转:Jason-1(2)、T/P 卫星高度计数据产品和数据集简介
2012-12-27 20:19阅读:
原文网址:http://hi.baidu.com/yangleir/item/b3733fc3376d27300931c6cf
Jason-1(2) 卫星高度计数据产品和数据集
Q:
有哪些类型的测高数据文件?
各自特点?
如何获取?
如何读数据?
==========================
本文只介绍
Jason
T/P卫星系列(没有涉及ENVISAT系列:ERS-1,ERS-2、RA2)。
因数据生产的时间和单位不一样,数据的格式和种类略有区别,但大部分的测高卫星数据都可用brat软件读取。
另外数据产品和数据文件之间还有较为详细的隶属关系,测高卫星数据产品较多,数据文件更多。
例如OGDR数据,包含三种数据文件(files),和具体的数据文件也不是等同,有包含关系。
Jason-2有三种数据类型,9种数据文件,每个类型有三种文件。
本文不能一一叙述,凭自己微薄之力,不能完全覆盖各种数据,只是列出最常见的,希望大家相互交流学习,共为卫星测高发展。
1 数据类型
1.1数据级别
根据数据产生的时间先后、精度高低,高度计数据分为以下几种级别。注意不是研究中的实际数据类,实际数据有附加的标记,如-M(merge),O(operational)I
(internal),。
i.
遥测数据teleme
try
data(raw
data)level1。
ii.
感应器数据senior
data
records(engineering
units
)level1。
iii.
地球物理数据Geophysical
Data
Record(geophysical
units
)
level2。
iv.
沿轨数据产品如SLA(fullycorrected
sea
level
anomalies)level
3。They
result
from
an
optimal
cross
calibration
of
all
in-flightaltimetry
sateillites
and
are
available
free
of
charge
in
near
real
time
andoffline.
v.
格网数据gridded
products
resulting
from
optimal
analysis
as
mapped
SLA
andmapped
ADT.
They
are
available
free
of
charge
for
scientific
studies
only.
1.2数据产品
1.2.1
GDR-M
(geographical
data
record
-merged
)
GDR-Ms
are
altimeter
products
onAVISO/Altimetry
CD
ROMs
containing
merged
TOPEX/POSEIDONGeophysicalData
Records
(GDR-Ms,
version
C).
GDR-Ms
are
generated
from
TOPEX
andPOSEIDON
measurements
to
reinforce
unity
of
the
TOPEX/POSEIDON
mission
i.e.they
are
designed
scientifically
to
be
as
homogeneous
as
possible
to
use
in
oceanand
geophysical
studies.
To
achieve
this,
special
attention
was
paidon
various
elements
of
the
original
GDRs.
Generally
speaking,
no
information
is
lost
when
going
from
GDR-Ts
and
GDR-Ps(同样是结果校正和确认的地球物理数据,分别是高度计Topex和Poseidond的数据,可能没有形成产品。-M则表示融合了2个高度计的数据。这可以看做是高度计数据融合的成功应用)
to
GDR-Ms.
Computationsof
some
other
elements
are
possible
because
they
do
not
depend
on
sensormeasurements.
Basically,
GDR-M
includes
the
measurementlocations
based
on
orbit
ephemeris,
altimeter
height
measurements
andassociated
corrections.
When
TOPEX
andPOSEIDON
altimeters
do
not
provide
any
measurements,
the
GDR-M
does
not
includeany
records(也就是说自己不去拟合数据).A
GDR-M
consists
of
ten-day
repeat
cycles
of
data.
It
is
organized
as
a
cycleheader
file
and
a
maximum
of
254
pass-files
(about
200
Mb
per
cycle).
A
pass-file
contains
altimeter
data
from
asatellite
pass
(half
a
revolution).
Elementary
records
of
a
pass-file
areone
per
second(采样频率是1Hz),
but
may
be
discontinuous
if
measurements
are
not
available。
里面有基本的观测量(后弦散射系数,距离,还有有效浪高)和改正数等。可用brat软甲读取。

