[转载]怀旧：古老的英语书5&6 ——1983版初中英语第五&六册
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怀旧：古老的英语书5
——1983版初中英语第五册
目录
Lesson 1
Drills: 1. I hear he’ll be back in a month.
2. She said she was much better than before.
3. Do you know who(whom) they’re waiting for?
Text: Why the Bat Comes Out Only at Night
Lesson 2
Drills: 1. He asked who could answer the question.
2. Can you tell me where the No. 3 bus stop is?
3. Could you tell me if(whether) it snows in winter in
Australia?
Text: Nathan Hale
Grammar:The Object Clause
Lesson 3
Drills: 1. He asked if(whether) Mr
Howe had come back.
2. The lights had already gone out when I got to the
cinema.
Text: A Question of Pronunciation
Lesson 4
Drills: 1. How many English songs had
you kearned by the end of last term?
2. How long had Comrade Wu lived in
the south before he came here?
3. I didn’t give the chemstry book to Wei Fang because she had
already bought a copy for herself.
Text: The Arab in the Desert
Grammar: The Past Perfect Tense
Lesson 5
Text: The seagulls of Salt Lake
City
Lesson 6 (Revision)
Lesson 7
Drills: 1. She said she was going to
prepare for her trip.
2. She said they would go there by air.
Text: The Pyramids
Grammar: The Future-in-the-Past Tense
Lesson 8
Drills: 1. Mr Smith said that John was a good worker.
2. Bob’s wife told him that he had forgotten his wallet that
morning.
3. John told Bob that he hadn’t seen his wallet.
Text: Once a thief, Always a thief?
Grammar: Direct Speech and Indirect Speech (Ⅰ)
Lesson 9
Drills: 1. He asked if our party was going to start at 7
o’clock.
2. He asked what size dress you wore.
Text: Edison’s Boyhood
Grammar: Direct Speech and Indirect Speech (Ⅱ)
Lesson 10
Drills: 1 She told us to speak a little louder.
2. Granny told you not to be late for school.
Text: Dr Bethune
Grammar: Direct Speech and Indirect Speech (Ⅲ)
Lesson 11
Text； The Fisherman and the Genie
Lesson 12 (Revision)
Vocabulary
Supplementary Readings:
1. Ben’s Paddles
2. The Pot of Gold
3. The Broken Lantern(Ⅰ)
4. The Broken Lantern(Ⅱ)
5. The 'Lady with the Lamp'
1、WHY THE BAT COMES OUT ONLY AT NIGHT
Long, long ago, there was a war between the birds and the beasts.
No one knows what they fought about.
The bat did not know whose side he should be take. He thought and
thought, then decided he must try to be on the side of the
winners.
So he watched from far away. After a while, it seemed that the
birds were going to win. He flew over to join them.
'What on earth are you doing here?' a bird shouted at him.
'Can’t you see I’m a bird?' the bat said with a smile.
'Look, I have wings, just like you.'
'Come along, then,' said the bird. 'Don’t hide behind
others.'
But the things changed soon. Now it seemed that the beasts were
winning. So the bat left the birds in a hurry and went over to the
beasts.
'What are you doing on our side?' an animal called out to him.'
Are you spying on us?'
'Don’t you know I’m one of you?' asked the bat, showing his teeth.
'Look. Can’t you see I’ve got teeth, too?'
'Who are you trying to fool?' said the animals. 'We saw you
fighting on the side of the birds just now.'
So the beasts drove him off. Of course the birds refused to take
him back.
When the beasts and the birds saw neither side could win, they
decided to stop fighting.
Neither beasts nor birds would have the bat as their friend, so he
was afraid to leave his home. Ever since then, he comes out
only at night.
2、NATHAN HALE
The young American stood quietly while the British guards searched
his clothes. They found nothing. “If they don’t find the maps in my
boot,” he thought, “maybe they will let me go. Then I’ll try to
send the maps to General Washington.”
“Take off your boots,” one of the guards ordered. The American’s
heart beat faster. He took off his boots and handed them to the
guard.
The guard looked inside one boot, then the other.
“Use your knife, man!” ordered the British officer nearby.
The guard brought out his knife and cut one boot open. He stopped
suddenly and the American knew what it meant. The maps of the
British army’s defence works!
The guard took the American to General Howe. The general looked at
the maps. “I see you’ve made some drawing of our defence works,” he
said. “This can only mean one thing.”
“Yes, sir.”
