2010年12月全国英语四级模拟考试
2010-11-17 10:42阅读：
2010年12月全国英语四级模拟考试
PartⅠ
Writing
（30
minutes）
Directions:
For this part, you are allowed
30 minutes to write a letter to the president of your
university. You should write at least 120 words based on the
outline given below in Chinese:
1.能源在人类的生存和发展中的重要作用;
2.描述目前的能源现状，并指出引起全球能源危机的原因;
3.如何解决能源危机。
How to
Solve The Energy Crisis
PartⅡ
Reading
Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)
(15 minutes)
Directions:
In this part, you will have 15
minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on
Answer Sheet 1.
For questions 1-7, choose the
best answer from the four choices marked A), B),C)and
D).
For question 8-10, complete the
sentences with the information given in the
passage。
Animals on the
Move
It looked like a scene
from “Jaws”
but without the dramatic music.
A huge shark was lowly swimming through the water, its tail
swinging back and forth like the pendulum of a
clock。
Suddenly sensitive
nerve ending in the shark’s skin picked up vibrations of a struggling fish. The shark
was immediately transformed into a deadly, efficient machine of
death. With muscles taut, the shark knifed through the water at a
rapid speed. In a flash the shark caught its victim, a large fish,
in its powerful jaws. Then, jerking its head back and forth, the
shark tore huge chunks of flesh from its victim and swallowed them.
Soon the action was over。
Moving to
Survive
In pursuing its prey,
the shark demonstrated in a dramatic way the important role of
movement, or locomotion, in animals。
Like the shark, most
animals use movement to find food. They also use locomotion to
escape enemies, find a mate, and explore new territories. The
methods of locomotion include crawling, hopping, slithering,
flying, swimming, or walking。
Humans have the added
advantage of using their various inventions to move about in just
about any kind of environment. Automobiles, rockets, and submarines
transport humans from deep oceans to as far away as the moon.
However, for other animals movement came about naturally through
millions of years of evolution. One of the most successful examples
of animal locomotion is that of the shark. Its ability to quickly
zero in on its prey has always impressed scientists. But it took a
detailed study by Duke University marine biologists S. A.
Wainwright, F. Vosburgh, and J. H. Hebrank to find out how the
sharks did it. In their study the scientists observed sharks
swimming in a tank at Marine land in Saint Augustine, Fla. Movies
were taken of the sharks’ movements and analyzed. Studies were also
made of shark skin and muscle。
Skin Is the
Key
The biologists
discovered that the skin of the shark is the key to the
animal’s high efficiency
in swimming through the water. The skin contains many fibers that
crisscross like the inside of a belted radial tire. The fibers are
called collagen fibers. These fibers can either store or release
large amounts of energy depending on whether the fibers are relaxed
or taut. When the fibers are stretched, energy is stored in them
the way energy is stored in the string of a bow when pulled tight.
When the energy is released, the fibers become
relaxed。
The Duke University
biologists have found that the greatest stretching occurs where the
shark bends its body while swimming. During the
body’s back and forth
motion, fibers along the outside part of the bending body stretch
greatly. Much potential energy is stored in the fibers. This energy
is released when the shark’s body snaps back the other way。
As energy is
alternately stored and released on both sides of the
animal’s body, the tail
whips strongly back and forth. This whip-like action propels the
animal through the water like a living bullet。
Source of
Energy
What causes the fibers
to store so much energy? In finding the answer the Duke University
scientists learned that the shark’s similarity to a belted radial tire
doesn’t stop with the
skin. Just as a radial tire is inflated by pressure, so, too, is
the area just under the shark’s collagen “radials”.
