高级中学课本 英语 第二册 5 课
2011-06-10 20:18阅读：
REVISION
Ⅰ
Ⅰ. A. Pronounce the following and spell the words
out, then put the words into Chinese orally:
Portrait recognize account
curiously engineer obviously permission hollow strength cottage
persuade wretched
B.
Read the following words and arrange them in groups according to
the pronunciation of the bold-faced letters:
race affectionately Albert imagine latent ankle instant affair
tenant announce package irrigate kidnap emphasis engage shade tax
tame
Ⅱ. Learn the following:
a
dj.
adv.
v.
n.
complete
completely
permit
permission
separate
separately
oppress
oppression
affectionate
affectionately
act
action
instant
instantly
invent
invention
constant
constantly
educate
education
main
mainly
operate
operation
entire
entirely
pollute
pollution
remarkable
remarkably
imagine
imagination
wretched
wretchedly
irrigate
irrigation
anxious
anxiously
develop
development
curious
curiously
agree
agreement
obvious
obviously
engage
engagement
frightful
frightfully
announce
announcement
dreadful
dreadfully
move
movement
Ⅲ. Translate the following sentences into Chinese,
paying attention to the italicized words:
1.
My uncle likes to read the evening
paper while having his supper.
Will you give me a piece of paper to write down the
addree？
The maths paper was rather difficult this
time.
2.
In hot summer days big trees can
cool us with their shade.
The milk is not cool enough to drink.
Come and sit in the shade. It’s quite cool
here.
3.
Before liberation the poor peasants were
taxed by the
landlords（地主）without mercy.
How much tax did the shop pay last year?
4.
The nobleman struck at the young tenant
with a whip.
He says that wild horses do not become tame unless they are
whipped.
5.
The passengers were saved from the
ship that went on the rocks last week not far from
HongKong（香港）.
Some shoots of bamboo are put into cans and shipped
all over the world.
6.
Tom was told to paint the
fence on a Saturday morning.
Do you have any more white paint?
7.
He brushed the dirt off his
clothes, using a new plastic brush.
Don’t forget to brush your teeth before going to bed
at night.
8.
Some kinds of bamboo bloom
and have seeds every year.
In spring many kinds of plants are in
bloom.
Ⅳ. Fill in the blanks with the given verbs, using
present or past participles:
1.
He saw a sparrow
(fly)
overhead just now.
2.
We watched them
(play)
basketball on the playground.
3.
He gave me back the composition
(mark) and
(correct)
carefully.
4.
At this moment the bell rang
(announce) the end of class.
5.
This is a book
(write) by
Lao She.
6.
He found a lost child
(cry) and
(call) for its mother in the park.
7.
A hunter found a
(wound) goat
in a cave
(die) fast.
Ⅴ. Fill in the blanks with that, who, whom, whose,
which, when and where:
1.
That is the person
won the prize last week.
2.
There’s nothing
you
can do about it.
3.
I’m still not clear about
I should give this to.
4.
She was very pleased with the present
he brought her.
5.
Obviously, the letter to Tom
John posted a month ago has not yet
arrived.
6.
Do you still remember those days
we worked together in the
countryside（农村）？
7.
His brother, with
I went to
the zoo, took many pictures of the animals and birds
there.
8.
The rat is digging a tunnel through
it can reach the field to get
food.
9.
This is the boy
sister was
seized and taken away just before she was to be
married.
10.
The White House is the house
the
President of the United States lives and works.
Ⅵ. Fill in each blank with a proper
preposition:
Charles Dickens
Charles Dickens (1812 -1870),
was one
the greatest
all English writers.
His books are still widely read today.
Dickens was born
a poor family. He had little education
his childhood. He had to work
morning
night,
little to eat and only a
tiny place to live in. When he was twelve his father was
put
prison
debt.
Dickens’s first important job
was as a newspaper reporter. While working there he wrote his first
storybook, “Pickwick Papers”, It was a great success. “Oliver
Twist”, his second storybook, followed. He became very famous
his writings.
