Maya civilization（英语原文+译文）
2009-11-07 20:02阅读：
闲来无事，翻译了一些玛雅文明的资料，仅供大家参考！（欢迎点评不足之处）
The
Maya is a
Mesoamerican
civilization, noted
for the only known fully developed
written language of
the
pre-Columbian
Americas, as well as its
art,
architecture,
and mathematical and astronomical systems. Initially established
during the
Preclassic
period (c. 2000 BC to 250 AD), many Maya cities reached their
highest state development during the
Classic
period (c. 250 AD to 900 AD), and continued throughout the Postclassic
period until the
arrival
of the Spanish. At its peak, it was one of the most densely
populated and culturally dynamic societies in the world.
The Maya civilization shares many features with other Mesoamerican
civilizations due to the high degree of interaction and
cultural
diffusion that characterized the region. Advances such as
writing,
epigraphy, and the
calendar did not
originate with the Maya; however, their civilization fully
developed them. Maya influence can be detected from
Honduras,
Guatemala,
El
Salvador and to as far as central
Mexico, more than 1000
km (625 miles) from the
Maya area. Many outside influences are found in
Maya
art and architecture, which are thought to result from trade
and cultural exchange rather than direct external conquest. The
Maya peoples never
disappeared, neither at the time of the Classic period decline nor
with the arrival of the
Spanish
conquistadores
and the subsequent
Spanish colonization of the Americas. Today, the Maya and their
descendants form sizable populations throughout the Maya area and
maintain a distinctive set of traditions and beliefs that are the
result of the merger of pre-Columbian and post-Conquest
ideologies (and
structured by the almost total adoption of
Roman
Catholicism). Many
Mayan languages
continue to be spoken as primary languages today; the
Rabinal Achí,
a play written in the
Achi' language, was
declared a
Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity by
UNESCO in 2005.
source from wikipedia
玛雅文明是中美洲文明的一种，由于其作为前哥伦布大陆时期唯一已知的拥有高度发达的文字语言、艺术、建筑、数学和天体体系的文明而闻名于世。玛雅文明最早出现于前古典时期（公元前2000年-公元250年），许多玛雅城市在古典时期（公元250年-公元900年）已经高度发达并且一直延续到了后古典时期直到西班牙人的到来。玛雅社会曾一度作为世界上人口最为稠密，文化最为活跃的社会。
由于高度的合作与文化交融特征化了这一地区使得玛雅文明与其他中美洲文明有着许多共同的特点。在其他方面像写作、铭文、历法并不起源于玛雅，但是玛雅人的文明使它们得到了充分的发展。玛雅文明的影响从洪都拉斯、危地马拉、萨尔瓦多一直到墨西哥中部地区，距离玛雅地区有1000多公里（625英里）。在玛雅人的艺术、建筑中我们可以发现许多外界影响，这些都被认为产生于贸易和文化的交流而不是被外界直接的征服。玛雅人从未消失，他们没有在古典时期衰退时消失，也没有因为西班牙征服者的到来和随后而至的西班牙人对美洲的殖民统治而消失。在今天，玛雅人和他们的后代在玛雅地区组成了一个相当大的人口数目，并且保持着一套特色的传统和信仰，这些都是前哥伦布大陆时期和后征服者时期思想意识的融合（并用天主教的习惯来构造）。许多玛雅语言在今天仍然被作为第一语言来使用，
Rabinal
Achí（阿比尼奥 阿奇）—— 一部用阿奇语写成的戏剧，于2005年宣布成为人类口述和非物质遗产代表作。
本文是本人首次正儿八经的翻译，所以可能不太成熟，请各位能人多多指点！
