一、英语多用有灵主语，汉语多用有灵主语
“灵”即生命，英语思维比较客观，以事物作主语
新浪博客
一、英语多用有灵主语，汉语多用有灵主语
“灵”即生命，英语思维比较客观，以事物作主语
较多，汉语思维较主观，以人作主语较多。
例句： When reports came into London Zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London, they were not taken seriously.
译文：当伦敦动物园接到报告说，在伦敦以南45英里处发现一只美洲狮时，这些报告并没有受到重视。
在简奥斯丁的著名小说Pride and Prejudiced的最让人印象深刻的第一句话：
It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.
译文：人们公认这样一个事实，一个有钱的单身男子一定想要娶个妻子。
二、和对于英语语族的人来说，汉语族人喜欢用动词表达自己，而英语族人注重抽象思维，常化动为静，善用名词。
例句： As the parents had five children, life was a perpetual struggle against poverty.
译文：家里已有5个孩子，全家人常年在贫困中挣扎。
上课时我在讲这句话之前，让同学们先看这句话的译文进行翻译。几乎所有的同学的译文结构如下：
The family has five children and they have to struggle against poverty all year round.
译文虽然不尽相同，但“在贫困中挣扎”都是用动词词组。接着我再让学生们看到我们原文中的名词形式，从而加深了他们对于英语中善用名词结构的印象。这个知识点也与25课《“卡蒂萨克”号帆船》中的，She serves as an impressive reminder of the great ships of the past. “reminder”这个名词的活用而不用“remind sb of sth”结构的用法是一致的。
三、表达逻辑不同。
汉语先讲原因再讲结果，英语先讲结果再讲原因。中国人的文化比较含蓄，在进行了一些铺垫阐述以后，认为结果对方能够揣测到，使这个结果或者要求自然而然。英国人思维方式直接，说话方式喜欢开门见山，把最重要的信息放在最前面。
当我们问朋友借钱时，我们会说：“我被老爸赶出了门，被女朋友踹了，现在又碰到了经济危机找不到工作，你能不能借我100块钱？”
但同样的情况一个英国人会说：Could you lend me 100 yuan? You know I was expelled by my father, dumped by my girl friend and what is worse I am jobless due to the economic crisis.
例句： George was not too upset by his experience because the lady who owns the sweet shop heard about his troubles and rewarded him with a large box of chocolates.
按照我们汉语表达的思维我们会说：糖果店的老板娘听说了他遇到的麻烦后，赏给了他一大盒巧克力，才使这事情让没有使乔治过于伤心。
四、汉语先说细节再总结，英语先说结论再展开细节。
举例：The city at one time must have been prosperous, for it enjoyed a high level of civilization. Houses ---- often three storeys high ---- were built of stone. They had large rooms with beautifully decorated walls. The city was even equipped with a drainage system, for a great many clay pipes were found beneath the narrow street.
这一段总共四句话。第一句讲这座古城肯定很繁华，曾享有高度文明。第二句是讲房子，房子很高，还是用石头造的。第三句讲房间，房间很大，房间里的墙壁装饰华丽。第四句是讲城市里的排水系统。我们细细分析一下不难发现，其实第一句就是作者要表达的中心意思：城市很繁华。后三句不过是从三个不同角度（房子，房间，排水系统）来论证作者要表达的中心意思。这帮助我们理清了英语写作中一个重要的结构：就是主旨句 (topic sentence) 加支持性细节 (supporting details)。主旨句表达全段的中心思想。支持性细节是支持主旨句的例子，解释等，目的是帮助读者充分理解作者在主旨句中所表达的含义。我们不妨再来欣赏一段ETS给出的托福范文，事实上这段文章严格遵循了这个格式，和新三的课文实在有异曲同工之妙。
Parents are the best teachers of their children. They teach their children to utter sounds when they are babies. They coach them hand in hand for walking. When their children begin formal education, parents tutor them in their homework. Apart from this, parents direct their children’s moral; they instruct and show their children what is right and what is wrong, which is not effectively taught at school.
五、谚语成语差异
“雨后春笋”英语则用“just like mushrooms”来形容同样的意思，因为英国长不出竹子。
英国是个岛国，所以对于sea, ship，fish有着深厚的感情，这如同我们中国土地面积比较大，对于“土地，草”有感情一样。所以在成语谚语的翻译可以把这些思维差异考虑进去，译文就显得符合对方的思维习惯从而更加清晰易懂。
举些例子：好马不吃回头草
兔子不吃窝边草
天涯何处无芳草
如何翻译？“The horse never goes back to eat the grass”?老外问道： WHY ?
“The rabbit never eat the grass growing beside the rabbit-hole”?