软件中显示字段的列表。

数据分布(中国区域,后弦散射系数,brat软件制作)
1.2.2
OSDR-operational
senior
data
record
(Jason-1称为此,Jason-2则称为OGDR)
是未确认(non-validateddata
)的数据,轨道精度低(只用了DORIS定轨,radial
accuracies
优于4cm),没有进行波形重定。
1.2.3
IGDR
-
interim
geographical datarecord (Jason
-1
Jason
-2都有此称呼)
同样是不完全确认(non-fullyvalidated
)的数据,轨道精度提高(综合了Doris,GPS,SLR,radial
accuracies
优于2.5cm),且进行了波形重定。与OSDR不同的是IGDR包含了所有的环境和地球物理改正。含有Ku和C波段1Hz(为主)和20Hz(较少,含有轨道和高度计高度)的数据。
1.2.4
GDR
geographical
data
record
是完全确认的数据,轨道精度高,进行了波形重定.
1.2.5SDR
原始的感应器数据,TP称谓
1.2.6SIGDR
senior
interim
geographical
datarecord
,感应器临时地球物理数据,含有波形数据
1.2.6
SGRD
senior
geographical
data
record
含有波形数据的地球物理数据集。比S(I)DR高级。
1.2.7WDR
waveform
data
record
只含有波形数据T/P有此称谓。
1.3简单比较
Jason-1卫星有OSDR
IGDR
GDR
三种级别

IGDR
OSDR
GDR有什么?
GDR有的IGDR都有,数据存储结构和GDR一样(Netcdf-
Network
Common
Data
Form,一种常用的气象数据存储格式,详情请登录:
http://www.unidata.ucar.edu/software/netcdf/),有头信息和科学数据信息.
OSDR
则是较原始的数据,准实时的,使用相对较少。和IGDR,GDR内容不同,内部含有感应器的原始记录数据,,一般为数据处理中心的人员使用,较少分发,不为外人所用。波形数据也是从
SGRD(校正之后的感应器地球物理数据)中读取。
GDR与IGDR的区别。

(Jason-2数据之别,
与Jason-1
的分类不同的是OSDR变成了OGDR
(O)(I)GDR
products
are
identical
except
forthe
following
differences
regarding
the
auxiliary
data
used
in
the
processing:

