[转载]英语语法16——表语从句
2012-11-15 12:35阅读：
上课笔记和录音链接：http://www.tudou.com/programs/view/0HBFEkFDv0Q/
表语从句
一、表语从句定义：在一个复合句中，从句作的是主语的表语成分。
二、结构是“主语+系动词+表语从句”。可以接表语从句的系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。
三、连接词：that / whether /as if /as though
连接代词：who / whom / whose / which /
what
连接副词：when / where / why / how / because
四、引导词的用法
1 that在表语从句中既不充当成分，又没有实际意义。
The fact is that he hasn’t yet recover from
illness.
这是个典型的主系表结构句子，the fact（主语），is（系动词），that引导的从
句做表语（从句）
The reason why he has to go is that his mother is
ill in bed.
2 what 在表语从句中充当
主语、宾语或表语
表示
什么、什么的样子或者所...（的人或事）
①. The
question is what caused the accident.问题是什么引发了事故。
The questiong（主语）is（系动词）what从句做表语（从句）
②. That mountain is no longer what it used to be
.山不再是曾经的那座山。
③. What he told you was what had been discussed at
the meeting.他告诉你的
那些就是会议上讨论的事。
What he told you（这是个主语从句，做主语）was（系动词）what had been
discussed at the
meeting.（这是个由what引导的表语从句，what在这个句子中做主语，had been discussed
做这个句子的谓语，at the meeting是地点状语）
3 whether在表语从句中表 是否
,但不充当句子的成分。if 不能引导表
语从句.如:
①.What the doctor really doubts is whether my mother will
recover from the
serious disease soon.
从以上的原则可以得知，whether引导的从句作为is 的表语从句，这个句子中，my mother（主语）will
recover（谓语）而whether在这里表示“是否”的意思，
使语意完整。
②. The question is whether it is worth doing.
4 who 在表语从句中充当 主语、宾语或表语 表示
谁 。
①The problem is who could do the work
②My trouble is who (whom) I can turn to.
5 which 在引导表语从句时,常充当_定语、表语表示 哪一个
。
如：
I read about it in some book or another , but what I don't
know is which
(book) it is.
6由as if ,as though引导表语从句，表示好像。句子中的系动词常用look,
appear, seem等。
①It looks as if it was doing to rain.
②The young man with long hair looks as if he were a
girl.
五、注意
1表语从句一定要用陈述语序。
The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.
2“That is why...”是常用句型， 意为“这就是……的原因/因此……”， 其中why引导的名词性从句在句中作表语，
该句型通常用于针对前面已经说明过的原因进行总结
That is why you see this old woman before you know , Jeanne.
3当主句的主语为reason,或者是由why引导的从句时,与它们相关的表语从句用that而不能由because引导;
because 引导表语从句时只能用于It/That/This is /was because…句型中.
①.The reason why I was late was that I missed the train.
②. I was late. It/That/This was because I
missed the train.
4当表语从句中主语、宾语、表语具备，但是还是要表示疑问含义，可以判断句子中缺少状语，常常用相应的特殊疑问词引导，有why, when,
where, how等
This is how he did it.
That is why the brothers wanted to make a bet.
That’s why we’ve given you the letter
5表语从句引导词注意事项
1. that引导表语从句时不能省.
2. if不能引导表语从句.
3. 除that外的所有引导词都有自己的意义。
4. 除that, whether外的所有引导词都须在从句中充当相应的成分
练习
1The traditional view is ____ we sleep because our brain is
“programmed” to make us do so. (2007上海)
A. when B. why C. whether
D. that
解析：because 引导表语从句时只能用于It/That/This is /was ...because…句型中.
因此正解为 D
2 You are saying that everyone should be equal , and this is ____ I
disagree. (2004)
A.why B. where C. what
D. how
解析：该句子翻译为：你说每个人都是平等的，这就是我所不同意的地方。而disagree是不及物动词，不能用what引导，正解为
B
3— I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
— Is that ____ you had a few days off? (1999)
A. why B. when C. what
D. where
解析：当表语从句中主语、宾语、表语具备，但是还是要表示疑问含义，可以判断句子中缺少状语，常常用相应的特殊疑问词引导，因此用why
引导，正解为 A
4____ she couldn’t understand was ____ fewer and fewer students
showed interest in her lessons. (2000上海）
A. What; why B. That; what C. What;
because D. Why; that
解析：第一个空由于understand是及物动词，该句子缺少宾语，因此用what,而第二空中，这是她“为什么”不能理解的事，用why引导，因此选
A
5____ made the school proud was ____ more than 90% of the students
had been admitted to key universities. (2003上海春）
A. What; because B. What;
that
C. That; what
D. That; because
解析：第一个句子缺少主语，因此用what
充当主语，而第二个句子是个完整的句子，因此用that引导，因为that不充当成分，也没有意义，因此正解为 B
6— Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game?
— Oh , that's ____. (2003北京春）
A. what makes me feel excited
B. whatever I feel excited about
C. how I feel about it
D. when I feel excited
解析：选项翻译可知，A选项翻译为：那就是令我感到兴奋的事。其他选项翻译不通，因此正解为 A
7. That's ___ the Party called on us to do.
A. why B.
what C. how
D. that
解析：call on sb to do sth缺少宾语，因此用what，正解为 B
8. The reason is ___ he is unable to operate the machine.
A. because B. why
C. that D.
Whether
解析：当主句的主语为reason,或者是由why引导的从句时,与它们相关的表语从句用that而不能由because引导，同时该句子缺少宾语，因此正解为
C
9 .That is ___ they separated.
A. that B.
what C. which
D.
where
解析：翻译可知：那是他们分开的地方，用where强调地点，因此正解为 D
10.Jane is no longer ___ she was four years ago.
A. what B. which
C. that D.
when
解析： what 在表语从句中充当 主语、宾语或表语
表示什么、什么的样子或者所...（的人或事），因此正解为
A
