莎士比亚：哈姆雷特（第三幕 第一场）
2011-05-31 13:24阅读：
ACT3
SCENE I. A room in the castle.
（Enter KING CLAUDIUS, QUEEN GERTRUDE, POLONIUS,
OPHELIA, ROSENCRANTZ, and GUILDENSTERN）
KING CLAUDIUS
And can you, by no drift of circumstance,
Get from him why he puts on this
confusion,
Grating so harshly all his days of
quiet
With turbulent and dangerous
lunacy?
ROSENCRANTZ
He does confess he feels himself distracted;
But from what cause he will by no means
speak.
GUILDENSTERN
Nor do we find him forward to be
sounded,
But, with a crafty madness, keeps
aloof,
When we would bring him on to some
confession
Of his true
state.
QUEEN GERTRUDE
Did he receive you
well?
ROSENCRANTZ
Most like a gentleman.
GUILDENSTERN
But with much forcing of his
disposition.
ROSENCRANTZ
Niggard of question; but, of our
demands,
Most free in his
reply.
QUEEN GERTRUDE
Did you assay him?
To any pastime?
ROSENCRANTZ
Madam, it so fell out, that certain
players
We o'er-raught on the way: of these we told
him;
And there did seem in him a kind of
joy
To hear of it: they are about the
court,
And, as I think, they have already
order
This night to play before
him.
LORD POLONIUS
'Tis most true:
And he beseech'd me to entreat your
majesties
To hear and see the matter.
KING CLAUDIUS
With all my heart; and it doth much content
me
To hear him so
inclined.
Good gentlemen, give him a further
edge,
And drive his purpose on to these
delights.
ROSENCRANTZ
We shall, my
lord.
（Exeunt ROSENCRANTZ and
GUILDENSTERN）
KING CLAUDIUS
Sweet Gertrude, leave us too;
For we have closely sent for Hamlet
hither,
That he, as 'twere by accident, may
here
Affront Ophelia:
Her father and myself, lawful
espials,
Will so bestow ourselves that, seeing,
unseen,
We may of their encounter frankly
judge,
And gather by him, as he is
behaved,
If 't be the affliction of his love or
no
That thus he suffers
for.
QUEEN GERTRUDE
I shall obey you.
And for your part, Ophelia, I do
wish
That your good beauties be
the happy cause
Of Hamlet's wildness: so shall I hope your
virtues
Will bring him to his wonted way
again,
To both your
honours.
OPHELIA
Madam, I wish it
may.
（Exit QUEEN GERTRUDE）
LORD POLONIUS
Ophelia, walk you here. Gracious, so please
you,
We will bestow
ourselves.（To
OPHELIA）
Read on this book;
That show of such an exercise may
colour
Your loneliness. We are oft to blame in
this,--
'Tis too much proved--that with devotion's
visage
And pious action we do sugar
o'er
The devil himself.
KING CLAUDIUS
[Aside] O, 'tis too true!
How smart a lash that speech doth give my
conscience!
The harlot's cheek, beautied with plastering
art,
Is not more ugly to the thing that helps
it
Than is my deed to my most painted
word:
O heavy
burthen!
LORD POLONIUS
I hear him coming: let's withdraw, my
lord.
（Exeunt KING CLAUDIUS and
POLONIUS）
（Enter HAMLET）
HAMLET
To be, or not to be: that is the
question:
Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to
suffer
The slings and arrows of outrageous
fortune,
Or to take arms against a sea of
troubles,
And by opposing end them? To die: to
sleep;
No more; and by a sleep to say we
end
The heart-ache and the
thousand natural shocks
That flesh is heir to, 'tis a
consummation
Devoutly to be wish'd. To die, to
sleep;
To sleep: perchance to dream: ay, there's
the rub;
For in that sleep of
death what dreams may come
When we have shuffled off this mortal
coil,
Must give us pause: there's the
respect
That makes calamity of so long
life;
For who would bear the whips and scorns of
time,
The oppressor's wrong, the proud man's
contumely,
The pangs of despised love, the law's
delay,
The insolence of office and the
spurns
That patient merit of the unworthy
takes,
When he himself might his quietus
make
With a bare bodkin? who would fardels
bear,
To grunt and sweat under a weary
life,
But that the dread of something after
death,
The undiscover'd country from whose
bourn
No traveller returns, puzzles the
will
And makes us rather bear those ills we
have
Than fly to others that we know not
of?
Thus conscience does make cowards of us
all;
And thus the native hue of
resolution
Is sicklied o'er with the pale cast of
thought,
And enterprises of great pith and
moment
With this regard their
currents turn awry,
And lose the name of action.--Soft you
now!
The fair Ophelia! Nymph, in thy
orisons
Be all my sins
remember'd.
OPHELIA
Good my lord,
How does your honour for this many a
day?