Instead of air pressure, however, the pressure in the shark may be
due to the force of the blood pressing on the collagen
fibers。
When the shark swims
slowly, the pressure on the fibers is relatively low. The fibers
are more relaxed, and the shark is able to bend its body at sharp
angles. The animal swims this way when looking around for food or
just swimming. However, when the shark detects an important food
source, some fantastic involuntary changes take
place。
The pressure inside the
animal may increase by 10 times. This pressure change greatly
stretches the fibers, enabling much energy to be
stored。
This energy is then
transferred to the tail, and the shark is off. The rest of the
story is predictable。
Dolphin Has Speed
Record
Another fast marine
animal is the dolphin. This seagoing mammal has been clocked at
speeds of 32 kilometers (20 miles) an hour. Biologists studying the
dolphin have discovered that, like the shark, the
animal’s efficient
locomotion can be traced to its skin. A dolphin’s skin is made up
in such a way that it offers very little resistance to the water
flowing over it. Normally when a fish or other object moves slowly
through the water, the water flows smoothly past the body. This
smooth flow is known as laminar flow. However, at faster speeds the
water becomes more turbulent along the moving fish. This turbulence
muses friction and slows the fish down。
In a dolphin the skin
is so flexible that it bends and yields to the waviness of the
water。
The waves, in effect,
become tucked into the skin’s folds. This allows the rest of the water to move smoothly
by in a laminar flow. Where other animals would be slowed by
turbulent water at rapid speeds, the dolphin can race through the
water at record breaking speeds。
Other Animals Less
Efficient
Not all animals move as
efficiently as sharks and dolphins. Perhaps the greatest loser in
locomotion efficiency is the slug. The slug, which looks like a
snail without a shell, lays down a slimy trail over which it
crawls. It uses so much energy producing the slimy mucus and
crawling over it that a mouse traveling the same distance uses only
one twelfth as much energy。
Scientists say that
because of the slug’s
inefficient use of energy, its lifestyle must be restricted. That
is, the animals are forced to confine themselves to small areas for
obtaining food and finding proper living conditions. Have humans
ever been faced with this kind of problem?
1.According to the passage, a
shark can use movement to do something except______.
A)to find food
B)to avoid being chased
by its enemies
C)to find a new place
to live
D)to show its
braveness
2.Examples of automobiles,
rockets and submarines are used to show that ______.
A)humans are the most
clever living creatures in the world
B)human inventions enable us to travel in almost any kind of
environment
C)humans are very successful in inventing transportation
tools
D)humans
can’t move like
other animals in any circumstances
3.What is the key to the
shark’s swift
locomotion in water?
A)The skin.
B)The tail.
C)The muscle.
D)The
jaw.
4.According to the Duke
University scientists, when does the shark stretch its collagen
fibers to the greatest extent?
A)When moving its tail rapidly.
B)When finding its
preys.
C)When staying without
any movement.
D)When bending its body in swimming.
5.Why is the area just under
the shark’s
collagen fibers similar to a belted radial
tire?
A)Because it is also
full of blood pressure.
B)Because it is also
filled of air pressure.
C)Because it is also
inflated by pressure.
D)Because it also can
be used again and again.
6.A laminar flow is formed when
a fish swims______。
A)slowly through the
water.
B)rapidly through the water
C)against the current.
D)at the fastest speed in
water
7.Consuming the equal amount of
energy as a slug does, a mouse can travelas long as
it__________。
A)one twelfth times.
B)the same.
C)12 times.
D)1.2 times。
8.A shark finds its prey
by___________.
9.According to the passage,
_______can be compared to the string of a bow for both of them
store energy when stretched.
10.When the shark detects an
important food source, ________take place.
PartⅢ
Listening Comprehension
（35
minutes）
Section A
Directions:In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2
long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more
questions will be asked about what was said.Both the conversation
and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question
there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four
choices marked A), B),C) and D), and decide which is the best
answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2
with a single line through the centre.
11.A)He is going to see a
doctor.
B) He is going to take cold drugs.
C) He is going to have a
rest.
D)He is going to have dinner.
12.A)He will talk with her
later. B)He is too
busy to have a talk.
C)He doesn’t want to see her.
D)He has nothing to say.
13.A)He wants to join the
party. B)He
loses his invitation to the party.