老外问道： WHY/
我如此翻译以后他们都明白了：
Don’t fish the fish you let go.
Don’t fish in your neighbor’s pond.
She’s not the only fish in the ocean.
例句： When reports came into London Zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London, they were not taken seriously.
译文：当伦敦动物园接到报告说，在伦敦以南45英里处发现一只美洲狮时，这些报告并没有受到重视。
在简奥斯丁的著名小说Pride and Prejudiced的最让人印象深刻的第一句话：
It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.
译文：人们公认这样一个事实，一个有钱的单身男子一定想要娶个妻子。
二、和对于英语语族的人来说，汉语族人喜欢用动词表达自己，而英语族人注重抽象思维，常化动为静，善用名词。
例句： As the parents had five children, life was a perpetual struggle against poverty.
译文：家里已有5个孩子，全家人常年在贫困中挣扎。
上课时我在讲这句话之前，让同学们先看这句话的译文进行翻译。几乎所有的同学的译文结构如下：
The family has five children and they have to struggle against poverty all year round.
译文虽然不尽相同，但“在贫困中挣扎”都是用动词词组。接着我再让学生们看到我们原文中的名词形式，从而加深了他们对于英语中善用名词结构的印象。这个知识点也与25课《“卡蒂萨克”号帆船》中的，She serves as an impressive reminder of the great ships of the past. “reminder”这个名词的活用而不用“remind sb of sth”结构的用法是一致的。
三、表达逻辑不同。
汉语先讲原因再讲结果，英语先讲结果再讲原因。中国人的文化比较含蓄，在进行了一些铺垫阐述以后，认为结果对方能够揣测到，使这个结果或者要求自然而然。英国人思维方式直接，说话方式喜欢开门见山，把最重要的信息放在最前面。
当我们问朋友借钱时，我们会说：“我被老爸赶出了门，被女朋友踹了，现在又碰到了经济危机找不到工作，你能不能借我100块钱？”
但同样的情况一个英国人会说：Could you lend me 100 yuan? You know I was expelled by my father, dumped by my girl friend and what is worse I am jobless due to the economic crisis.
例句： George was not too upset by his experience because the lady who owns the sweet shop heard about his troubles and rewarded him with a large box of chocolates.
按照我们汉语表达的思维我们会说：糖果店的老板娘听说了他遇到的麻烦后，赏给了他一大盒巧克力，才使这事情让没有使乔治过于伤心。
四、汉语先说细节再总结，英语先说结论再展开细节。
举例：The city at one time must have been prosperous, for it enjoyed a high level of civilization. Houses ---- often three storeys high ---- were built of stone. They had large rooms with beautifully decorated walls. The city was even equipped with a drainage system, for a great many clay pipes were found beneath the narrow street.
这一段总共四句话。第一句讲这座古城肯定很繁华，曾享有高度文明。第二句是讲房子，房子很高，还是用石头造的。第三句讲房间，房间很大，房间里的墙壁装饰华丽。第四句是讲城市里的排水系统。我们细细分析一下不难发现，其实第一句就是作者要表达的中心意思：城市很繁华。后三句不过是从三个不同角度（房子，房间，排水系统）来论证作者要表达的中心意思。这帮助我们理清了英语写作中一个重要的结构：就是主旨句 (topic sentence) 加支持性细节 (supporting details)。主旨句表达全段的中心思想。支持性细节是支持主旨句的例子，解释等，目的是帮助读者充分理解作者在主旨句中所表达的含义。我们不妨再来欣赏一段ETS给出的托福范文，事实上这段文章严格遵循了这个格式，和新三的课文实在有异曲同工之妙。
Parents are the best teachers of their children. They teach their children to utter sounds when they are babies. They coach them hand in hand for walking. When their children begin formal education, parents tutor them in their homework. Apart from this, parents direct their children’s moral; they instruct and show their children what is right and what is wrong, which is not effectively taught at school.
五、谚语成语差异
“雨后春笋”英语则用“just like mushrooms”来形容同样的意思，因为英国长不出竹子。
英国是个岛国，所以对于sea, ship，fish有着深厚的感情，这如同我们中国土地面积比较大，对于“土地，草”有感情一样。所以在成语谚语的翻译可以把这些思维差异考虑进去，译文就显得符合对方的思维习惯从而更加清晰易懂。
举些例子：好马不吃回头草
兔子不吃窝边草
天涯何处无芳草
如何翻译？“The horse never goes back to eat the grass”?老外问道： WHY ?
“The rabbit never eat the grass growing beside the rabbit-hole”?
老外问道： WHY/
我如此翻译以后他们都明白了：
Don’t fish the fish you let go.
Don’t fish in your neighbor’s pond.
She’s not the only fish in the ocean.