“Do you have anything to say to yourself?”
“No, nothing.”
“What’s your name?”
“Nathan Hale.”
“Rank?”
“Captain.”
The general studied the maps a few more minutes. “Captain Hale,”
he said finally. “I’ve never seen such fine drawings. You know, we
could use a man like you. Why not join us? You won’t have to worry
about rank or pay.”
Nathan Hale looked straight at the general. “Nothing could make me
turn against my country!”
“Then there’s only one thing I can do, you understand?”
“Yes, sir.”
“You will be hanged as a spy early tomorrow morning.”
* * *
Nathan Hale looked around as the British soldier put the rope
around his neck.
“Now, Nathan Hale.” said the British officer. “Let’s hear what you
have to say before you die.”
Nathan Hale took a last look at his beautiful country and said, “I
only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country.”
3、A QUESTION OF PRONOUNCIATION
This happened in London. It was November and the weather was very
wet and cold.
A Frenchman had caught a very bad cold. He coughed day and night.
So he decided to go and get some medicine for his cough. As he did
not know much English, he got out his dictionary and looked up the
word “cough”. But the dictionary did not tell him how to pronounce
the word. He thought it over and remembered that he had learned the
word “plough”. He remembered that it was pronounced [plau]. So he
thought that c-o-u-g-h must be pronounced [kau].
Then he put on his coat and hat and went to a chemist’s shop. When
the man in the shop asked him what he wanted, the Frenchman
said:
“I want something for my cow, please.”
The man in the shop looked at him. Had he heard him
correctly?
“I beg your pardon, sir?” he asked.
The Frenchman repeated: “I want some medicine for my cow.”
“For your cow?” asked the man. “Are you a farmer?”
“A farmer?” said the Frenchman in surprise. “What makes you think
I’m a farmer? I come from Paris. I’m not a farmer.”
“Where’s your cow, then?” asked the man in the shop.
“It’s here!” replied the Frenchman. He put his hand on his chest
and began to cough. “Here it is!” he said. “I’ve a very bad cow
here.”
Then the man in the shop understood what the Frenchman meant. He
wanted some medicine for his cough.
4、THE ARAB IN THE DESERT
An Arab was walking alone through the desert when he met two men.
The men looked worried. It seemed that they had lost something. The
Arab went over to them.
“Have you lost one of your camels?” he asked them.
“Yes,” they said.
“Was he blind in the right eye and lame in the left foot?” asked
the Arab.
“Yes, he was.”
“Had he lost a tooth and was he carrying corn?”
“Yes,” said the men. “Please tell us where he is.”
“I don’t know where he is,” said the Arab. “I’ve never seen such
an animal.”
“Did someone tell you about him?”
“No.”
The two men looked at each other in surprise. They could not
believe the Arab’s words. Finally, they came up close to him, took
hold of him, and shouted:
“Where’s the animal? And what have you done with our goods?”
The Arab insisted that he had never seen the camel. At last the
men took him before a judge. They said that the Arab had stolen
their camel.
“I’ve never seen their camel,” insisted the Arab. “But I’m a man
of the desert, and I’ve learned to look carefully at everything I
see. This morning I saw the tracks of a lost camel. I knew this
because there were no man’s tracks near those of the camel. I also
saw that the camel must be blind in the right eye, because he had
only eaten the grass on his left side and had not touched the grass
on his right. The animal was lame because with one foot he left a
track much lighter than any of the others. He had lost a tooth,
because wherever he ate grass, there was always a small space left
untouched. I also found groups of ants near the tracks of the
camel. They were pulling pieces of corn. From these facts I was
able to tell what goods the animal was carrying.”
The judge and the two men were satisfied with what the Arab had
said. Together the four men set out to look for the lost
animal.
5、THE SEAGULLS OF SALT LAKE CITY
Salt Lake City is a beautiful city in the west of North America.
The name comes from a great lake nearby. The city lies in a valley
with high mountains all around it. But long ago there was almost
nothing in this place and were very few people living here.
More than a hundred years ago, a group of men, women and children
moved from the east to the west. They had travelled a long way. At
last these brave people came to the great mountains by the salt
lake. They crossed the mountains and reached this quiet place. They
decided to stay here, and so they built their homes and made their
farms. This was where Salt Lake City now lies.
The people had to work hard on their farms, because their lives
depended on their crops.
One day while they were working in their field, some farmers saw
something strange in the sky.
