2008年考研阅读text 1解析 （一）
2017-01-13 18:49阅读：
2008 text1
本文节选自《探索频道》“健康”版块中的一篇文章，原文题目为Gender
Inequality:Women under Stress
《性别不平等：压力下的女性》。这篇文章主要讲述男性与女性的差异，特别是女性在面对压力时为何会产生沮丧和焦虑的情绪。从文章结构来看，主要还是遵循了总-分结构。
【解题点拨】
第一段，总述指出男女在很多方面存在差异，而女性在面临压力时更容易产生沮丧和焦虑的情绪。第二段从生理方面来说明为何女性更容易在压力面前沮丧和焦虑，并以雌鼠为例证明。第三段从社会因素方面(女性面临更多产生压力的“机会”，要处理更多的事情)来说明为何女性更易因为压力而沮丧和焦虑。第四段讲男女的另一个差异(面临压力的不同)，进一步说明女性为何更容易沮丧焦虑：女性承受的社会压力比男性多。第五段用阿尔瓦雷斯的例子来证明上面的观点。第六段说明找到缓解压力的方式的重要性。
While still catching-up to men in some spheres of modern
life, women appear to be way ahead in at least one undesirable
category. “Women are particularly susceptible to developing
depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to
men,” according to Dr. Yehuda, chief psychiatrist at New York’s
Veteran’s Administration Hospital.
①Studies of both animals and humans have shown
that sex hormones somehow affect the stress response, causing
females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than
do males under the same conditions.
②In several of the
studies, when stressed-out female rats had their ovaries (the
female reproductive organs) removed, their chemical responses
became equal to those of the males.
③Adding to a woman’s increased dose of stress chemicals,
are her increased “opportunities” for stress.
“It’s not necessarily that women don’t cope as well. It’s
just that they have so much more to cope with,” says Dr. Yehuda.
“Their capacity for tolerating stress may even be greater than
men’s,” she observes, “it’s just that they’re dealing with so many
more things that they become worn out from it more visibly and
sooner.”
Dr. Yehuda notes another difference between the sexes. “I
think that the kinds of things that women are exposed to tend to be
in more of a chronic or repeated nature. Men go to war and are
exposed to combat stress. Men are exposed to more acts of random
physical violence. ④The kinds of interpersonal
violence that women are exposed to tend to be in domestic
situations, by, unfortunately, parents or other family members, and
they tend not to be one-shot deals. The
wear-and-tear that comes from these longer relationships can be
quite devastating.”
Adeline Alvarez married at 18 and gave birth to a son, but
was determined to finish college. “I struggled a lot to get the
college degree. I was living in so much frustration that that was
my escape, to go to school, and get ahead and do better.” Later,
her marriage ended and she became a single mother. “It’s the
hardest thing to take care of a teenager, have a job, pay the rent,
pay the car payment, and pay the debt. I lived from paycheck to
paycheck.”
Not everyone experiences the kinds of severe chronic stresses
Alvarez describes. But most women today are coping with a lot of
obligations, with few breaks, and feeling the strain.
⑤Alvarez’s experience demonstrates the importance of
finding ways to diffuse stress before it threatens your health and
your ability to function.
21. Which of the following is true
according to the first two paragraphs?
[A] Women are biologically more vulnerable to
stress.
[B] Women are still suffering much stress caused by
men.
[C] Women are more experienced than men in coping with
stress.
[D] Men and women show different inclinations when faced with
stress.
22. Dr. Yehuda’s research suggests
that women
[A] need extra doses of chemicals to handle
stress.
[B] have limited capacity for tolerating stress.
[C] are more capable of avoiding stress.
[D] are exposed to more stress.
23. According to Paragraph 4, the
stress women confront tends to be
[A] domestic and temporary.
[B] irregular and violent.
[C] durable and frequent.
[D] trivial and random.
24. The sentence “I lived from
paycheck to paycheck.” (Line 6, Para. 5) shows
that
[A] Alvarez cared about nothing but making
money.
[B] Alvarez’s salary barely covered her household
expenses.
[C] Alvarez got paychecks from different jobs.
[D] Alvarez paid practically everything by
check.
25. Which of the following would be
the best title for the text?
[A] Strain of Stress: No Way Out?
[B] Responses to Stress: Gender Difference
[C] Stress Analysis: What Chemicals Say
[D] Gender Inequality: Women Under Stress
逐段解析：
While still catching-up to men in some spheres of modern
life, women appear to be way ahead in at least one undesirable
category. “Women are particularly susceptible to developing
depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to
men,” according to Dr. Yehuda, chief psychiatrist at New York’s
Veteran’s Administration Hospital.
尽管女性在现代社会的一些范围正在赶超男性，但她们至少在一个不良的方面已遥遥领先。纽约的退伍军管理医院精神科首席医生Yehuda博士说道，和男性相比，女性面对压力时，更容易受到影响，导致抑郁和紧张。（另一版本：在现代生活中女性就算是在某些领域可以追赶上男性，但至少在一个方面是领先的，尽管是她们不太想要的。
又另一版本：现代生活中，女性在很多领域仍然在追赶男性，但是至少在一个令人不快的方面，她们却远远超过了男性，尽管这并不是她们所乐意看到的。“和男人相比，女性在压力下尤其容易患抑郁症或焦虑症。”纽约老兵管理医院的精神科主治医师Yehuda博士说道。）
单词：
catching-up赶超
technology catching-up 技术追赶
catching-up development 赶超式发展
appear to (be) 似乎是，仿佛，显示为
There appear to be plenty of others like him.