Dickens wrote a great many
books. As a writer, he succeeded
calling attention
many
the terrible wrongs that
existed
that time.
Charles Dickens had to work
very hard and it did great harm
his health.
1870 he died suddenly while he was
his work.
Reporter
n.记者 Pickwick Papers 《匹克威克外传》（书名）
Oliver
Twist《雾都孤儿》（书名）succeed vi.成功
Ⅶ. Read the play and act it out:
Getting
Acquainted
Jack: Say, isn’t your name Mike
Smith?
Mike: Yes, it is. What’s
yours?
Jack: My name is Jack
Brown.
Mike: Hi, Jack. Glad to meet
you. You’re in my class, aren’t you?
Jack: Yes. My father knows your
father.
Mike: Really? We’ve only been
here for a short time. I don’t know many people yet.
Jack: It’s hard to meet people
in a new town. Would you like to come to the café with me?
Everybody goes there after school. They have ice cream and things
to drink. You can meet some of the other people in our
class.
Mike: I’d like to, Jack, but
I’ve got to post these letters.
Jack: That doesn’t matter. The
post office is on the way to the café. I’ll go with you. I suppose
you’re writing to your old friends?
Mike: Yes. We just moved here
from a very small town, you know. We knew everybody there. I’m
going to miss my old friends.
Jack: You’ll make a lot of new
friends here. Dad said you have a brother. Is that
right?
Mike: Yes. He’s a year younger
than I am. Do you have any brothers or sisters?
Jack: Yes. I have a younger
sister. Her name is Kate. Well, here’s the post office. You can
post your letters first. The café is just across the
street.
Acquaint
vt.使认识，使了解 café n.咖啡馆
cream
n.乳脂；奶油 ice
cream 冰淇淋
LESSON FIVE
WINTER
SLEEP
Some birds will fly away to the
south when the weather turns cold. Other birds and all animals stay
with you, but you will not see all the animals all through the
winter. In the cold weather some of them hibernate.
They go to sleep in all kinds
of places. Red squirrels disappear inside trees, bears use caves,
frogs go deep under the muc, and many other animals dig tunnels in
the earth. A good many animals sleep under the snow. There is a lot
of air in loose snow, and this helps to keep the cold
out.
Some warm-blooded animals, like
the cat, the dig or the wolf, do not need to hibernate; they lead
an active life which keeps up their normal body temperature even in
very cold winter weather. But for a cold-blooded creature such as a
frog or a snake it is a different matter. When the air temperature
is below freezing, the creature’s body temperature drops too. It
cannot move about in its usual way. Then it has no choice but to
lie down and sleep. To do that, it must find a place where it can
keep fairly warm; and it must be a place where its enemies cannot
find it.
Hibernation is more than sleep.
It is a very deep sleep. The animal’s temperature drops to just
over zero centigrade, and its heart beats very slowly. People who
find hibernating animals asleep often think that they are dead: the
body feels very cold, and the creature may breathe only once every
five minutes. A hibernating animal cannot feel any pain. You can
touch it, or even pull its tail, without causing it to move or wake
up. In its hibernating state it can even live in a poisonous
atmosphere for a long time without any ill effect.
Hibernating in that way, the
animal can sleep all through the winter. You might wonder how it
manages to live without eating for so many months. The answer lies
in two facts. The first is that it has stored supplies of fat in
its body during the summer and autumn. The second is connected with
the main use the body makes of food – to supply the energy for
movement. We have seen that the hibernating animal reduces movement
to far below the ordinary level. Even the movements of the heart
and lungs are greatly reduced. The animal hardly makes any
movement, hardly uses any energy, and hardly needs any
food.
Some animals, including some
bears, only half-hibernate. That is to say, they sleep during the
winter but their sleep is not such a deep one, and their body
temperature does not drop. In the autumn the bear eats and eats and
becomes very fat indeed. His hair grows longer. Soon he has a thick
covering of fat and fur. In November he finds a place in a cave or
under a tree and just lies down and goes to sleep. On warm winter
days he may think that spring has arrived; he gets up and walks
around. When he sees that the snow is still thick on the ground, he
quickly goes to sleep again.