'What’s that?' asked one of them.
'Where?' asked another, as he stopped to look.
'Over there, 'was the reply.
They saw something like a cloud coming, but it was too low in the
sky. As they watched, it came nearer and nearer. Suddenly a shout
went up: 'Locusts! Millions of them!'
The words put fear into the heart of all, because they knew what
locusts could do, and they had never seen so many of them
before.
In no time the locusts came down and started eating and everything
- the wheat, the corn, the grass and the leaves on the trees.
The farmers brought out things to fight the locusts. They tried
everything. But while they were killing the locusts in one place,
millions more arrived in another. What could the farmers do?
Suddenly there was a great noise. As they looked up, they saw
another cloud coming towards them. To their surprise, they saw not
locusts this time, but seagulls. The farmers cried out, 'They’ve
came to eat what the locusts have left。'
But to their joy, they found that the seagulls had come to eat not
the crops, but the locusts. They had seen or smelled the locusts
and had come from the Salt Lake City. Now they were eating the
locusts! In a short while they ate up millions of them. The farmers
crops were saved.
The people were very thankful. They decided that from then on no
one should ever kill a seagull. And today, if you go to Salt Lake
City, you can see a monument with seagulls on top of it.
6、复习课
7、THE PYRAMIDS
Thousands of years ago, the king of Egypt built strong tombs for
themselves. Over these tombs they built pyramids. They thought
their bodies would be well kept in these until they could come back
to life. They also hoped the world would look on the pyramids as
monuments to them and would remember them for ever.
There are around 80 pyramids in Egypt. But the Great Pyramid is
the biggest of all. It is nearly 5,000 years old. It is about 137
meters high today, but it was once higher. It is made of 2,300,000
huge stones. Most of them are higher than a man and weigh about two
and a half tons each. Some weigh as much as fifteen tons.
It took more than 100,000 men twenty years to build the Great
Pyramid.
When you look at the pyramids, you can’t help wondering how the
Egyptians were able to build them thousands of years ago. How did
they cut, carry and lift such huge stones? Each stone fits so well,
yet they didn’t have our modern machines! Scientists have studied
the pyramids, but nobody can tell just how the Egyptians built them
so long ago.
Inside the pyramids are the rooms for the bodies of the kings and
queens. There are lots of wonderful treasures in the pyramids, too.
Thieves have broken into some of the pyramids and taken away many
of the treasures to foreign countries. They have even stolen the
mummies. Today some of the mummies and treasures are on show in
museums in different countries. When the kings had the pyramids
built for them, they perhaps never thought this would happen.
8、ONCE A THIEF, ALWAYS A THIEF?
Mr. Smith, the boss of a small factory, once hired a young worker
called John Hill. On the first day, Mr. Smith took John to one of
his workshops and introduced him to the other workers. The men
introduced themselves to John and showed him around
the factory. Then John started to work.
John was good at his job. Soon he got a rise. And he got on well
with his workmates. He hoped they would like him.
But one morning John noticed that his workmates were looking at
him and talking in low voices. Then Bob, one of the workmates, came
up to him and asked whether it was true that he had been a thief
and had just come out of prison. John’s heart sank. He had been
afraid of this all along. He told them that he had been in prison,
but he was no longer a thief and wanted to forget the past.
The workers went to Mr. Smith and asked him to fire John. Mr.
Smith explained to them that John had told him all about his past
when he asked for a job in his factory. That showed John was
honest. Since a lot of people make mistakes in life, Mr. Smith
wanted to give John a chance. The workers went back and John
stayed. But after that they were not as friendly to him as
before.
One afternoon about a week later, Bob could not find his wallet.
He went to John and asked whether he had seen his wallet. But John
said he knew nothing about it. When Bob tried to catch hold of his
arm, John hit him in his face. Bob fell to the ground and blood ran
down his nose.
Mr. Smith came out to see what was happening. The workers again
asked him to let John go. They said they would all leave if John
stayed. Mr. Smith knew what that would mean. So he had to give in
had say sorry to John.
Just at the moment, in came a woman. It was Bob’s wife. She called
out, “Bob, you forgot your wallet when you left home this morning.
I thought you would need it, so I brought it over to you.”
Everyone looked at Bob.
“John, I … I’m sorry,” said Bob with a red face.
“John, I want to apologize - for us all,” said Mr. Smith. “Please
stay with us. This is a lesson for Bob, for me, and for all of us.”