Jason-2
数据产品和数据集

All
nine
files
contain
sea
surface
height,ocean
surface
wind
speed,
significant
wave
height
information
and
all
requiredcorrections.
The
NetCDF
files
differin
the
amount
andtype
of
auxiliary
data
included
but
the
product
format
is
the
same.
)
卫星测高数据类型时间先后,精度高低问题
针对Jason-1
t/p后续卫星,与envisat系列不同
OSDR
(operational
senior
data
record
)non-validated
near
real
time
3hours
latency
OGDR
(Operational
Geophysical
Data
Record
(OGDR)
produced
in
near
realtime)Jason-2数据没有OSDR之称谓,OGDR类似与OSDR。
IGDR(version
:a
b
c)2-3
天延迟(注意延迟时间,Jason-2不同于Jason-1)
GDR(version
a
b
c
)
30天延迟
GDR-M(merged
data)
延迟时间较长,因为需要混合T/P两个高度计的数据。肯定在GDR-T和GDR-P之后生产。
2数据获取和读取
2.1获取
用于科学研究是免费的。具体操作可参考数据使用协议(如:LICENCE
TO
USE
AVISO
PRODUCTS)。
Jason-2数据生产单位:
准实时的OGDR(OGDR,
OGDR-SSHA,
and
OGDR-BUFRfiles)由NOAA和EUMETSAT共同生产,二者都有一个数据下载地面站,互相交换数据,使用户都能得到完整的数据。
IGDR
GDR有CNES生产,由CNES(AVISO:
http://www.aviso.oceanobs.com
)和NASA(CLASS:
http://www.class.noaa.gov )存档分发。
Jason-1
数据由两个机构共同分发。科学研究用途的数据方法有地理安排协议(CNES-NASA
agreement),分发给不同地区的研究者。
a:AVISO
HTTP://WWW.aviso.cnes.net
b:PO.DAAC
HTTP://WWW.podaac.jpl.nasa.gov
详情登陆网站查询
目前在轨的高度计是Jason-2,其数据(准实时数据对于海啸信号的及时研究和评估较重要)可以从以下渠道获取。
EUMETSAT:
http://www.eumetsat.int/Home/index.htmOIGDR。需要注册申请。
A
:准实时数据
使用DVB(DigitalVideo
Broadcast)技术,由商业卫星播送数据。
EUMETSAT
operates
three
EUMETCast[A1] [A2] broadcasts:
EUMETCast
Europe
in
Ku-band
via
Hotbird-6
EUMETCast
Africa
inC-band
via
AtlanticBird-3
and
EUMETCast
South
America
in
C-band
viaNewSkies-806.
这种方法下载数据需要一台电脑(1500欧元),一个天线。数据处理处理软件(100欧元)。相当于假设了一个数据下载台站。特点是数据处理在EUMETSAT中心完成之后,5分钟之内可通过卫星播发。
Jason-2的准实时数据在所有的卫星频道上都有(3个),但是播发的覆盖范围不包含中国,中有欧洲,非洲,南美洲
B:该机构也有不用卫星分发的非实时存档数据,可以在网站注册申请下载,大概需几天的时间拿到数据。
GTSaccess
for
OGDR-BUFR
file
Allof
the
OGDR-BUFR
data,
whether
injected
by
NOAA
or
EUMETSAT,
will
appear
on
the
WorldMeteorological
Organization’s
GTS
network.
And
users
with
a
GTS
presence(typically
large
meteorological
agencies)
can
retrieve
the
data
by
keying
onthe
WMO/GTS
headers
specific
to
the
Jason-2
data:
‘ISZX01
KNES’
for
NOAA
OGDR-BUFR
files,
and
‘ISZX01
EUMS’
for
EUMETSAT
OGDR-BUFR
files.
The
original
files
arecomprised
of
approximately
15
minute
BUFR
‘messages’
which
will
appearseparately
on
the
GTS.
It
is
alsopossible
to
scour
the
NOAA
National
Weather
Service’s
GTS
ftp
server
for
the
individual
messages,
by
searching
for
‘ISZX01’strings.
At
this
time,
the
OGDR-BUFR
messages
have
been
appearing
at
the
following
location,
butfuture
access
at
this
specific
site
cannot
beguaranteed:
http://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/SL.us008001/DF.bf/DC.sfsat/DS.qscat
NOAA:
http://www.class.noaa.gov/saa/products/user_profile
NOAA’s
DataDistribution
Server
(DDS)
需要注册申请
负责(O)(I)GDR的分发。一天的OGDR数据有200M。
CNESvia
AVISO
data
service:
http://www.aviso.oceanobs.com负责(I)GDR的分发
Details
of
off
line
data
access
via
CNES
Users
have
access
to
Jason-2
public
datathrough
a
dedicated
AVISO
ftp
server
with
an
anonymous
account.
Off
line
IGDRand
GDR
products
are
available
on
the
following
server:
IP
address:
avisoftp.cnes.fr
User
account:
anonymous
Home
directory
:
/AVISO/pub/jason-2
Jason-1
Data
Products
at
AVISO
and
PODAAC
Jason-1
data
continue
to
be
available
inthe
original
Jason-1
format,
and
are
now
also
available
in
the
same
NetCDFformat
as
the
Jason-2
products.
Jason-1
products
are
available
in
both
formatson
the
AVISO
and
PODAAC
ftp
servers.
Jason-1
Products
on
AVISO
FTP
Server.
The
AVISO
server
for
Jason-1
productsis:
avisoftp.cnes.fr
Login
anonymous
Jason-1
products
in
NetCDF
format
areavailable
on
the
following
directories:
/AVISO/pub/jason-1/igdr_netcdf/igdr
-
directory
containing
IGDR
nativeproducts
/AVISO/pub/jason-1/igdr_netcdf/sigdr-
directory
containing
S-IGDR
/AVISO/pub/jason-1/igdr_netcdf/ssha
-
directory
containing
IGDR
reduced
products
/AVISO/pub/jason-1/gdr_c_netcdf/gdr
-
directory
containing
GDR
native
products
(with
a
sub
directory
for
each
cycle)
/AVISO/pub/jason-1/gdr_netcdf/ssha
-
directory
containing
GDR
reducedproducts
(with
a
sub
directory
for
each
cycle)
Jason-1
products
in
their
original
formatcontinue
to
be
available
in
the
following
directories:
/AVISO/pub/jason-1/igdr
-
directory
containing
IGDR
products
/AVISO/pub/jason-1/gdr_c
-
directory
containing
GDR
native
products
Jason-1
Products
on
PODAAC
FTP
Server.
ThePODAAC
server
for
Jason-1
products
is:
podaac.jpl.nasa.gov
Login
anonymous
Jason-1
products
in
NetCDF
format
areavailable
on
the
following
directories:
/pub/sea_surface_height/jason/igdr_netcdf
-
directory
containing
IGDR
native
products
/pub/sea_surface_height/jason/igdr_ssha_netcdf-
directory
containing
IGDR
reduced
products
/pub/sea_surface_height/jason/gdr_netcdf_c
-
directory
containing
GDR
native
products
(with
a
sub
directory
for
each
cycle)
/pub/sea_surface_height/jason/gdr_ssha_netcdf_c-
directory
containing
GDR
reduced
products
Jason-1
products
in
their
original
formatcontinue
to
be
available
in
the
following
directories:
/pub/sea_surface_height/jason/osdr
-
directory
containing
OSDRproducts
/pub/sea_surface_height/jason/igdr
-
directory
containing
IGDR
products
/pub/sea_surface_height/jason/gdr_c
-
directory
containing
GDR
native
products
/pub/sea_surface_height/jason/j1_ssha
-
directory
containing
GDR
reduced
products
/pub/sea_surface_height/jason/j1_atg
-
directory
containing
GDR
reducedproducts
2.2读取
brat软件。Basic
Radar
Altimetry
Toolbox
在windows和Unix下都可使用,主要特点是简单,功能大,可以读取绝大多数高度计数据。(
http://earth.eo.esa.int/brat/html/data/soft_global_cnesesa_brat.html)
另外还有许多专门的测高数据读取软件。可以结合自己的使用数据
Ncview:
anetCDF
visual
browser(
http://meteora.ucsd.edu/~pierce/ncview_home_page.html
ncBrowseA
Graphical
netCDF
File
Browser
(
http://www.epic.noaa.gov/java/ncBrowse/)
ESA
工具软件集:
http://earth.esa.int/resources/softwaretools#envisat
Brat
软件简介
The
Basic
RadarAltimetry
Toolbox
is
able
to
read
most
distributed
radar
altimetry
data,
from(ERS-1
&
2
(ESA),
Topex/Poseidon
(NASA/CNES),
Geosat
Follow-On
(US
Navy),
Jason-1
(CNES/NASA),
Envisat
(ESA),
and
the
future
Cryosat
(ESA)
and
Jason-2(CNES/NASA/EUMETSAT/NOAA)
missions.
The
different
typesof
data
readable
and
processed
by
theBasic
Radar
Altimetry
Toolbox
are
listed
below

