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和before引导的状语从句的主语若与主句主语一致时，可用af-ter和before与从句谓语动词的动名词（短语）形式构成介词短语作状语。例如：
After she sang（After singing），she left the rich man's house．唱完之后，她就走出了那位阔佬的家。
Before we do the job（Before doing the job），we'd better think it over．做这项工作之前，我们最好先仔细考虑考虑。
2．以as soon as引出的状语从句的主语若与主句主语一致时，可用on＋V-ing形式简化该状语从句，此时的动词为非延续性动词。例如：
Dr Bethune began to operate on the wounded soldiers as soon as he
arrived atthe village（on arriving at the village）．白求恩大夫一到那个村子，就开始给伤员动手术。
3．时间状语从句和条件状语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，有时可简化为不定式作状语。例如：
She stopped when she saw her husband（to see her husband）．她见到她丈夫就停了下来。
If you want to understand the farmers（to understand the farmers），you mustgo to the countryside．你想了解农民，必须深入到农村去。
4．结果状语从句和目的状语从句的主语若与主句主语一致时，可以简化为不定式作状语；若两者主语不一致时，则应简化为不定式的复合结构作状语。例如：
He was so tired that he couldn't go any further．
=He was too tired to go any further．他累得走不动了。
I came here so that I could ask some questions．
＝I came here（in order）to ask some questions．我来这儿是为了问一些问题。
The jeep is so heavy that he can't push it．
＝They jeep is too heavy for him to
push．吉普车太重，他推不动。
5．以when，while引导的时间状语从句和以if引导的条件状语从句，如果从句主语和主句主语一致时，可简化为现在分词状语，表示谓语动作发生在该状语动作的进行过程之中。例如：
When he turned on the radio（=When turning on the radio），he found it bro-ken．他打开收音机时，发现收音机已坏了。
While she was walking along the street，（=While walking along the street），she was hit by a car．她在街上走时被一辆汽车撞了。
If you don't feel well，you won't go to school．=If not feeling well，you won'tgo to school．要是你感到不舒服，就不要去上学了。
6．原因状语从句的主语与主句一致时，可简化为分词短语作状语。例如：
Since I didn't know Chinese（＝Not knowing Chinese），I tried to speak to herin English．因为我不懂中文，就尽量用英语和她讲话。
Because they are blind，they can't see it．
=Being blind，they can't see it．因为他们是瞎子，所以看不见。
要注意的是，形容词短语也可用作表示原因的状语，用以代替原因状语从句，放在句首、句末均可，但一般应加逗号。例如：
As he was thirsty and eager to get a little rest，（＝Thirsty and eager to get alittle
rest，）he went into
the tea-house．由于有些口渴，又想歇一会儿，他就走进茶馆。
7．在时间、原因、条件等状语从句中，若从句和主句主语不一致时，可简化为分词复合结构作状语。有时也可简化为“with／without名词或代词+分词（短语）”形式作状语。例如：
When the film star appeared（=The film star appearing），the children gotexcited．那位电影明星露面时，孩子们兴奋起来。
As the clerk had nothing to do，（=The clerk having nothing to do），the bosslet him go home．由于那个职员无事可做，老板就让他回家了。
If all the work is done（＝With all the work done），you can have a rest．倘若一切活都干完了，你可以休息一下。
Nothing can live if there is no air（＝without air）．任何生物没有空气都不能生存。
8．让步状语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，可简化为分词短语作状语；不一致时，常可简化为with或in spite of介词短语作状语。例如：
Although he faced his death（=Facing his death），he didn't say anything be-fore the enemy．尽管面对死亡，他在敌人面前还是什么也没说。
Although there was danger（＝With danger=In spite of danger），he rushedout to carry the boy to safety．尽管危险，他还是冲过去把孩子救到了安全地带。
更多的例子：
1. Followed by two bodyguards, he got into a car and ran away.
2. Knowing that her daughter got sick at school, she hurried to school to take her home.
3. Not having received any news from home for many years, she got more and more homesick.
4. Once published, his work became famous for the absence of rhyme at the end of each line.
5. When pulling off a nylon shirt in dry weather, you sometimes hear cracking as it passes over your head.
请看下面几个状语从句：
1. When he was driving to the airport, he hit a boy on the bike.
2. When he heard the music, he began to get homesick.
3. Because he was quite ill, he had to give up the chance of going on a picnic.
4. After he had got married, he lived separately from his parents.
5. When he was asked about his secret of his success, Steven Spielberg said that he owes much of his success and happiness to his wife and children.