The squirrel is an animal which
makes secret food stores for the winter. It hides large quantities
of nuts inside trees. In the old stories which taught moral lessons
to children, the squirrel was a ‘good’ animal: it saved someing for
the future.
WORDS AND
EXPRESSIONS
all through
自始自终
hibernate vi.（动物）冬眠
squirrel n.松鼠
frog n.蛙
mud n.（软）泥；泥浆
a good many 很多的；相当多的
loose adj.松的；松散的
keep … out 不让……进来
warm-blooded adj.（动物）温血的
wolf n.狼
lead a … life 过……的生活
keep up 保持；维持；继续
normal adj.正常的，正规的；标准的
cold-blooded adj.（动物）冷血的；（人）无情的
creature n.生物；动物
usual adj.通常的；平常的
choice n.选择
fairly adv.相当；还算
hibernation n.冬眠
zero n.零；零点；零度
centigrade adj.百分度的；摄氏温度计的
pain n.疼；疼痛
cause vt.使发生，引起；促使
atmosphere n.大气；空气
effect n. 结果；影响；效果；作用
manage vt. 管理；处理；经营 vi. 设法对付
supply vt. 供给；供应；补充 n.供给物；供应品；贮藏量
fat n.脂肪；油脂
connected adj.连结的；有联系的 be connected
with与……有关系
use n.使用；用途
energy n.精力；活力；能；能量
movement n.运动；活动
reduce vt.缩减；减少
level n.水平；标准
lung n.肺
half-hibernate vi.（动物）半冬眠
covering n.覆盖（物）；套，罩
fur n.（兽类的）软毛；皮毛
secret adj.秘密的；隐蔽的 n.秘密
quantity n.量；数量
nut n.坚果；坚果核
moral adj.道德（上）的；道义的；精神上的
NOTES TO THE
TEXT
1.
There is a lot of air in loose snow, and
this helps to keep the cold out.
松散的雪里有大量的空气，这有助于御寒。
keep something out是“不让……进入”的意思。如：
Shut the windows and keep the cold out.
把窗子关上，不要让冷空气进来。
2.
Hibernation is more than sleep.
冬眠不仅仅是睡眠（更甚于睡眠）。
句中的more than是“多过”、“比……更”的意思。
3.
The animal’s temperature drops to just
over zero centigrade,… 动物的体温降到刚好在零摄氏度以上……
4.
… the body feels very cold, …
……身体摸上去冰凉……
feel在这里是连系动词，意思是“摸上去有某种感觉”。如：
The face of the table feels
smooth.这桌面摸上去很光滑。
5.
The answer lies in two facts.
可以从两个方面的事实得到答案。
lie in是“在于”的意思。
6.
The second is connected with the main use
the body makes of food – to supply the energy for movement.
第二是与食物对身体的主要用途，即食物供给身体活动所需要的能量有关。
the body makes of food用作定语，修饰use，前边省略了关系代词which。
to supply the energy for movement是the main
use的同位语，起进一步说明的作用。
7.
Far
below远远低于，大大低于。Far在这里强调程度之大。
8.
The animal hardly makes any movement,
hardly uses any energy, and hardly needs any food.
冬眠的动物几乎没有什么活动，也就几乎不消耗什么能量，因此也就几乎不需要什么食物。
9.
that is to say
“也就是说”，“换句话说”，是插入语。
Two weeks from today, that is to say, the 1st of March,
is my birthday.
两个星期后的今天，也就是说三月一日，是我的生日。
Her mother is as well as before, that is to say, not very
well. 她母亲身体和以前一样，也就是说，并不怎么好。
GRAMMAR
“it”的用法
The Use of
“it”
Ⅰ. 代词it
1.
用作人称代词，代替前文提到过的事物。
1) My pen is missing. I can’t find it anywhere.
2) The frog is not a warm-blooded animal. It’s a cold-blooded
one.
3) Jack is ill. Have you heard about it?