C)He parts with his girfriend.
D)He has his leg broken.
14.A)At a store.
B)In a factory.
C)At the office
D)In a repair shop.
15.A)The man forget to check
his backpack.
B)The backpack must be stolen by someone.
C)The man was too careless.
D)The backpack cant’t be found back.
16.A)They are short of hands.
B)The man needs more chances.
C)The man should take a rest.
D)They would
not hire more people.
17.A)The restaurant foods are
more delicious. B)He prefers
to eat at home.
C)He like cooking at home.
D)He is sick of sea
foods.
18.A)She wants to finish her
work. B)She needs
time to have a rest.
C)She has a literature class to
attend.
D)She dislikes playing basketball.
Questions 19 to 21 are based
on the conversation you have just heard.
19.A)About information on how
to do things.
B)About how to broaden one’s
knowledge.
C)About how to improve one’s
appreciation ability.
D)About how to tell a long
story.
20.A)It can help people to
succeed.
B)It can help people make full
use of spare time.
C)It is a waste of money to buy
these books.
D)It is hard to understand the
books.
21.A)Because the books are
intering.
B)Because people are easily cheated.
C)Because life is becoming
complex. D)Because the books are
cheap.
Questions 22 to 25 are based
on the conversation you have just heard.
22.A)Students are free of
charge.
B)Members can choose at their
best value.
C)No discount will be provided.
D)Menbers are charged
monthly.
23.A)The big discount and great
save. B)The specialists’
instructions.
C)The comprehensive travelling
information. D)The most comfortable
service.
24.A)Because it cost little.
B)Because he
is afraid of being alone.
C)Because he likes to make
friends. D)Because there
is no other choice.
25.A)Through the brochures.
B)Through the telephone.
C)From the newspaper.
D)Through the e-mail.
Section B
Directions:
In this section, you will hear
3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some
questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only
once.After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer
from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the
corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line
through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 26 to 28 are based
on the conversation you have just heard.
26.A)Losting control over the
thoughts.
B)Occurrence of the strange
ideas.
C)Behaving in an abnormal way.
D)Emotional,metal and physical
problems.
27.A)It involves much help from
the external.
B)It is through inner work and
training.
C)It is with the help of
medication.
D)It
involves the psychological help.
28.A)Write dowm the negative
thoughts and read them.
B)Keep the idea of dealing with
the negative thoughts.
C)Divert the attention to the
positive thoughts and images.
D)Return to the help of the
pleasant people.
Passage Two
Questions 29 to 31 are based
on the passage you have just heard.
29.A)The person who feels compelled to lie
about everything.
B)The person who lies knowingly
for personal gain.
C)The person who uses lying to
get something he wants.
D)The person who lies more with
the long passage of time.
30.A)He will quit telling a lie
later. B)He will continue with
lying.
C)He will feel troubled.
D)He
will forget the lying.
31.A)Because people fail to
detect the cheating behavious.
B)Because liars have made
people hurt.
C)Because people get lost in
the lies.
D)Because liars are not
trustworthy.
Passage
Three
Questions 32 to 35 are based
on the passage you have just
heard．
32．A)Getting more infommtion about me
cultural features of host countw．
B)Joining the language training class more than
three months．
C)Taking the academic，financial mid personal factors into
consideration．
D)Enquiring into the details of the programs offered
by the university．
33．A)It can help them greatly．
B)It
presents challenge for them．
C)It eases the future job
seeking． D)They
will not get the degree．
34．A)They may have no way of earning
money．
B)They will not get the financial support from the
parents．
C)The host country will ignore their human
rights．
D)The bank will refuse their loan
application．
35．A)Studying abroad is very appealing to the
students．
B)All the students studying abroad can deal with the
challenge．
C)The students should ensure whether it is a right
choice．
D)Studying abroad will be a valuable experience for
the students．
Section C
Directions：In this section,you will hear passage
three times. When the passage is read for the
first time,you should listen carefully for its general idea. When
the passage is read for the second ,you are required to fill in the
blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just
bread . For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill
in the missing information.For these blanks ,you can either use the
exact words you have just heard or write down the
main points in you own words.Finally, when the
passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have
written.