6. Although he had been taught many times, he still made the same mistake.
说明：以上6个状语从句中，从句与主句的主语一致，从句可以用更简单的短语来表达。
（1）Driving to the airport, he hit a boy on the bike.
（2）Hearing the music, he began to get homesick.
（3）Being quite ill, he had to give up the chance of going on a picnic.
（4）Having got married, he lived separately from his parents.
（5）Asked about his secret of his success, Steven Spielberg said that he owes much of his success and happiness to his wife and children.
（6）Having been taught many times, he still made the same mistake.
注意：如果分词短语的主语不是主句的主语，则分词短语的主语（名词）应放在分词前面。
例句：
1. Time permitting, we’ll call on our teacher.
2. Work finished, he prepared to return home.
3. The shower being over, we continued working.
伴随动作的表达：一个句子之后要补充说明在前一句主要动作之中，同时伴随有其他一个或更多的动作。这些伴随的动作根据它们与主句主语的关系（主动/被动），选用doing或done短语表达，放在主句后面。
例句：
1. He was standing, holding on to a tree that grew against the wall.
2. There she stopped, listening to the strange sounds, while the whole house moved.
3. At last he stopped running, sweat streaming down his face.
用with/without短语做伴随状语。结构如下：
with/without+名词+ doing 短语
例句：
1. Tom went away, without a word spoken.
2. Most of houses were built of bricks made of dried mud, with a roof supported by palm tree trunks.
3. He lay on his back, with his hands behind his head.
4. The silent was suddenly broken when a large car , with its headlights on and its horn blaring, roared down the arcade.
难点提示：
1. 分词做状语的形式在单选题中常见的形式就是选择分词的种类（doing/done）以及他们的形式（完成式，被动式）。所以作题时一定要在理解句意的基础上，弄清分词动作与主句主语的关系和时间顺序。有些题要注意选项部分是主句的伴随状语还是前面句子的连续动作。
2. 分词做状语，定语的句子是英语文章中常出现的内容，句子非常简练但有时结构很复杂，因此有时会影响到我们对文章的准确和快速的理解，平时在学习课文时遇到这样的句子要注意仔细地分析其结构，把句子理解透。经过练习，做到熟能生巧。
3. 在写作中可以练习运用分词做状语的句子。
After she sang（After singing），she left the rich man's house．唱完之后，她就走出了那位阔佬的家。
Before we do the job（Before doing the job），we'd better think it over．做这项工作之前，我们最好先仔细考虑考虑。
2．以as soon as引出的状语从句的主语若与主句主语一致时，可用on＋V-ing形式简化该状语从句，此时的动词为非延续性动词。例如：
Dr Bethune began to operate on the wounded soldiers as soon as he
arrived atthe village（on arriving at the village）．白求恩大夫一到那个村子，就开始给伤员动手术。
3．时间状语从句和条件状语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，有时可简化为不定式作状语。例如：
She stopped when she saw her husband（to see her husband）．她见到她丈夫就停了下来。
If you want to understand the farmers（to understand the farmers），you mustgo to the countryside．你想了解农民，必须深入到农村去。
4．结果状语从句和目的状语从句的主语若与主句主语一致时，可以简化为不定式作状语；若两者主语不一致时，则应简化为不定式的复合结构作状语。例如：
He was so tired that he couldn't go any further．
=He was too tired to go any further．他累得走不动了。
I came here so that I could ask some questions．
＝I came here（in order）to ask some questions．我来这儿是为了问一些问题。
The jeep is so heavy that he can't push it．
＝They jeep is too heavy for him to
push．吉普车太重，他推不动。
5．以when，while引导的时间状语从句和以if引导的条件状语从句，如果从句主语和主句主语一致时，可简化为现在分词状语，表示谓语动作发生在该状语动作的进行过程之中。例如：
When he turned on the radio（=When turning on the radio），he found it bro-ken．他打开收音机时，发现收音机已坏了。
While she was walking along the street，（=While walking along the street），she was hit by a car．她在街上走时被一辆汽车撞了。
If you don't feel well，you won't go to school．=If not feeling well，you won'tgo to school．要是你感到不舒服，就不要去上学了。
6．原因状语从句的主语与主句一致时，可简化为分词短语作状语。例如：
Since I didn't know Chinese（＝Not knowing Chinese），I tried to speak to herin English．因为我不懂中文，就尽量用英语和她讲话。
Because they are blind，they can't see it．
=Being blind，they can't see it．因为他们是瞎子，所以看不见。
要注意的是，形容词短语也可用作表示原因的状语，用以代替原因状语从句，放在句首、句末均可，但一般应加逗号。例如：
As he was thirsty and eager to get a little rest，（＝Thirsty and eager to get alittle