9、EDISON’S BOYHOOD
Thomas Edison was born in 1847. When he was a child, he liked to
find out how things worked. One day when he was five, his father
saw him sitting on some eggs, and asked what he was doing that for.
Tom did not reply. Instead, he asked his father why he was not able
to hatch chickens while hens could.
Young Tom was in school for only three months. During those three
months, he asked a lot of questions. Most of them had nothing to do
with his lessons. His teacher did not know why the boy had so many
strange questions. He told Tom’s mother that Tom was not bright and
was not worth teaching. His mother took him out of school and
taught him herself. The boy read a lot. He became very interested
in science.
By the time he was ten, he had already built a chemistry lab for
himself. He planted vegetables in his garden and sold them to buy
what he need for his lab.
Once his mother was ill and she sent for a doctor. The doctor said
she needed an operation at once. But it was night and the lamp in
the room gave poor light. Edison thought hard. Finally he had an
idea. He collected all the lamps in the house and put them and put
then on a long table. Then he placed a big mirror behind them. Now
there was enough light, so the doctor could operate. Edison’s
mother was saved.
At the age of twelve, Edison began selling newspapers on a train.
When he was free, he printed a newspaper and sold copies to the
railway workers.
One day in August, 1862, Edison saw a little boy playing on the
tracks at a station. A train was coming near quickly, and the boy
was too frightened to move. Edison rushed out and carried the boy
to safety. The boy’s father was so thankful that he taught Edison
how to send messages by railway telegraph. Edison soon became very
good at it and later he left home to work in different cities. This
gave him a start in life. At that time he was just a boy of
sixteen.
10、DR BETHUNE
It was late on the night of October 20, 1939, when Dr Bethune was
busy working in a field hospital. An Eighth Route Army man riding a
horse came from the front. He told Dr Bethune that the front was in
great need of medical workers. Immediately, Dr Bethune set off with
a medical team.
On their way, they met a group of wounded Eighth Route Army men.
They took the wounded soldiers into a small temple at once and
Bethune began to operate on them.
Dr Bethune went on working throughout the night. When someone
asked him to have a rest, he just went on working. To him, the most
important thing was to save lives. He had no time to think about
rest.
The next day while an operation was going on, a young man ran in
and said to the doctors, 'Several hundred enemy soldiers are
coming.' Soon they heard the sound of guns. But Dr Bethune still
went on his work.
Twenty minutes later, when Bethune was operating on the leg of the
last wounded soldier, the guns sounded much closer. Again the young
man rushed in and told Dr Bethune not to go on operating any more.
'Comrade Bethune, you must leave now!' he cried.
'Let me go on with the operation,' said one of the doctors. 'You
must leave right now, Dr Bethune. Hurry!'
'Please go, Doctor,' begged the wounded soldier himself. 'It’s not
a bad wound. Take me with you, or leave me here, but please go
before the enemy comes.'
'Never mind, my boy, it won’t take long,' said Dr Bethune. 'If I
spend a few more minutes on it now, I can save your leg. But I
don’t, you’ll lose it.'
The guns sounded still closer now, but Dr Bethune worked on. He
and the other doctors did not leave until the operation was
over.
By that time the Japanese were already very near. As Bethune and
the other doctors were climbing the hills, they could see the enemy
entering the village in the valley below.
11、THE FISHERMAN AND THE GENIE
Once upon a time there was an old fisherman. He went fishing very
early every morning, but he never cast his net more than four times
a day.
One morning, he went out early to the sea. He cast his net for the
first time, and drew in the body of an animal. He cast it a second
time, and drew in an old basket full of sand. He cast it a third
time, and drew in a lot of stones. It seemed he would have nothing
to take home that morning.
Day had now broken, and he cast his net for last time. After some
time, he began to draw the net in. He found it was very heavy. But
there were not any fish in it. Instead he found a jar with a lid.
He shook the jar, but could hear nothing. So he took off the lid
and looked inside. He could see nothing. After a while a light
smoke came slowly out of the jar. Then little by little, the smoke
grew heavier and thicker till finally it turned into a terrible
Genie!
'Get down on your knees,' said the Genie, 'for I’m going to kill
you.'
'Why? Didn’t I set you free from the jar?'
'That’s why I’m going to kill you, but I’ll let you choose how
you’re going to die.'
'But why?'
'Listen, and I will tell you my story.'
'I was one of the spirits in heaven. But I did not want to obey
Solomon’s orders. So one day, he put me in this jar and threw it
into the sea.