The earth may only have one
Moon , but it's a big one ! The Earth's Moon is the fifth
largest in the whole (36)________system.But it
is still smaller than the Earth ,so (37)________weigh less on the
Moon than they do here . That's why the astronauts could enjoy
(38)________around on the lunar surface .
Even though the Moon has no
(39)________water ,it does have special “seas” and “land” on its
surface . There are also many interesting (40)________such as
craters (火山口)，mountain
ranges, and lave (熔岩)plains . The interior of the Moon is made up of different
(41)________of rock，some
solid and some molten like lava．By studying the Moon’(42)_________ and interior，geologists can learn about the
Moon’s geological
history and its(43)__________.
The footprints left behind by
the Apollo astronauts(44)____
_ ___.
The Moon has no
atmosphere，so
there is no weather to erase the footprints．On the Earth，(45)___________________________________Because
there is no atmosphere on the Moon，the temperatures there are
very hot during the day and very cold at night．The Moon doesn’t produce its own
light，but looks bright
because it reflects light from the Sun．(46)_________
_____ .The
lunar phase changes as the Moon orbits the Earth and different
portions of its surface are lightened by the
Sun.
Part IV
Reading Comprehension ( Reading in Depth)
(25
minutes)
Section A
Directions:
In this section, there is a
passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for
each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following
the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your
choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please
mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet
2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use
any of the words in the bank more than once.
Questions 47 to 56 are based
on the following passage.
One thing the tour books don't tell you about London
is that 2, 000 of its residents are foxes. They ran away from the
city about two centuries ago after developers and pollution moved
in. But now that the
(47)
is cleaner, the foxes have come home. 'The
number and variety of wild animals in
(48)
areas is increasing,' says
Gomer Jones. A survey of the wildlife in New York's central Park
last year counted 14 species of mammals. A similar survey
(49)
in the 1890s counted
only five species.
Several changes have brought wild animals to the
cities. Foremost is that air and water quality in many cities have
improved as a result of the 1970s
(50)
-control efforts.
Meanwhile, rural areas have been built up, leaving many animals on
the edges of
(51)
In addition, urban wildlife refuges have been
(52)
. The
Greater London Council last year spent 750,000 to buy land and
build 10
(53)
wildlife refuges in the city. As a result, many birds
are now living in the city. For peregrine falcons
(游集) cities are
actually safer than rural cliff dwellings.
Cities can attract wild animals without turning them
harmful. The trick is to create habitats where they can be self
(54)
but
still be seen and appreciated. Such habitats can even be
functional. In San Francisco, the
(55)
government is testing different kinds of
rainwater control basins to see not only which ones
(56)
the
cleanest water but which will attract the most birds.
A) created
B) sufficient
C) conducted
D)
suburbs
E) retain
F) earth
G) conditions
H) fierce
I)
environment J) urban
K) sequence
L) local
M) noise
N) pollution
O) permanent
Section B
Directions:
There are 2 passages in this
section. Each passage is followed by
some questions or unfinished statements.For each of
them there are four choices marked A ) , B ) ,C). and D ) . You
should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter
on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the
centre.
Passage One
Questions 57 to 61 are based
on the following passage.
The loud outcry about poverty seemed
to come in the wealthiest country -by far -in the world. According,
to most calculations, through most of the 1945 1975 period the
United States had a standard of living well above Europe's and many
times above the world average. Yet protests about grinding poverty,
hunger, and dreadful need proceed more from the United States than
from countries with one-fortieth of their living standard. ( An
annual per capital income of eight dollars is typical of much of
Mrica and Asia and not a little of South America. ) It would seem
strange to these people (were they only aware of the fact) that
American radicals demand a retreat from an American commitment to
the far comers of the globe so that the money thus saved can be
spent raising the standard of living of underprivileged
Americans.