HAMLET
I humbly thank you; well, well,
well.
OPHELIA
My lord, I have remembrances of
yours,
That I have longed long to
re-deliver;
I pray you, now receive
them.
HAMLET
No, not I;
I never gave you
aught.
OPHELIA
My honour'd lord, you know right well you
did;
And, with them, words of so sweet breath
composed
As made the things more rich: their perfume
lost,
Take these again; for to the noble
mind
Rich gifts wax poor when givers prove
unkind.
There, my lord.
HAMLET
Ha, ha! are you
honest?
OPHELIA
My lord?
HAMLET
Are you fair?
OPHELIA
What means your
lordship?
HAMLET
That if you be honest and fair, your honesty
should
admit no discourse to your
beauty.
OPHELIA
Could beauty, my lord, have better commerce
than
with honesty?
HAMLET
Ay, truly; for the power of beauty will
sooner
transform honesty from what it is to a bawd
than the
force of honesty can translate beauty into
his
likeness: this was sometime a paradox, but
now the
time gives it proof. I did love you
once.
OPHELIA
Indeed, my lord, you made me believe
so.
HAMLET
You should not have believed me; for virtue
cannot
so inoculate our old stock but we shall
relish of
it: I loved you not.
OPHELIA
I was the more deceived.
HAMLET
Get thee to a nunnery: why wouldst thou be
a
breeder of sinners? I am myself indifferent
honest;
but yet I could accuse me of such things
that it
were better my mother had not borne me: I am
very
proud, revengeful, ambitious, with more
offences at
my beck than I have thoughts to put them
in,
imagination to give them
shape, or time to act them
in. What should such fellows as I do
crawling
between earth and heaven? We are arrant
knaves,
all; believe none of us. Go thy ways to a
nunnery.
Where's your father?
OPHELIA
At home, my lord.
HAMLET
Let the doors be shut upon him, that he may
play the
fool no where but in's own house.
Farewell.
OPHELIA
O, help him, you sweet heavens!
HAMLET
If thou dost marry, I'll give thee this
plague for
thy dowry: be thou as chaste as ice, as pure
as
snow, thou shalt not escape calumny. Get
thee to a
nunnery, go: farewell. Or, if thou wilt
needs
marry, marry a fool; for wise men know well
enough
what monsters you make of
them. To a nunnery, go,
and quickly too. Farewell.
OPHELIA
O heavenly powers, restore him!
HAMLET
I have heard of your paintings too, well
enough; God
has given you one face, and you make
yourselves
another: you jig, you amble, and you lisp,
and
nick-name God's creatures, and make your
wantonness
your ignorance. Go to, I'll no more on't; it
hath
made me mad. I say, we will have no more
marriages:
those that are married already, all but one,
shall
live; the rest shall keep as they are. To
a
nunnery, go.
（Exit）
OPHELIA
O, what a noble mind is here
o'erthrown!
The courtier's, soldier's, scholar's, eye,
tongue, sword;
The expectancy and rose of the fair
state,
The glass of fashion and the mould of
form,
The observed of all observers, quite, quite
down!
And I, of ladies most deject and
wretched,
That suck'd the honey of his music
vows,
Now see that noble and most sovereign
reason,
Like sweet bells jangled, out of tune and
harsh;
That unmatch'd form and feature of blown
youth
Blasted with ecstasy: O, woe is
me,
To have seen what I have seen, see what I
see!
（Re-enter KING CLAUDIUS and
POLONIUS）
KING CLAUDIUS
Love! his affections do not that way
tend;
Nor what he spake, though it lack'd form a
little,
Was not like madness. There's something in
his soul,
O'er which his melancholy sits on
brood;
And I do doubt the hatch and the
disclose
Will be some danger: which for to
prevent,
I have in quick determination
Thus set it down: he shall with speed to
England,
For the demand of our neglected
tribute
Haply the seas and countries
different
With variable objects shall
expel
This something-settled matter in his
heart,
Whereon his brains still beating puts him
thus
From fashion of himself. What think you
on't?
LORD POLONIUS
It shall do well: but yet do I
believe
The origin and commencement of his
grief
Sprung from neglected love. How now,
Ophelia!
You need not tell us what Lord Hamlet
said;
We heard it all. My lord, do as you
please;
But, if you hold it fit, after the
play
Let his queen mother all alone entreat
him
To show his grief: let her be
round with him;
And I'll be placed, so please you, in the
ear
Of all their conference. If she find him
not,
To England send him, or confine him
where
Your wisdom best shall
think.