'During the first hundred years of my stay in the sea, I made a
promise that if anyone set me free I would make him very rich. But
no one came. During the second hundred years, I promised that if
anyone set me free I would show him all the treasures in the world.
But still no one came. During the third hundred years, I promised
that if anyone came to set me free, I would make him king over the
earth.
'Still no one came. Then I became very angry, and decided that if
anyone should set me free I would kill him at once. Now you have
come and set me free. So you must die, but I will let you say how
you want to die.'
The fisherman was not frightened. He said: 'Since I must die, I
must. But before I die, answer me one question.'
'All right, but be quick.'
'Were you really in the jar? You are so big and the jar is so
small that it could hardly hold one of your feet.'
'Of course I was in the jar. Don’t you believe me?'
'No, and I won’t until I’ve seen you in the jar with my own
eyes.'
When he heard this, the Genie changed into smoke. Slowly the smoke
went back into the jar. When all of it was in the jar, the
fisherman quickly put the lid on and threw it back into the
sea.
怀旧：古老的英语书6
——1984版初中英语第六册
1、ENGLISH IS WIDELY USED
Ping: Dad, I got a 'C' in English again. I tried my best.
Dad: Well, don’t give up. English may be hard, but it’s so
useful.
Ping: How widely is English used?
Dad: Very widely. English is one of the working languages at
international meetings. It’s probably the most widely used at those
meetings. And do you know most international business letters are
written in English?
Ping: Really? Is English understood by people outside England and
the United States?
Dad: Yes. I spoke English when I was in Japan. Many people
understood me.
Ping: How about other countries?
Dad: Well, I know that in Sweden and France a lot of people
understand English.
Ping: Is English the language spoken by the largest number of
people in the world?
Dad: No.
Ping: Then Chinese must have the largest number of
speakers.
Dad: Right. But Chinese is spoken by few people outside
China.
Ping: Dad, did people in China study English a long time
ago?
Dad: Not so very long ago. In China the first English textbooks
were published in the late nineteenth century.
Ping: Did many people in China study English at that time?
Dad: No, not many. But by and by, more and more people began to
study English. Later, English was required for study in many
schools.
Ping: It’s required in our school now. But, Dad, English is so
hard!
Dad: It is hard, but when you’ve learned it, you’ll find it a
bridge to so much knowledge. And you’ll find you can enjoy so many
more books, if you know English.
Ping: Well, I’ll try harder.
2、JOE HILL
You may know the song about Joe Hill. But do you know that the
song was written about a real person?
Here is the story of Joe Hill.
He was born in Sweden in 1879. When he was in his twenties he went
to the United States and became a worker. At that time, things were
hard for the workers. Joe took an active part in the workers’
struggles for better pay and better conditions. He helped to form
trade unions. He spoke at meetings and organized strikes.
Joe was a good musician and at the meetings he sang and played the
piano. He himself wrote the words and music of the songs. Many of
these songs called on the workers to take up the struggle.
Joe Hill was a tall, thin, good-looking man. He had fair hair and
blue eyes. His comrades liked him, but the bosses hated him,
because they were afraid of his work among the workers and afraid
of his songs. He was a fearless fighter for the working
class.
In 1915 Joe Hill led a strike in Salt Lake City. The bosses knew
that Joe Hill was the soul of the strike and decided to get rid of
him. They needed an excuse and they soon found one. One day a man
was murdered. The bosses then brought out a man who said that Joe
was the murderer. Joe was tried and sentenced to death. He was shot
on November 19, 1915.
Even while he was in prison, Joe Hill went on writing songs to
keep up the workers’ fight. Just before he was killed, he sent a
message to his comrades all over the country. These were his last
words: “Don’t waste time mourning. Organize.”
On the day he was killed, a speaker at a big meeting said: “Joe
Hill isn’t dead! He will never die!” To this day his name is
remembered by fighting workers in the United States.
3、DUSTMEN ON STRIKE
It is Thursday morning. No dustmen come to the Turners’ road. They
are still on strike. And the rubbish has not been collected for
weeks.
The Turners are sitting at the breakfast table. Mr. Turner is
reading the newspaper. It is time for Robert to go to school.
Robert: I’d better be going. ‘Bye.
Mrs. Turner: Oh, Robert, take the bag of rubbish out to the
dustbin, please.
Robert: But where can I put it? The dustbin is full, Mum.