rest，）he went into
the tea-house．由于有些口渴，又想歇一会儿，他就走进茶馆。
7．在时间、原因、条件等状语从句中，若从句和主句主语不一致时，可简化为分词复合结构作状语。有时也可简化为“with／without名词或代词+分词（短语）”形式作状语。例如：
When the film star appeared（=The film star appearing），the children gotexcited．那位电影明星露面时，孩子们兴奋起来。
As the clerk had nothing to do，（=The clerk having nothing to do），the bosslet him go home．由于那个职员无事可做，老板就让他回家了。
If all the work is done（＝With all the work done），you can have a rest．倘若一切活都干完了，你可以休息一下。
Nothing can live if there is no air（＝without air）．任何生物没有空气都不能生存。
8．让步状语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，可简化为分词短语作状语；不一致时，常可简化为with或in spite of介词短语作状语。例如：
Although he faced his death（=Facing his death），he didn't say anything be-fore the enemy．尽管面对死亡，他在敌人面前还是什么也没说。
Although there was danger（＝With danger=In spite of danger），he rushedout to carry the boy to safety．尽管危险，他还是冲过去把孩子救到了安全地带。
更多的例子：
1. Followed by two bodyguards, he got into a car and ran away.
2. Knowing that her daughter got sick at school, she hurried to school to take her home.
3. Not having received any news from home for many years, she got more and more homesick.
4. Once published, his work became famous for the absence of rhyme at the end of each line.
5. When pulling off a nylon shirt in dry weather, you sometimes hear cracking as it passes over your head.
请看下面几个状语从句：
1. When he was driving to the airport, he hit a boy on the bike.
2. When he heard the music, he began to get homesick.
3. Because he was quite ill, he had to give up the chance of going on a picnic.
4. After he had got married, he lived separately from his parents.
5. When he was asked about his secret of his success, Steven Spielberg said that he owes much of his success and happiness to his wife and children.
6. Although he had been taught many times, he still made the same mistake.
说明：以上6个状语从句中，从句与主句的主语一致，从句可以用更简单的短语来表达。
（1）Driving to the airport, he hit a boy on the bike.
（2）Hearing the music, he began to get homesick.
（3）Being quite ill, he had to give up the chance of going on a picnic.
（4）Having got married, he lived separately from his parents.
（5）Asked about his secret of his success, Steven Spielberg said that he owes much of his success and happiness to his wife and children.
（6）Having been taught many times, he still made the same mistake.
注意：如果分词短语的主语不是主句的主语，则分词短语的主语（名词）应放在分词前面。
例句：
1. Time permitting, we’ll call on our teacher.
2. Work finished, he prepared to return home.
3. The shower being over, we continued working.
伴随动作的表达：一个句子之后要补充说明在前一句主要动作之中，同时伴随有其他一个或更多的动作。这些伴随的动作根据它们与主句主语的关系（主动/被动），选用doing或done短语表达，放在主句后面。
例句：
1. He was standing, holding on to a tree that grew against the wall.
2. There she stopped, listening to the strange sounds, while the whole house moved.
3. At last he stopped running, sweat streaming down his face.
用with/without短语做伴随状语。结构如下：
with/without+名词+ doing 短语
例句：
1. Tom went away, without a word spoken.
2. Most of houses were built of bricks made of dried mud, with a roof supported by palm tree trunks.
3. He lay on his back, with his hands behind his head.
4. The silent was suddenly broken when a large car , with its headlights on and its horn blaring, roared down the arcade.
难点提示：
1. 分词做状语的形式在单选题中常见的形式就是选择分词的种类（doing/done）以及他们的形式（完成式，被动式）。所以作题时一定要在理解句意的基础上，弄清分词动作与主句主语的关系和时间顺序。有些题要注意选项部分是主句的伴随状语还是前面句子的连续动作。
2. 分词做状语，定语的句子是英语文章中常出现的内容，句子非常简练但有时结构很复杂，因此有时会影响到我们对文章的准确和快速的理解，平时在学习课文时遇到这样的句子要注意仔细地分析其结构，把句子理解透。经过练习，做到熟能生巧。
3. 在写作中可以练习运用分词做状语的句子。