独立主格结构与With复合结构辨析及转换【精】
2015-06-08 14:27阅读:
独立主格结构与With复合结构辨析及转换【精】
一、With复合结构与独立主格结构
with复合结构与独立主格结构是英语中常见的两种。从某种意义上说,它们
可以算作是非谓语动词用法的延伸。它们都可以在句子中作原因状语、伴随状况
状语、条件状语、时间状语或结果状语用,一般也可以相互转换。虽然它们的语
法功能和意义相同,但其结构形式和名称却不相同。抓住这一点,就可以把二者
融会贯通,从而在阅读中减少不必要的理解障碍。
With复合结构是独立主格结构中的一种,是一种特殊的独立主格结构。
with复合结构的模式是:with+名词/
代词(宾语)【作逻辑主语】+形容词/
副词/介词短语/名词/v-ing现在分词/过去分词/不定式【作逻辑谓语】
独立主格结构的模式是:主格名词/代词【作逻辑主语】+非谓语动词分句(现
在分词、过去分词、不定式)或名词、形容词、副词、介词短语【作逻辑谓语】
二、With(without)复合结构与独立主格的相互转化
with/without复合结构与独立主格结构在句子中作状语时,一般可相互转换;
此外还可以变为状语从句或并列句。
1)作时间状语
With winter coming
on, the trees turn
yellow and some
birds fly south.
= Winter
coming on, the trees
turn yellow and
some birds fly south.
= When winter
comes on, the trees
turn yellow and some
birds fly south.
2)作原因状语
With the key lost,
she could not enter the
room.
= The key
lost, she could not
enter the room.
= As/Because
the key had been lost,
she could not enter
the room.
另:With us to
care for the children you
are able to be carefree
away from
home.=We to care for the
children, you are able to
be carefree away from
home.(注意此处的we
不得改成us,用了us便不是独立主格结构了。)
3)作条件状语
With time
permitting, we`ll visit
the Summer Palace.
= Time permitting,
we`ll visit the Summer
Palace.
= If time
permits, we`ll visit the
Summer Palace.
4)作伴随状语
Here are the
first three volumes
with the
fourth one to come out
next month.
= Here are the first
three volumes, the
fourth one to come
out next month.
= Here are the first
three volumes and
the fourth one is coming
out next month.
注:with和without复合结构可以作
后置定语修饰名词,而独立主格结
构则不可作后置定语修饰名
词。
Soon she arrived
at a park with
grass green and flowers in
blossom.
= Soon she arrived at
a park whose grass
was green and whose flowers
were
in blossom.
三、 with结构的特点
1. with结构由介词with或without+复合结构构成。复合结构中第一部分与第二
部分语法上是宾语和宾语补足语关系,而在逻辑上,却具有主谓关系,也就是说,
可以用第一部分作主语,第二部分作谓语,构成一个句子。
如: With him
taken care of,we felt quite
relieved.(欣慰) →(He was
taken good care of.)
She fell asleep with
the light burning.
→(The
light was burning.)
With her hair
gone,there
could be no use for them.
→(Her hair was
gone.)
2. 在with结构中,第一部分为人称代词时,则该用宾格代词。
如: He could
not finish it
without me
to help him.
四、 几点说明:
1.
with结构在句子中的位置:
with 结构在句中作状语,表示时间、条件、
原因时一般放在句子前面,并用逗号与句子分开;表示方式和伴随状况时一般
放在句子后面,不用逗号分开。若with结构作定语,则放在所修饰的名词之后,
一般不用逗号隔开。
2.
with结构作状语时,不定式、现在分词 、和过去分词的区别:
在with
结构中,不定式、现在分词作宾补,表示主动,但是不定式表示将要发生的动作,
而现在分词表示正在发生或发生了的动作;过去分词表示被动或完成。
例如: With the
boy leading the way,we found he
house easily.(小男孩已领
过路)
With the boy to lead
the way,we will find the
house easily tomorrow.(小男孩明天将领路)