Mrs. Turner: Hasn’t it been emptied yet? Well, just put it near
the dustbin, then.
Robert: All right. ‘Bye.
Mrs. Turner: This really is too bad. The dustbins haven’t been
emptied for three weeks.
Mr. Turner: Hm?
Mrs. Turner: All the dustbins are full, and there are bags of
rubbish everywhere. The whole street has been turned into one big
rubbish dump. It smells terrible.
Mr. Turner: And it can bring more trouble.
Mrs. Turner: More trouble?
Mr. Turner: Yes, we’ve been warned to be careful of rats.
Mrs. Turner: Aren’t the dustmen going back to work yet?
Mr. Turner: No, they aren’t. Look, there’s a report here in the
newspaper, with pictures. I’ll read it to you.
(reads) STRIKE DOES ON
Things are getting worse. No rubbish has been collected since the
dustmen went on strike three weeks ago. Dustbins are full, and
plastic bags full of rubbish have been piled in the streets. The
smell is terrible. In some places rats have even been seen, and
people have been warned to be careful.
The public wants to know: why hasn’t anything been done to end the
strike? The dustmen say that they are badly paid and they want more
money. They are not going back to work until they get it. But that
is not all. They want to make it clear to the public that they do
an important and necessary job.
Mrs. Turner: That’s true. Their job is important and necessary to
us all.
Mr. Turner: Something must be done to end the strike.
4、WATER, STEAM AND ICE
We have all played with snow and ice. When a piece of ice is
taken into a warm room, it becomes smaller and smaller, until in
the end it disappears completely. Where has it gone? It has been
turned into water by the heat.
In winter, when clothes are washed they don’t dry easily. They
are often hung up near a fire. Soon steam can be seen rising from
the wet clothes. The water in them is being turned into vapor, and
they get drier and drier. When no more steam comes out, they must
be taken away from the heat of the fire, ir they might get
burnt.
If you hold a mirror close in front of your mouth and blow on it,
you will find the glass covered at once with little drops of water.
The warm water vapor in your breath has been changed into water on
the cold glass. Now stop blowing, and soon you will find the glass
clear again - the little drops of water has disappeared because
they have again been turned into vapor by the warm air around
them.
Leave a basin of water outside in freezing weather, and it will
soon be covered with ice. If it is not taken inside the room,
sooner or later the whole basin of water may be turned into a block
of ice.
Most matter has three states: solid, liquid and gas. Solids can
usually be turned into liquids and liquids into gases if we raise
their temperature high enough. On the other hand, gases can often
be turned into liquids and liquids into solids if they are made
cold enough.
This change of state is a physical change and not a chemical one.
If a piece of wood is heated to a high temperature, it begins to
burn. Light and heat are sent out, together with heavy smoke, and
soon only black charcoal is left. They is called a chemical
change.
5、CUMPUTERS
The computer is a wonderful machine. It is the most important
invention in many years. Today it is used a great deal in many
ways. By the year 2,000 the computer will probably touch the lives
of everyone, even people in faraway village.
The oldest kind of computer is abacus, used in China centuries
ago. In the seventeenth century an adding machine was invented, but
the first large, modern computer was built in 1946. A computer then
could do 5,000 adding problems in one second. Now computers can
work millions of times faster.
Today most computers have a memory. That means information can be
stored in them and be taken out anytime needed. Computers are
getting smaller and smaller, and computing faster and faster. Even
in a large computer, the part that does the computing is now only
about as big as the end of a finger.
Computers can do many kinds of work. For example, when someone
buys something in a big shop, information about the sale is put
into a computer. During the night the computer works on the
information from all the sales that day. The next morning, the
manager has a report on everything that was sold and also on
everything that will soon be sold out.
In research about the moon, a lot of information is put into
computers. A scientist can then “ask” the computer questions, and
the computer “answers” on the screen. It is almost like talking to
another scientist.
Another computer programme has information about different
illnesses. A doctor can talk to the computer and explain what is
wrong with a person. The computer will then tell what to do. If the
doctor asks why, the computer goes through its memory and gives the
reason.
In some large factories there are very few people. Robots do most
of work. For example, in a car factory, when a different type of
car comes along the line, the robot changes its work, just as a
human would do. How does the robot know this? A computer “tells” it
what to do.
In the last few years there have been great changes in computers.
