被动语态（1）
2009-09-30 21:06阅读：
This week we learn the passive voice. In today’s class, we mainly
study the exchange between the active voice and the passive voice.
The rule of exchange is not very difficult, but after doing the
exercise, I find it’s important to know how to use “BY” in the
passive voice. Only when you must lay emphasis on the operator
should “BY” be used. We also learn some occasion that we can not
use passive voice, the most significant one I remember is that when
the object in the active sentence is the reflexive form. I think it
should be remembered be heart. I raise this for my making a lot of
mistakes. And we learn two forms of phrase verb’s passive voice.
After this class I have new understanding about passive voice.
被动语态（一）
They use milk for making butter and cheese.
Milk is used for making butter and cheese.
做因为把宾语给搞错了，一开始错把butter and cheese当成了宾语，真正的宾语应该是milk，
这样就不会做错了。
He said they were starting a new system.
He said a new system was being started
.
做错是把 by them 给加上去了，后来发现当施动者为谁不甚重要时是不需要说出来的。比如一本书是莎士比亚写的，在翻译时一定要把 by
Shakespeare 给加上，这是为了强调施动者。
Why did no one inform me of the change of plans?
Why wasn’t I informed of the change of plans?
这题改被动出错是因为时态为题，原句是用的did表示过去式，可是第一次改的时候把did直接搬下来结果整个句子的意思就错了。搭配应该是
sb be informed of
We had to give the books back; they did not allow us to take them
home.
The books had to be given back; we were not allowed to take them
home.
做题的时候只改了前半句，把后半句的被动给忘记了，所以以后做题要看清楚，考试就是很多分数没有了。。。
They invited Jack, but they didn’t invite Tom.
Jack was invited, but Tom wasn’t.
做题时多加了2个 by them， 后来发现犯的是和第二题一样的错误，后一句的 invited
可以省略，是因为和上一句的表达相同。
They didn’t look after the children properly.
The children weren’t properly looked after.
原句用的时态是过去式，在改句子的时候脑子一昏，直接改了the children didn’t be looked after.
后来才发现自己犯的错怎么可以那么傻。。竟然用了2个be
动词。。。这种错误看了答案以后肯定不会犯的，可是做题的时候很容易犯的，因为做得有点傻掉了，考试时候应该小心仔细。
Is anybody attending to you?
Are you being attended to?
做题的时候直接就 are you attended to ?
自己觉得很对的，后来对了答案才恍然大悟，原句是个进行时，我一改把原句的时态完全改掉了。还是应该做好之后好好检查下。
They lost track of the plane about an hour out from Guangzhou
Airport.
The plane was lost track of about an hour out from Guangzhou
Airport.
一开始做题的时候把
track当成被动句的主语改了，后来发觉句子写不下去了，就卡住了。因为前面做的几道题都可以在词组里改一个被动形式的。原来这样子改的词组是有限的，只有
take care of, make a mess of, pay attention of, make an example of,
make too much of, take note of, take advantage of 这些词组，应该记住。
I don’t imagine you’ ll refuse to be promoted, will you?
Refuse 是不能直接带表示出来的逻辑主语的，refuse要带to 的不定式才表示被动结构。
He anticipated being invited.
做题时忘记了那个表格，把anticipate 当成了加 to do 的一类，因此表格应该谨记。
Well, he’d like to be asked to make a speech.
这句话中的不是有like？ 照书上P248的表格来说不是可以用- to do 或者- ing 的形式么？为什么这道题只能用-to
do这个形式呢？
我的专四语法宝典---02年专四真题
_ C __of the twins was arrested, because I saw both at a party last
night.
A. None B. Both C. Neither D. All
这题考的是关于代词的使用，后半句出现了both，因此很容易的排除了AD两个选项，因为它们都是指三者或者三者以上的，再结合句意双胞胎两个人中哪个也没被捕，因此答案是C。
For some time now, world leaders_ B _ out the necessity for
agreement on arms reduction.
