为优美的线条、叶经的形式、美丽的色彩、动态的表现和特征。东巴画中，以布卷画《神路图》最为有名。《神路图》长达十四米多，宽二十六厘米左右。分为地狱、人类世界、自然天国、天国四个部分，画面色彩艳丽，人物个性鲜明、造型生动，东巴画又受藏传绘画艺术影响，还具有纳西族传统风格和特色，是东巴绘画艺术中的珍品。
《神路图》主要用于丧葬时超度死者亡灵仪式中，描述了死者亡灵要经过的地狱、人间、自然界、天堂等各阶段的具体场面，有较高的文化和艺术研究价值。此画融早期东巴传统画的朴野粗旷画风与后来发展的精绘风格于一体，文化内涵异常丰富，被国际学术界堪称宗教绘画一绝。卷轴画《神路图》是东巴绘画艺术中的煌煌巨制，全长十几米，由一百多幅分格连环画组成，直幅长卷上共描绘了三百六十多个人物及动物形象，场面宏大，气势壮观，技艺高超，反映了纳西族灵魂不灭的生命意识和完善人生的伦理观念。可如今，《神路图》已成稀有之物。很少见到尚留存民间的了。Modern
Dongba painting
Dongba pictograph painting has a classical features five works of
art, beautiful lines, respectively, by the form of leaves,
beautiful colors, dynamic performance and features. Dongba painting
to cloth painting Volume 'God road map' the most famous. 'Road map
of God' more than 14 meters long, about 26 centimeters wide. Into
hell, the human world, a natural paradise, the four parts of the
kingdom of heaven, bright color screen, vivid personalities, vivid
style, Dongba painting also by the impact of Tibetan painting, but
also with traditional Naxi style and is characterized by a Dongba
painting Art treasures.
'Road map of God,' mainly for the funeral ceremony when the spirits
of the souls of the deceased, described the souls of the deceased
to go through hell, earth, nature, paradise, such as the various
stages of the specific scenes, which have a higher cultural and
artistic value. This painting into the early Dongba Ueno Park, the
traditional painting style and the later development of粗旷the
essence of painting in one style, and cultural connotation of
abnormal rich, by the international academic community must be
rated a religious painting. Scroll 'road map of God' is a painting
of Dongba煌煌giant system, a total length of 10 meters by a hundred
comic book composed of a number of sub-grid, straight long pieces
painted a total of more than 360 figures and animals image, and the
scene was grand, magnificent momentum, skilled, reflecting the life
of the Naxi immortal soul awareness and improve the ethics of life.
Can now, 'the road map God' has become a rare thing. Rarely seen by
the private sector is still retained.
东巴的经卷图画包括东巴图画文字、经书扉页封面、装帧画和题图等。在简制的木牌面上绘制出的图像就是东巴的木牌画，木版画主要用于纳西族的插地祭祀活动，和两汉时期中国西北部古羌人“人面形木牌”有着渊源关系。东巴的纸牌画以自制的土纸为载体，它主要包括两类，一类是绘制的神像，或戴在祭司头顶或竖于神坛供人祭拜；另一类是绘画谱典，或用作绘画者的规范，或用作绘画传承时的教本，这种谱典种类较多，可以自成体系。东巴的卷轴画多绘于麻布或土布上，四周用蓝布装裱，上有天杆，下设地轴，绘画内容多为纳西族信奉的神祗。卷轴画在继承纳西族传统绘画的基础上借鉴了藏、汉等民族的绘画技法，又吸收了佛、道文化元素，特别是吸取了元、明以来藏族唐卡造像艺术的特点，兼收并蓄，形成一种新的绘画形式。
Dongba scriptures of the Dongba picture pictures including text,
title page through the book cover, binding, such as painting and
the title plan. Jane木牌system in the surface of the image is to map
out the木牌Dongba painting, wood engraving of the interpolation used
to Naxi ritual activities, and the Han Dynasty Ancient Qiang people
in northwest China, 'face-shaped木牌' has the relationship between
sources. Dongba painting of a home-made cards土纸as the carrier,
which mainly include two categories is the preparation of the
statues, or worn on the head priest, or erect an altar for worship
in; the other is the painting spectrum Code, or the norms for
painting, or used as textbooks at the time of painting tradition,
which many kinds of spectra Code can be self-. Dongba painting in
the scroll more or土布on linen, framed around the use of blue, there
are days of stroke, under the earth's axis, drawing the contents of
most of the Naxi believe in gods. Naxi traditional scroll painting
in succession based on the reference of the Tibetan and Chinese
painting techniques, such as ethnic groups, but also absorbed
Buddhism and Taoism and cultural elements, especially the lessons
of the Yuan, Ming has the art of Tibetan Thangka imaging features,
a good mix to form a A new form of painting.
