2018杭州特训营结营测试翻译题目解析
2017-02-20 11:53阅读:

Section IV Translation
Directions: Read the following sentences, translate English into
Chinese. Write your answer on the answer sheet.
(20points)
71. Owing to the remarkable
development in mass-communications,
people everywhere are feeling new wants and are
being exposed to new customs and ideas, while governments are often
forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given
above.
【解析】
1. 语法:本句是个并列句,由while引导两个句子并列,表示对比关系,翻译成“而”。Owing
to(因为,由于)是个表示原因的短语,主语people后面接了两个并列谓语are
feeling
和are
being
exposed
to。While后面接的句子结构较简单,其中for
the
reasons
given
above是个表原因的介词短语,given
above是过去分词做后置定语,修饰前面的名词reasons。
2. 词汇:owing
to
因为,由于;
mass-communications 大众通讯;
people everywhere 所有的人,各地的人;
new wants 新的需求(要求,需要) ;
being exposed to 接触到,感受到;
customs and ideas 习俗和思想;
introduce 推出,采取,施行;
innovations 革新,革新措施;
for the reasons given above
由于上述原因
【译文】由于大众通讯的显著发展,所有的人都不断感到有新的需求,并不断接触到新的习俗和思想,由于上述原因,各国政府不得不经常采取更进一步的革新措施。
72. Teachers may teach very well and more than earn their salaries,
but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human
problems which involve moral judgment.
【解析】
1.语法:
整个句子是由but并列的两个句子构成,第一个并列句的主干部分是They may teach„,
and more than earn….;
第二个并列句的主干是most of them make„reflections
on„,后面的which定语从句修饰human problems。
2.词汇:
They may teach very
well中的They指代的应该是上文的“teachers老师”。
more
than后面接动词的时候,需要翻译为“不只是,不仅仅”。more than earn
their salaries可以翻译为:并且不仅仅是为了挣钱。
reflection//n. 影像,反射;深思,思考,想法 ;词组make reflections
on„是“对„进行思考”的意思。
little是“很少”的意思,而no则是“完全没有”。这两个词否定程度不一样。
【译文】他们可能很教书教得好,并且不仅仅是为了挣钱。但是他们大多数人对涉及道德判断的人类问题几乎没有或者根本没有进行独立思考。
73. While there are almost as many definitions of history as there
are historians, modern practice most closely
conforms to one that sees
history as the attempt to
recreate and explain the significant events
of the past.
【解析】
1.语法:
本题考核的知识点是:while句型、as...as...结构的译法。
该句为简单的复合句,主干是:While..., modern practice... conform to one
that...。理解的关键在于while从句,这里的while不是“当…时候”,而是“一方面…,另一方面…”或“…,但是”。这种用法的while表示轻微的转折,其要求是while必须用在句首。
as...as...是同级比较,进行抽象意义上的比较,需要灵活翻译(可参照以前翻译题中出现的more...than...,
less...more...)。在这个句子中没有必要译成“象…一样多的…”,可以直译为“有多少历史学家就有多少对历史下的定义”,或者更符合汉语习惯:“每个历史学家对历史下的定义各有不同”。
主句中,one是承接上文的definitions,表示one definition;that
sees...as...past是one的定语从句;attempt后面的不定式to recreate and
explain做定语修饰attempt。
2.词汇:
modern practice在这里的意思实际是the practice of modern
historians(现代史学家的实践);
conform to意为“符合、遵守一般的规则、准则”;
see...as...意为“把…看作”;
significant events在这篇具体讨论关于历史学的文章中应该译成“史实”。
【译文】几乎每个历史学家对史学都有自己的界定,但是现代史学家的实践最趋于认为历史学试图重现过去的重大史实并对其做出解释。
74. Information and knowledge will become even more vital, and the
people who possess it,
whether they work in manufacturing or services, will have the
advantage and produce the wealth.
【解析】
1.语法:本句有4组谓语动词,其中主句谓语动词为will become和will have and
produce。
whether引导让步状语从句为插入语。
拆分句子:
主句: 1) Information and knowledge will become even
more vital, and the people will have the advantages and produce the
wealth.
定语从句:2) People who possess it. 修饰and之后的the people
状语从句:3) Whether they work in manufacturing or services.
2. 词汇: possess vt. 控制;使掌握;持有
manufacturing n 制造业,工业 services
n服务业
【译文】 信息和知识将会变得更加重要,而且掌握它们的人们,不论是在制造业还是服务业,都将会拥有优势,创造财富。
75. “Some of us have known for many, many years that the freedoms
under the First Amendment are not totally unlimited,” says Luce. “I
think it is perhaps the case that some people associated with the
company have only recently come to realize this.”
【解析】
1. 语法
1) that the freedoms under the First Amendment are not totally
unlimited 是一个由that引导的宾语从句,做谓语动词have known 的宾语。
2)① I think//② it is perhaps the case// ③that some people
associated with the company have only recently come to realize
this.
① 句中的I 是主语 ,think 是谓语,后接宾语从句,省略了引导宾语从句的连词that
② 从句主语是it,谓语是is, perhaps是副词,作状语,the case是表语,the
case就是这种情况,这种案例,后接that引导的同位语从句,名词 that 不缺成分的句子,即为同位语从句。
③ 同位语从句主语是 some people,后面的associated with the
company是people的定语,就是和这个公司有联系的人,定语从句的谓语是have come to realize, come
to realize开始意识到的完成时,only recently是修饰的时间状语,在这个定语从句中this作宾语。
2. 词汇
1)the First Amendment 第一修正案(美国宪法,内容有关新闻、出版自由等)
2)associated with
与…有关系;与…相联系
【译文】
“我们中的一些人多年来一直知道,《宪法》第一修正案所规定的自由并非毫无限制”,鲁斯说,“我认为与公司有关系的一些人可能最近才意识到这一点”。