What this last point suggests is not so much that human wants are
never to be satisfied though this is doubtless true, and the
American living in suburb deprived of his second car and his color
TV suffers just as acutely as an African farmer in need of a second
cow and a screen door. Rather, it suggests the extent of
contemporary breach (违反) of social norms -the emancipation (解放) of the individual self. People have
learned that their wants are sacred and rights ought to be
satisfied. They have learned to consider any obstacle to personal
fulfillment and intolerable insult. They have greatly expanded the
circle of self-awareness. They no longer accept sharp limitations
on individual desires in the name of the group.
The amount of potential human discontent has always
been infinite -misery, failure, misfitting, bitterness, hatred,
envy beyond telling. It has usually failed of utterance, and in the
past it was accepted passively as being beyond
help.
57. According to the passage,
most complaints over a poor living standard were made by those who
came from_______ .
A) the United States
B)
Asian countries
C) the European Community
D) Common Wealth of Nations
58. The average income for each
American a year during the 60's was most likely in the neighborhood
of________ .
A) 1120 dollars
B) 40 dollars
C) 320 dollars
D) 80
dollars
59. In order to improve the
standard of living of poor Americans, the extremists in the States
demand________.
A) a full tax relief on
citizens living overseas
B) a stop to arms race against
nations far away
C) a cut in financial
assistance to poor countries
D) a favorable balance of trade
with foreign countries
60. The real cause for the most
fortunate people to protest about poverty lies in
________.
A) added consciousness of self
B) their economic
status
C) limitations of human nature
D) conflict in class
interests
61．From the last sentence, it can be safely inferred that
outcry about poverty in effect involves peoples'
_______
A) ability to suffer a hard
life
B) understanding of their
rights
C) political attitude toward
the government
D) whole outlook on different
life-style
Passage Two
Questions 62 to 66 are based
on the following passage.
Aspirin is the most
popular drug in the world today. Many people take aspirin when they
have a headache. It is effective in relieving other pains too. This
article discusses the history and uses of aspirin.
Americans this year will
swallow 15,000 tons of aspirin, one of the safest and most
effective drugs invented by man. The most popular medicine in the
world today, it is an effective pain reliever. Its bad effects are
relatively mild, and it is cheap.
For millions of people suffering
from arthritis, it is the only thing that works. Aspirin, in short,
is truly the 20th century wonder drug. It is also the second
largest suicide drug and is the leading cause of poisoning among
children. It has side effects that, although relatively mild, are
largely unrecognized among uses.
Although aspirin was first sold by a
German company in 1899, it has been around much longer than that.
Hippocrates, in ancient Greece, understood the medical value of the
leaves and tree bark which today are known to contain
salicylates(水杨酸盐),
the chemical in aspirin. During the 19th Century, there was a great
deal of experimentation in Europe with this chemical , and it led
to the introduction in Europe with this chemical, and it led to the
introduction of aspirin. By 1915, aspirin tablets were available in
the United States.
A small quantity of aspirin (two
five-grain tablets) relieves pain and inflammation. It also reduces
fever by interfering with some of the body's reactions.
Specifically, aspirin seems to slow down the formation of the acids
involved in pain and the complex chemical reactions that cause
fever. The chemistry of these acids is not fully understood, but
the slowing effect of aspirin is well known.
Aspirin is very irritating to the
stomach, and many aspirin takers complain about upset stomach.
There is a right way and a wrong way to take aspirin. The best way
is to chew the tablets before swallowing them with water, but few
people can stand the bitter taste. Some people suggest crushing the
tablets in milk or orange juice and drinking
that.
62. A good title for this
article would be ________.
A) Why I Take
Aspirin
B) The Side Effects of
Aspirin
C) Aspirin: The Most Popular
Medicine in the World
D) Aspirin, a Good
Medicine
63. What attitude does the
author hold towards aspirin?