KING CLAUDIUS
It shall be so:
Madness in great ones must not unwatch'd
go.（Exeunt）
SCENE I
（END）
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
第三幕
第一场 城堡中一室
（国王、王后、波洛涅斯、奥菲利娅、罗森格兰兹及吉尔登斯吞上。
）
国王
你们不能用迂回婉转的方法，探出他为什么这样神魂颠倒，让紊乱而危险的疯狂困扰他的安静的生活
吗？
罗森格兰兹
他承认他自己有些神经迷惘，可是绝口不肯说为了什么缘故。
吉尔登斯吞
他也不肯虚心接受我们的探问；当我们想要引导他吐露他自己的一些真相的时候，他总是用假作痴
呆的神气故意回避。
王后
他对待你们还客气吗？
罗森格兰兹
很有礼貌。
吉尔登斯吞
可是不大自然。
罗森格兰兹
他很吝惜自己的话，可是我们问他话的时候，他回答起来却是毫无拘束。
王后
你们有没有劝诱他找些什么消遣？
罗森格兰兹
娘娘，我们来的时候，刚巧有一班戏子也要到这儿来，给我们赶过了；我们把这消息告诉了他，他
听了好像很高兴。现在他们已经到了宫里，我想他已经吩咐他们今晚为他演出了。
波洛涅斯
一点不错；他还叫我来请两位陛下同去看看他们演得怎样哩。
国王
那好极了；我非常高兴听见他在这方面感到兴趣。请你们两位还要更进一步鼓起他的兴味，把他的心思移
转到这种娱乐上面。
罗森格兰兹
是，陛下。（罗森格兰兹、吉尔登斯吞同下。）
国王
亲爱的乔特鲁德，你也暂时离开我们；因为我们已经暗中差人去唤哈姆莱特到这儿来，让他和奥菲利娅见
见面，就像他们偶然相遇一般。她的父亲跟我两人将要权充一下密探，躲在可以看见他们，却不能被他们看
见的地方，注意他们会面的情形，从他的行为上判断他的疯病究竟是不是因为恋爱上的苦闷。
王后
我愿意服从您的意旨。奥菲利娅，但愿你的美貌果然是哈姆莱特疯狂的原因；更愿你的美德能够帮助他恢
复原状，使你们两人都能安享尊荣。
奥菲利娅
娘娘，但愿如此。（王后下。）
波洛涅斯
奥菲利娅，你在这儿走走。陛下，我们就去躲起来吧。（向奥菲利娅）你拿这本书去读，他看见你这
样用功，就不会疑心你为什么一个人在这儿了。人们往往用至诚的外表和虔敬的行动，掩饰一颗魔鬼般的内
心，这样的例子是太多了。
国王
（旁白）啊，这句话是太真实了！它在我的良心上抽了多么重的一鞭！涂脂抹粉的娼妇的脸，还不及掩藏
在虚伪的言辞后面的我的行为更丑恶。难堪的重负啊！
波洛涅斯
我听见他来了；我们退下去吧，陛下。（国王及波洛涅斯下。）
（哈姆莱特上。 ）
哈姆莱特
生存还是毁灭，这是一个值得考虑的问题；默然忍受命运的暴虐的毒箭，或是挺身反抗人世的无涯的
苦难，通过斗争把它们扫清，这两种行为，哪一种更高贵？死了；睡着了；什么都完了；要是在这一种睡眠
之中，我们心头的创痛，以及其他无数血肉之躯所不能避免的打击，都可以从此消失，那正是我们求之不得
的结局。死了；睡着了；睡着了也许还会做梦；嗯，阻碍就在这儿：因为当我们摆脱了这一具朽腐的皮囊以
后，在那死的睡眠里，究竟将要做些什么梦，那不能不使我们踌躇顾虑。人们甘心久困于患难之中，也就是
为了这个缘故；谁愿意忍受人世的鞭挞和讥嘲、压迫者的凌辱、傲慢者的冷眼、被轻蔑的爱情的惨痛、法律
的迁延、官吏的横暴和费尽辛勤所换来的小人的鄙视，要是他只要用一柄小小的刀子，就可以清算他自己的
一生？谁愿意负着这样的重担，在烦劳的生命的压迫下呻吟流汗，倘不是因为惧怕不可知的死后，惧怕那从
来不曾有一个旅人回来过的神秘之国，是它迷惑了我们的意志，使我们宁愿忍受目前的磨折，不敢向我们所
不知道的痛苦飞去？这样，重重的顾虑使我们全变成了懦夫，决心的赤热的光彩，被审慎的思维盖上了一层
灰色，伟大的事业在这一种考虑之下，也会逆流而退，失去了行动的意义。且慢！美丽的奥菲利娅！——女
神，在你的祈祷之中，不要忘记替我忏悔我的罪孽。
奥菲利娅
我的好殿下，您这许多天来贵体安好吗？