Brat可读取的level1B/2级别的数据。

Brat可读取的高级别数据(level
3、4)类型。
界面操作比较简单,容易上手。

brat主界面
另外注意其命令操作,界面能做到命令都能做,批处理功能较强大。

下面是brat的exe小程序,可以编写批处理(bat)实现,可以在cmd中实验能不能用,并且查看程序帮助(需要定位到当前文件夹)。
BratCreateYFX.exe:create
an
output
netCDFwith
one
or
several
data
field(s)
with
respect
to
a
single
field
BratCreateZFXY.exe
:create
anoutput
netCDF
with
one
or
several
data
field(s)
with
respect
to
twodifferent
fields
(e.g.
longitude,latitude)
BratDisplay.exe:enable
to
visualise
an
outputnetCDF
BratExportAscii.exe:export
an
output
to
Ascii
BratExportGeoTiff.exe
:export
gridded
data
from
a
netCDF
product
to
GeoTiff
(with
optional
GoogleEarth
wrapper)
BratListFieldNames.exe
BratShowInternalFile.exe
BratStats.exe
4参考文献,资料
1.
“OSTM/Jason-2
Products
Handbook”,
CNES
:
SALP-MU-M-OP-15815-CN
,EUMETSAT
:
EUM/OPS-JAS/MAN/08/0041
,JPL
:
OSTM-29-1237
,NOAA/NESDIS
:
PolarSeries/OSTM
J400
2.
AVISO/Altimetry
1996,'AVISO
User
Handbook
for
Merged
TOPEX/POSEIDONproducts',AVI-NT-02-101,
Edition
3.0.
3.
Basic
Radar
Altimetry
Toolboxv2.1.1User
Manual
[A1]EUMETCast
is
part
of
a
wider
data
dissemination
cooperation
networkknown
as
GEONETCast,
defined
as
a
global
network
of
satellite
based
datadissemination
systems
providing
environmental
data
to
a
world-wide
usercommunity.
The
current
partners
within
the
GEONETCast
initiative
[A2]
brat下载地址:
The latest version (v3.1.0) of
the Basic Radar Altimetry
Toolbox (BRAT) was released on
March 21, 2012
http://www.altimetry.info/html/data/installer_download_en.html