A) Negative.
B) Positive. C)
Ambiguous. D)
Impersonal.
64. People in ancient Greece
understood that ______.
A) some tree bark and leaves
could be used as aspirin
B) some tree bark and leaves
had certain medical effects
C) aspirin was a good pain
killer
D) aspirin could cure
arthritis
65. How does aspirin reduce
fever?
A) It slows down human
reactions to fever.
B) It prevents the formation of the fever-related chemical
reactions.
C) It interferes with the formation of some acids.
D) It makes human body unconscious of pains.
66. The best way to take
aspirin is to ______.
A) swallow the tablets
directly
B) chew the tablets before swallowing down with orange juice
C) crush the tablets in milk and drink it
D) chew the tablets and swallow them down
Part
V
Cloze
(15 minutes)
Directions:
There are 20 blanks in the
following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked
A),B),C)and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose
the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the
corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line
through the centre.
If you were to begin a new job
tomorrow, you would bring with you some basic strengths and
weaknesses. Success or___67___in your work would depend,
to__68__great extent, __69__your ability to use your
strengths and weaknesses to the best advantage.
__70__the utmost
importance is your attitude. A person who begins a job convinced
that he isn't going to like it__71__is sure that he is going
to all is exhibiting a weakness which can only ___72___ his
success. On the other hand, a person who is secure__73__his
belief that he is probably as __74__of doing the work as
anyone else and who is willing to make a cheerful attempt
__75__it possesses a certain strength of
purpose.
The__76__are that he
will do well. Having the prerequisite skills for a particular job
is strength. __77__those skills is obviously a
__78__. A bookkeeper who can't add and a carpenter who can't
cut a straight line with a saw are hopeless cases. This book has
been designed to help you capitalize (利用) on the strength and__79__the
weakness that you bring to the job of learning. But in groups to
measure your development, you must first ___80___stock of
somewhere you stand now. __81__we get further along in the
book, we'll __82__in some detail with__83__processes
for developing and strengthening learning skills.
However,__84__begin with, you
should pause to examine your present strengths and weaknesses in
three areas that are __85__to your success or failure in
school: your__86__, your reading and communication skills,
and your study habits.
67.A) improvement
B) victory
C) failure
D)
achievement
68.A)a
B)the
C)some
D)certain
69.A)in
B)on
C)of
D)to
70.A)Out of
B)Of
C)To
D)Into
71.A)or
B)and
C)but
D)so
72.A) ensure
B) sustain
C) hinder
D) enhance
73.A)onto
B)on
C)off
D)in
74.A) intelligent
B) competitive
C) capable
D) competent
75.A) near
B)on
C)by
D)at
76.A) occasions
B) likenesses
C) chances
D)
opportunities
77.A) Lack
B) Lacked
C) Lacking
D)
Lacks
78.A) shortcoming
B) advantage
C) virtue
D) weakness
79.A) promote
B)
overcome C) strengthen
D) advance
80.A)make
B)take
C)do
D)give
81.A)As
B)Till
C)Over
D)Out
82.A) deal
B) have dealt C)
be dealt
D) be dealing
83.A) generous
B) absolute
C) specific
D) general
84.A) around
B)to
C)from
D)beside
85.A)critical
B)major
C)principal
D)unimportant
86.A)intelligence
B)work
C)attitude
D)weakness
Part VI
Translation
( 5 minutes
)
Directions:
Complete the sentences by
translating into English the Chinese given
in the brackets. Please write your translation on
Answer Sheet 2.
87. I don't
mind_________________(你推迟作决定) as long as it is not too
late.
88. Without proper lessons, you
could____________________ (沾染上很多坏习惯) when playing the piano.
89. Between 1974 and 1997, the
number of overseas visitors______________________(增加了
27% ).
90. In a sudden burst of anger,
the man
__________________________(撕碎了手边的一切物品).
91. ______________________
(天一变黑) than she
realized it was too late to go home.