哈姆莱特
谢谢你，很好，很好，很好。
奥菲利娅
殿下，我有几件您送给我的纪念品，我早就想把它们还给您；请您现在收回去吧。
哈姆莱特
不，我不要；我从来没有给你什么东西。
奥菲利娅
殿下，我记得很清楚您把它们送给了我，那时候您还向我说了许多甜言蜜语，使这些东西格外显得贵
重；现在它们的芳香已经消散，请您拿回去吧，因为在有骨气的人看来，送礼的人要是变了心，礼物虽贵，
也会失去了价值。拿去吧，殿下。
哈姆莱特
哈哈！你贞洁吗？
奥菲利娅
殿下！
哈姆莱特
你美丽吗？
奥菲利娅
殿下是什么意思？
哈姆莱特
要是你既贞洁又美丽，那么你的贞洁应该断绝跟你的美丽来往。
奥菲利娅
殿下，难道美丽除了贞洁以外，还有什么更好的伴侣吗？
哈姆莱特
嗯，真的；因为美丽可以使贞洁变成淫荡，贞洁却未必能使美丽受它自己的感化；这句话从前像是怪
诞之谈，可是现在时间已经把它证实了。我的确曾经爱过你。
奥菲利娅
真的，殿下，您曾经使我相信您爱我。
哈姆莱特
你当初就不应该相信我，因为美德不能熏陶我们罪恶的本性；我没有爱过你。
奥菲利娅
那么我真是受了骗了。
哈姆莱特
进尼姑庵去吧；为什么你要生一群罪人出来呢？我自己还不算是一个顶坏的人；可是我可以指出我的
许多过失，一个人有了那些过失，他的母亲还是不要生下他来的好。我很骄傲，有仇必报，富于野心，我的
罪恶是那么多，连我的思想也容纳不下，我的想像也不能给它们形像，甚至于我都没有充分的时间可以把它
们实行出来。像我这样的家伙，匍匐于天地之间，有什么用处呢？我们都是些十足的坏人；一个也不要相信
我们。进尼姑庵去吧。你的父亲呢？
奥菲利娅
在家里，殿下。
哈姆莱特
把他关起来，让他只好在家里发发傻劲。再会！
奥菲利娅
嗳哟，天哪！救救他！
哈姆莱特
要是你一定要嫁人，我就把这一个咒诅送给你做嫁奁：尽管你像冰一样坚贞，像雪一样纯洁，你还是
逃不过谗人的诽谤。进尼姑庵去吧，去；再会！或者要是你必须嫁人的话，就嫁给一个傻瓜吧；因为聪明人
都明白你们会叫他们变成怎样的怪物。进尼姑庵去吧，去；越快越好。再会！
奥菲利娅
天上的神明啊，让他清醒过来吧！
哈姆莱特
我也知道你们会怎样涂脂抹粉；上帝给了你们一张脸，你们又替自己另外造了一张。你们烟视媚行，
淫声浪气，替上帝造下的生物乱取名字，卖弄你们不懂事的风骚。算了吧，我再也不敢领教了；它已经使我
发了狂。我说，我们以后再不要结什么婚了；已经结过婚的，除了一个人以外，都可以让他们活下去；没有
结婚的不准再结婚，进尼姑庵去吧，去。（下。）
奥菲利娅
啊，一颗多么高贵的心是这样殒落了！朝臣的眼睛、学者的辩舌、军人的利剑、国家所瞩望的一朵娇
花；时流的明镜、人伦的雅范、举世注目的中心，这样无可挽回地殒落了！我是一切妇女中间最伤心而不幸
的，我曾经从他音乐一般的盟誓中吮吸芬芳的甘蜜，现在却眼看着他的高贵无上的理智，像一串美妙的银铃
失去了谐和的音调，无比的青春美貌，在疯狂中雕谢！啊！我好苦，谁料过去的繁华，变作今朝的泥土！
（国王及波洛涅斯重上。）
国王
恋爱！他的精神错乱不像是为了恋爱；他说的话虽然有些颠倒，也不像是疯狂。他有些什么心事盘踞在他
的灵魂里，我怕它也许会产生危险的结果。为了防止万一，我已经当机立断，决定了一个办法：他必须立刻
到英国去，向他们追索延宕未纳的贡物；也许他到海外各国游历一趟以后，时时变换的环境，可以替他排解
去这一桩使他神思恍惚的心事。你看怎么样？
波洛涅斯
那很好；可是我相信他的烦闷的根本原因，还是为了恋爱上的失意。啊，奥菲利娅！你不用告诉我们
哈姆莱特殿下说些什么话；我们全都听见了。陛下，照您的意思办吧；可是您要是认为可以的话，不妨在戏
剧终场以后，让他的母后独自一人跟他在一起，恳求他向她吐露他的心事；她必须很坦白地跟他谈谈，我就
找一个所在听他们说些什么。要是她也探听不出他的秘密来，您就叫他到英国去，或者凭着您的高见，把他
关禁在一个适当的地方。
国王
就这样吧；大人物的疯狂是不能听其自然的。（同下。）
第一场 （完）
