多才多艺的托马斯•杰斐逊
2013-08-28 15:43阅读：
2012.06.13 托马斯·杰斐逊：《独立宣言》（Declaration of
Independence）撰写人，曾任美国总统、蒙提瑟洛（Monticello）的建筑设计师，还发明了通心面制造机。
弗吉尼亚州的托马斯·杰斐逊（Thomas Jefferson）以多方面的贡献著称于世。他是《独立宣言》（Declaration of
Independence）的主要撰写人，曾任美国第三位总统及第一位国务卿。他通过路易斯安那购地案（Louisiana
Purchase）将美国扩大到15个州。他发起了刘易斯和克拉克远征（Lewis and Clark
Expedition），鼓励向太平洋沿岸拓荒。同时他还是建筑设计师和发明家。
作为建筑设计师，杰斐逊设计并建造了自己的住宅蒙提瑟洛（Monticello）。如图所示，这座新古典主义的庄园占地5,000英亩（2,023公顷），位于弗吉尼亚州夏洛茨维尔（Charlottesville,
Virginia）。作为美国第三位总统，他对两座学府的诞生功不可没：位于西点（West Point）的美国军事学院（United
States Military Academy）和弗吉尼亚大学（University of Virginia）。
杰斐逊为创建弗吉尼亚大学特别贡献了心力。弗吉尼亚大学是第一所提供选修课程的大学。他作为学者型的建筑师，希望创办一座学府，可以让学生不受宗教影响专修新学科。为此，校园中央是一座图书馆，没有沿袭当时的习俗以教堂为中心。
杰斐逊在闲暇时喜欢进行一些创造发明，特别喜欢农场机械，曾经发明一种适应弗吉尼亚山丘地区的特殊犁具。他还发明了通心粉制造机，并且改进了小型升降机，代替人工运送物件。
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Thomas Jefferson, Renaissance Man
09 June 2012 Thomas Jefferson: Declaration of
Independence author, president, Monticello architect and macaroni
machine maker?
Virginia’s Thomas Jefferson is famous for many things. He was the
principal author of the Declaration of Independence, the third
president of the United States and the first U.S. secretary of
state. He expanded the country by 15 states with the Louisiana
Purchase and encouraged exploration of the Pacific Coast with the
Lewis and Clark Expedition. But he was also an architect and
inventor.
As an architect, Jefferson designed and built his own mansion,
Monticello. Shown above, the neoclassical plantation stretches
across 5,000 acres (2,023 hectares) in Charlottesville, Virginia.
The third president was also integral to the conception of two
academic institutions: the United States Military Academy at West
Point and the University of Virginia.
Jefferson was particularly involved in the creation of the
University of Virginia, the first to offer a selection of elective
courses. The intellectual architect wanted to establish a place for
students to specialize in new areas of study, free from religious
influences. For this reason, the university is centered on a
library instead of a church, as was the custom of the time.
When he found spare time, Jefferson tinkered with inventions. With
a particular affinity for farm machinery, Jefferson invented a
special plow designed to work in the rolling hills of Virginia. He
also developed a macaroni machine and made improvements to the
dumbwaiter, a small elevator to transport objects rather than
people.
Find out more about Virginia at
DiscoverAmerica.com.
Read more:
http://iipdigital.usembassy.gov/st/english/inbrief/2012/06/201206087086.html#ixzz2dFPyLR2J