似乎像沈悦一样的人还有很多。
undesirable
adj. 不良的；不受欢迎的；不合需要的
n. 不良分子；不受欢迎的人
desirable
adj. 令人满意的；值得要的
n. 合意的人或事物
desire n.欲望，性欲，心愿
v.想要，渴望
I had a strong desire to help and care for
people.
我有一股强烈的帮助和关心别人的愿望。
Prolonged negotiation was not desirable.
拖得很长的谈判是不受欢迎的。
sphere [sfiə] n. 球,球面,球体,天体,地球仪,范围vt. 包围,使成球体,放入球内
【例】Many countries have difficulties in
the economic sphere. 许多国家在经济方面遇到了困难。
way ahead[美国口语] 远远在前面
His designs were way ahead of his time.
category ['kætigəri]
n. 种类,类项;范畴
【例】These Categories recognize
different levels of competition. 这些类别可被用来分辨出比赛里不同的等级。
This book clearly falls into the category of fictionalized
autobiography.
这本书显然类属自传体小说。
susceptible
[sə'septəbl] a. 易受影响的,易感动的,容许…的
【例】This agreement is not susceptible
to alteration. 这一协议不容更改。
ADJ If you are
susceptible to something or someone, you are very likely to be
influenced by them. 易受…影响的
例：
Young people are the most susceptible to
advertisements.
年轻人最容易受广告影响。
James was extremely susceptible to flattery.
詹姆斯非常容易受奉承话的影响。
susceptible to doing容易做的
anxiety disorders焦虑症；焦虑性障碍
in response to
针对，反应，响应，答复
'So what if the guy threw his shoe at me?' Bush told a
reporter in response to a question about the incident.
在回答有关这一突发事件的相关问题时，布什这样告诉记者“他朝我扔鞋子，那又怎样呢？”
Some people have even committed suicide or homocide in
response to rejection.
一些人甚至曾以自杀或杀人来回应被抛弃的现实。
develop 产生--“患上”
The researchers found that those who had lower levels of the
hormone oxytocin were significantly more likely to
develop postpartum
depression within two weeks
of giving birth.
研究人员发现，催产素水平低者易在产后两周内发生产后抑郁症。
are susceptible to developing
depression and
anxiety
disorders
容易患上抑郁症和焦虑症
psychiatrist
[sai'kaiətrist] n. 精神病医师,精神病学家
【例】The psychiatrist gave testimony
that …精神病医生有证言说……
veteran 退伍军人
来自 PIE * wet, 年，岁月，词源同 wether.
引申义有经验的，退役的老兵。
wether “成熟年长的公羊” 来自 PIE * wet,
年，引申义到了成熟的，成长的，用于指牛，羊等家畜，后特别用于指公羊，词源同
veal（小牛）,veteran.
vellum(牛皮纸，羊皮纸)
weather whether
①Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex
hormones somehow affect the stress response, causing females under
stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under
the same conditions. ②In several of the studies, when
stressed-out female rats had their ovaries (the female reproductive
organs) removed, their chemical responses became equal to those of
the males.
对于动物和人类的研究都显示出性激素会在某种程度去影响面对压力的反应，导致在同样的条件下，女性产生更多的致病化学物质。在几项研究中，当受到压力的雌鼠的卵巢（雌性的生殖器官）被拿掉后，它们的化学反应变得和那些雄性的一样了。
![2008年考研阅读text <wbr>1解析 <wbr>（一）]( "2008年考研阅读text <wbr>1解析 <wbr>（一）")
句子1解析：
该句子可分三个层次进行分析。第一层是主干，studies have
shown that, 第二层是由that引导的宾语从句，该从句中的主干是sex hormones
affect the stress response, 现在分词causing引导结果状语，表示以某种方式影响压力反应，从而致使分泌更多的化学物质。现在分词做结果状语相当于so
that 引导的从句，该分词结构可以改写为so that sex hormones cause females to produce more of the
trigger chemicals。最后一个层次是than引导的比较状语从句，主语male与句子前的female相比较，替代词do代替之前的谓语，将谓语省略，提前do构成倒装。比较状语从句可改写为females produce
more of the trigger chemicals than males produce。
另一解析：我的问题是①为什么是more of the trigger
chemicals 而不是 more trigger chemicals？
②答案解析说than引导的比较状语从句中，替代词do代替与主语相同的谓语部分，从而将谓语省略，并且do放到主语前，实现倒装。能不能再举几个例句帮我理解？这个解析不太懂。
1. 两种说法都可以。比如我们常见的：some students=some of the students; most people=most of
the people.注意：后一种表达名词前要有限定词。
2. 这种结构一般不需要倒装。这里倒装是因为males后面有介词短语（作定语）。也就是说主语太长。例如：You need
that money more than I do. 无需倒装。
另一解析：
![2008年考研阅读text <wbr>1解析 <wbr>（一）]( "2008年考研阅读text <wbr>1解析 <wbr>（一）")
单词：
trigger ['trigə] n.
触发器,板机,制滑机
vt. 触发,发射,引起
vi. 松开板柄
【例】The odour of food may be a trigger
for man's appetite.
食物的香味能引起人的食欲。
This mentalist yearn（渴望，向往，思念）
easily trigger a large-scale consumption
campaign.
这种心态容易引发一场大规模消费高潮。
stress n. 压力；强调；紧张；重要性；
vt. 强调；使紧张；加压力于；用重音读
He was being stressed before he gave his
lecture.
演讲前的那一阵子他感到十分紧张。
stressed-out ['strestaut]
adj. 不堪重负的；承受巨大压力的
ovary ['əʊv(ə)rɪ]
n. [植]
子房；[解剖] 卵巢
reproductive
adj. 生殖的；再生的；复制的
productive adj. 能生产的；生产的，生产性的；多产的；富有成效的
化学反应：chemical reaction