2.
用以代替指示代词this,
that。
1）What’s
this? – It’s a flag?
2) Whose exercise-book is that? – It’s hers.
3.
表示时间、天气、距离。
1) It’s time for lunch.
2) When spring comes, it gets warmer and warmer.
3) It’s about tow li from here to the zoo.
Ⅱ. 引导词it
1.
作形式主语，代替由不定式（或不定式复合结构）、动名词或从句表示的真正主语。
1) He had to sit up now, for it was impossible for him to
sleep.
2) It’s no use telling him that.
3) It’s not yet known where she has
gone.
2.
作形式宾语，代替由不定式、动名词或从句表示的真正宾语。
1) He feels it his duty to help others.
2) We thought it no use doing that.
3) They want to make it clear to the public that they do
an important and necessary job.
3.
用在强调结构中。为了强调句子的某一成分（通常是主语、宾语或状语），常用强调结构“It is
(was)+被强调成分+that（或who）…”。如：
I saw Li Ping in the street this morning.
可用强调结构来分别强调句中的主语、宾语、地点状语和时间状语。
1）It was
I who saw Li Ping in the street this
morning.是我今天早晨在街上看到李平的。
2）It was Li
Ping that I saw in the street this
morning.今天早晨我在街上看到的是李平。
3）It was in
the street that（不用where）I saw Li Ping this
morning.我今天早晨在街上看到李平的。
4）It was
this morning that（不用when）I saw Li Ping in the
street.我是今天早晨在街上看到李平的。
EXERCISES
Ⅰ. Choose the correct statements:
1.
1）All the birds will fly away to the south when the
weather turns cold.
2) All the animals and birds will hibernate when the weather turns
cold.
3)Some birds will fly away to the south when the weather turns
cold; some animals hibernate in the cold weather.
2.
1) Animals hibernate only in the
earth.
2) Animals like to hibernate under the mud or under the snow.
3) Hibernating animals sleep in all kinds of places – in caves,
inside trees, in the earth, under the mud or under the
snow.
3.
1) None of the warm-blooded animals need
to hibernate, because they lead an active life which keeps up their
normal body temperature even in very cold weather.
2) Some of the cold-blooded animals need to hibernate, because
their blood temperature drops when the air temperature is below
freezing and they cannot move about in the usual way.
3) All cold-blooded animals need to hibernate, because they are
afraid of cold.
4.
1）A hibernating animal may breathe only once every
five minutes and cannot feel any pain.
2) A hibernating animal does not breathe and cannot feel any
pain.
3)A hibernating animal can wake up when you give a hard pull at its
tail.
5.
1) Hibernation is a broken sleep.
2) Hibernation is a long and very deep sleep.
3) Hibernation is a short sleep.
6.
1) Hibernating animals can live all
through the winter without eating, because they have stored food in
their stomachs during the summer and autumn.
2) Hibernating animals can live all through the winter without
eating, because they do not need any food.
3) Hibernating animals can live all through the winter without
eating, because they have stored supplies of fat in their bodies
during the summer and autumn and they hardly make any movement,
hardly use any energy and hardly need any food.
Ⅱ. Give a word or phrase, beginning with the
letter(s) given, which has the same meaning as those in the
brackets:
h
(sleep through the winter)
n
(usual)
p
(a feeling of suffering or discomfort)
c
(make something happen)
at
(mixture of gases around the earth)
re
(make less in number)
s
(give or provide)
in
(really)
Ⅲ. Find the main idea in each of the three
paragraphs of the text:
Paragraph 4
1.
Hibernation is more than sleep. It is a
very deep sleep.
2.
The hibernating animal’s temperature drops
to just over zero centigrade, and its heart beats very
slowly.
3.
A hibernating animal cannot feel any
pain.
Paragraph 5
1.
A hibernating animal has stored supplies
of fat in its body during the summer and autumn.
2.
A hibernating animal can sleep all through
the winter without eating.
3.
A hibernating animal reduces movement to
far below the ordinary level.
Paragraph 6
1.