A. had been pointing B. have been pointing C. were pointing D.
pointed
这题考查的是对时态和语态的掌握，句中出现了句中时间状语“for some time now”，很明显要用现在完成时，
只有B符合这个意思。
Have you ever been in a situation _ B _ you know the other person
is right yet you cannot agree with him?
A. by which B. that C. in where D. where
这道题考查的是关系词的一些用法，本句是一个同位语从句，先行词是situation，从句是对其内容的解释，所以只能用that来引导这个同位语从句。
AIDS is said _ C __ the number-one killer of both men and women
over the past few years in that region.
A. being B. to be C. to have been D. having been
这题考查的是对谓语动词的掌握，由句中的时间状语“over the past few
years”可知，应该用完成时，所以排除AB，剩下CD因为动作发生在谓语动作之前，故应用不定式的完成式作宾语。
We've just installed two air-conditioners in our apartment,
_A_should make great differences in our life next summer.
A. which B. what C. that D. they
这题考查的是关系代词的用法。这是一个非限制性定语从句，此处缺少一个关系代词，该非限制性定语从句先行词是air-conditioners，所以关系代词应用which。
She managed to save_D_she could out of her wages to help her
brother.
A. how little money B. so little money C. such little money D. what
little money
这题考查副词的用法。本句只能选what 用作关系形容词，表示“尽可能多地”。
Fool _B_Jane is, she could not have done such a thing.
A. who B. as C. that D.like
这题考查连词的用法。这四个选项中，只有as可以引导的让步状语从句可用倒装。
The experiment requires more money than_C_.
A. have been put in B. being put in C. has been put in D. to be put
in
在more…than这一结构中，than后面应跟动词原形，因为主语是the experiment，所以谓语用单数。
A__for the fact that she broke her leg, she might have passed the
exam.
A. Had it not been B. Hadn't it been C. Was it not D. Were it
not
考查对虚拟语气的掌握。此虚拟语气表示与过去事实相反，条件从句应用had+过去分词，又由于这里是省略了if而将had提前的部分倒装句。
'What courses are you going to do next semester?' 'I don't
know. But it's about time _B_on something.'
A. I' d decide B. I decided C. I decide D. I' m deciding
考查对虚拟语气的掌握。It’s (about) time (that) … 后面一定是加过去式的。
本周语法学习心得
上了这堂语法课之后，我对被动语态有了新的理解。原来高中时候一直觉得被动语态很简单的，无非是be动词加上动词。老师板书也是这么写，所以一直这么理解的。学了这一课才知道很多时候主动语态是不可以转换为被动语态的，比如在SVO结构中：The
medicine soon took effect. 我原来一直以为这个是可以改成被动语态的，上好课才知道自己傻呵呵的。Take
effect 相当于一个不及物动词，是不可能有被动语态的。这节课上还学了一些与-to,- ing,
可以构成被动结构的动词。以前总是搞起来的一些词在看了表格后也是清晰了很多的。做了一些课后练习后，我个人觉得被动其实还不算是非常难的，只要上课好好听然后回家好好地复习，看书后再做课后练习就会方便很多。最大的问题就是看好这些语法点，在做题目的时候就忘记一一对应上去了。我发现这次的语法点其实还蛮规律的，因此我就自己在看完书以后，做了一点小的摘要，也就是自己搞不太清楚的一些语法点，在每次做到和这个语法点有关联的题目的时候先自己做，做完后再把纸条拿出来对照，又把这些不清楚的语法点通过题目再次读一遍，针对题目又加深了对它们的理解，我自己觉得这个办法蛮有用的。虽然比较花时间，但是可以真正的搞懂。制作小卡片是个学习语言很不错的办法的。可以在想起来的时候随时拿出来看看，这样子就会在脑子里留下印象，长期记忆形成后，就不太容易忘记了。被动语态很多新的语法点还是需要采用这个办法才可以真的记住，否则做了再多题目也是惘然。
