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独立主格结构与With复合结构辨析及转换【精】

2015-06-08 14:27阅读:
独立主格结构与With复合结构辨析及转换【精】


一、With复合结构与独立主格结构

with复合结构与独立主格结构是英语中常见的两种。从某种意义上说,它们

可以算作是非谓语动词用法的延伸。它们都可以在句子中作原因状语、伴随状况

状语、条件状语、时间状语或结果状语用,一般也可以相互转换。虽然它们的语

法功能和意义相同,但其结构形式和名称却不相同。抓住这一点,就可以把二者

融会贯通,从而在阅读中减少不必要的理解障碍。


With复合结构是独立主格结构中的一种,是一种特殊的独立主格结构。


with复合结构的模式是with+名词/
代词(宾语)【作逻辑主语】+形容词/

副词/介词短语/名词/v-ing现在分词/过去分词/不定式【作逻辑谓语

独立主格结构的模式是:主格名词/代词【作逻辑主语+非谓语动词分句(现

在分词、过去分词、不定式或名词、形容词、副词、介词短语作逻辑谓语


二、Withwithout)复合结构与独立主格的相互转化

with/without复合结构与独立主格结构在句子中作状语时,一般可相互转换;
此外还可以变为状语从句或并列句。

1)作时间状语

With winter coming on, the trees turn yellow and some birds fly south.

= Winter coming on, the trees turn yellow and some birds fly south.
= When winter comes on, the trees turn yellow and some birds fly south.

2)作原因状语
With the key lost, she could not enter the room.

= The key lost, she could not enter the room.

= As/Because the key had been lost, she could not enter the room.

另:With us to care for the children you are able to be carefree away from

home.=We to care for the children, you are able to be carefree away from home.(注意此处的we

不得改成us,用了us便不是独立主格结构了。)

3)作条件状语

With time permitting, we`ll visit the Summer Palace.

= Time permitting, we`ll visit the Summer Palace.

= If time permits, we`ll visit the Summer Palace.


4)作伴随状语

Here are the first three volumes with the fourth one to come out next month.

= Here are the first three volumes, the fourth one to come out next month.

= Here are the first three volumes and the fourth one is coming out next month.

withwithout复合结构可以作 后置定语修饰名词,而独立主格构则不可作后置定语修饰名 词。

Soon she arrived at a park with grass green and flowers in blossom.

= Soon she arrived at a park whose grass was green and whose flowers were

in blossom.

三、 with结构的特点
1. with结构由介词withwithout+复合结构构成。复合结构中第一部分与第二


部分语法上是宾语和宾语补足语关系,而在逻辑上,却具有主谓关系,也就是说,

可以用第一部分作主语,第二部分作谓语,构成一个句子。

如: With him taken care ofwe felt quite relieved.(欣慰) →(He was taken good care of.

She fell asleep with the light burning. →(The light was burning.

With her hair gonethere could be no use for them. →(Her hair was gone.

2. with结构中,第一部分为人称代词时,则该用宾格代词。

如: He could not finish it without me to help him.

四、 几点说明:

1. with结构在句子中的位置: with 结构在句中作状语,表示时间、条件、

原因时一般放在句子前面,并用逗号与句子分开;表示方式和伴随状况时一般

放在句子后面,不用逗号分开。若with结构作定语,则放在所修饰的名词之后,

一般不用逗号隔开。

2. with结构作状语时,不定式、现在分词 、和过去分词的区别: with

结构中,不定式、现在分词作宾补,表示主动,但是不定式表示将要发生的动作,

而现在分词表示正在发生或发生了的动作;过去分词表示被动或完成。

例如: With the boy leading the waywe found he house easily.(小男孩已领

过路)

With the boy to lead the waywe will find the house easily tomorrow.(小男孩明天将领路)

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