In the autumn the bear eats and eats and
becomes very fat indeed.
2.
On warm winter days the bear may think
that spring has arrived; he gets up and walks around.
3.
Some animals, including some bears, only
half-hibernate.
Ⅳ. Put the following phrases into
English:
A.
1.他们每个人 2.他们中的任何人
3.他们中没人 4. 他们中的两人
5.他们俩 6.他们中的一些人
7.他们中的几个 8.他们中间没几个
9.他们中间许多人 10.他们所有的人
B.
1.在泥下 2.在地里
3.在地上 4.在松散的雪里
5.在雪下面 6.在树里面
7.在树下 8.在洞里
9.在空中
Ⅴ. A. Complete the following sentences after the
model:
Model: I wonder
（他们在做什么）
I wonder what they are
doing.
1. I wonder
（他们在谈什么）.
2. I wonder
（她一个人是怎么大扫除的）.
3. We wonder
（她什么时候去访问美国）.
4. We wonder
（他把包裹放在哪儿了）.
B.Put the following into
Chinese, paying attention to the different meanings of the word
or:
1. You must do it well whether
you like it or not.
2. “Don’t move, or I’ll fire!”
shouted the guard to the prisoner who was trying to run
away.
3. This book can be used in
English-speaking countries or in non-English speaking
countries（不讲英语的国家）
4. It’s one hundred and twenty
kilometers, or two hundred and forty li, from here to my
hometown.
Ⅵ. Join each pair of sentences after the
model:
Model: The cat was driven out
of the house. It climbed on to the roof.
Driven out of the house, the cat climbed on to the
roof.
1.
The wolves had nowhere to hide themselves.
They were hunted everywhere.
2.
The bear was badly wounded. It gathered
all its strength to rush at the hunter.
3.
The bears were frightened by the fire in
the forest. They ran down the hills.
4.
The snake was saved by the
kind-hearted （好心肠的）old man. It soon woke up from the coldness.
5.
The horse was given a whip now and then.
It kept running as fast as it could.
6.
The baby monkey was carried in its
mother’s arms. It looked very happy.
Ⅶ.A. Translate the following sentences into Chinese
and tell the function of “it”:
1.
It was exciting news.
2.
It was about half past ten when we got to
the station.
3.
It’s no use regretting what has been
done.
4.
People in the West make it a rule to buy
Christmas presents for their
relatives（亲戚）and friends.
5.
We think it important that college
students should master at least one foreign language.
6.
It is the eighth of March
today.
7.
The parents will never forget that it was
he who had saved their child’s life.
8.
A lovely day, isn’t it?
9.
It makes me sick to think about the
matter.
10.
It
takes me two hours to get here.
B.Read the third paragraph of
the text, pick out each sentence which has “it” and tell its
function.
Ⅷ. Read the following passage and answer the
questions:
A Fish That
Walks
Everyone knows that fish can
swim. But there is a special kind of fish that can also “walk”. The
walking fish can “leave” the water and still live. Sometimes a
walking fish gets tired of swimming in its pond. Then it can jump
out and walk to a new one.
Like other fish, the walking
fish uses its gills for breathing when it is in the water. But the
walking fish also has a simple lung that lets it breathe outside of
the water. It is its lung that makes this kind of fish different
from other fish. Its lung lets the fish breathe air when it is not
in the water. A walking fish can stay outside of the water for up
to twelve hours.
The fish has its own strange
way of walking. It jumps out of the water. It bends its back, drags
its tail forward, lifts its head and throws itself toward where it
wants to go.
The fish can keep up this
“walking” until it reaches a new pond. Once in the new pond, the
walking fish swims again.
Pond
n.池塘；鱼塘 gill n.鳃
1.
Can a walking fish live when it leaves the
water?
2.
What does a walking fish do when it gets tired of swimming
in its pond?
3.
What is it that makes this kind of fish different from
other fish?
4.
How long can a walking fish stay outside of the
water?
The fish has its own strange
way of walking, hasn’t it? How does it get out of the water and
“walk” to a new pond?