They now can do most of the things people can do, though most
scientists agree that computers cannot completely take the place of
humans. Who knows what the computers of tomorrow will be like? Will
they make life better, or will they bring suffering to people? The
students of today will have to decide how to use the computers of
tomorrow.
6、复习课
7、A LESSON FROM NATURE
Not many years ago, some farmers were worried because hawks were
taking many of their chickens. The farmers did not know what to do.
Finally they went to the officials and ask for help.
“Kill the hawks,” the officials said. “We’ll even pay you for
them.” So the farmers began to think of ways to kill hawks.
The farmers killed many hawks. Before long they didn’t have to
worry about their chickens. But they now had a new worry. Field
mice were eating up a lot of the farmers’ grain.
How did this happen?
Hawks eat not only chickens but also field mice. They eat mice
field mice than chickens. But the farmers did not know this. When
they killed a lot of hawks, they changed the balance of
nature.
When people move into a new place, they often destroy many wild
plants. Many of these plants are food for the animals. If the
animals cannot find enough plants to eat, they will starve or have
to leave the place.
In one part of the United States, for example, the deer there like
to eat a certain kind of wild rose. The mountain lions there eat
the deer. The number of deer, mountain lions, and wild roses does
not change much if people leave things as they are.
But people killed many mountain lions in order to protect the
deer. Soon there were so many deer that they ate up all the wild
roses. Then the deer began to eat the green leaves of the young
trees. The trees were important to the farmers. So the farmers
thought of ways to protect their trees. Now the deer had nothing to
eat, and many of them died. This was another lesson from
nature.
It is important for us to keep the balance of nature. This is the
lesson we should remember.
8、GOOD MANNERS
Manners are important to happy relations among people. Everyone
likes a person with good manners. No one likes a person with bad
manners. But what are good manners? How does one know what to do
and what not to do?
Well, here are some examples.
A person with good manners never laughs at people when they are in
trouble. Instead, he tries to help them. He is always kind to
others. When people are waiting for a bus, he takes his turn. He
does not push to the front of the line. On the bus he gives his
seat to an older person or a person with a very young child. If he
knocks into someone, or gets in his way, he says 'excuse me' or
'I’m sorry'.
He says 'please' when he ask for something and thank you when he
receives something. He stands up when he is speaking to an older
person, and he does not sit down until the other person takes his
seat. He does not interrupt other people when they are talking. He
does not talk too much. He does not talk loudly or laugh loudly in
public. When he is eating he does not speak with his mouth full of
food. He uses a handkerchief when he sneezes or coughs. He does not
spit in public.
As a student, it is bad manners to come late to class. If you are
late you should make an apology to the teacher either at the time
or after class. It is also bad manners to keep silent when the
teacher asks you a question. If you do not know the answer, say so
immediately. If you do know, answer in a loud enough voice so that
all the class may hear. It is polite for the students to help the
teacher. Sometimes students can help their teachers to clean the
blackboard, to close or open the door or windows. Sometimes there
are papers to collect or to hand out. This kind of help is always
appreciated.
Ideas of what are good manners are not always the same in
different countries. But in all countries it is important to be
kind and helpful.
9、LOOK CAREFULLY AND LEARN
My friend Carl will never forget a certain professor. This
professor taught him chemistry at the university. He was an
ordinary-looking little man with thick glasses, but he had a
strange way of making his classes lively and interesting. And the
lessons he taught were not easily forgotten.
Carl remembers one of his first lessons from this professor. After
the students were all in the chemistry lab, the professor brought
out three bottles. One was filled kerosene, one with castor oil,
and one with vinegar. 'Now watch carefully,' said the professor.
'Pay attention to everything that I do.'
He then filled a cup with some of the kerosene, some of the castor
oil and some of the vinegar. As the students watched with
fascination, he mixed the three together. After that, he held up
one of his finger and showed it to the class. He then dipped it
into the cup. After a few seconds he took his finger out. 'Now
watch,' he said. 'Remember, you must do everything that I
do.'
He put his finger in his mouth and sucked it. He nodded with a
smile. Then he handed the cup around the class of students. Each
student dipped a finger into the mixture and sucked it. Each
immediately made a face. The mixture tasted horrible.
When the cup was at last returned to the professor, he shook his
head sadly. 'I’m sorry,' he said to the class, 'but none of you
watch carefully enough. Yes, I sucked a finger, but the finger I
put into my mouth was not the one I had dipped into the cup.'
It was their first important lesson as students of chemistry and
they never forgot it.
10、复习课
