新世纪大学英语综合教程3 Unit3 课堂笔记及课后练习答案
2011-10-26 10:51阅读：
Notes for Unit 3, Book
Three
I. Useful Words and
Expressions（Text
B）
1. priority n.
(L.10)
1. [C] the thing that is
(regarded as) more important
than others 优先考虑的事
你必须学会辨别事情的轻重缓急。 You must
learn to get your priorities
right.
她没有把度假当作优先考虑的事情。Holidays didn’t
figure high on her list
of priorities.
2. [U] the fact or
condition of being regarded as
more important 优先；重点
政府将改革法制列
为工作的重点。
The Government gave top priority
to reforming the legal
system.
2. the breadline
(L.13) a very
low level of income which
allows people to eat but
not have any extra things
仅能有饭吃而不能保证满足其他生活需求的极低收入水平
他们虽然不富，却也没有挣扎在贫困线上。
They are not well off, but
they are not on the
breadline.
搭配 be / live on
the breadline 非常穷，勉强维持生活
be near / below the
breadline 接近/低于最低生活标准
3. banish v.
(L.18)
1. drive away; force to
leave 排除；驱逐
那时很多人被流放到西伯利亚。A number of
people were banished to Siberia
at that time.
2. drive (thoughts, etc) out
(of the mind) 清除
她清除了脑中所有的浪漫想法。She banished
all thoughts of romance from
her mind.
4. intense a.
(L.27)
1. (of sensations)
having a very strong effect
or felt very strongly
强烈的；极度的
热度很高，铁条当即就融化了。
The heat was so intense
that the iron bar was
melted instantly.
此事需要高度关注。 The matter
needs intense concern.
2. (of colour)very strong or
deep（颜色）浓的；深的
拥有深绿色的湖水和清新的空气，月亮湖是一旅游热点。
Owning / With intense green
color and fresh air, the
Moon Lake is a hot
tourist spot.
5. in the long run (L.30)
later in the future,
not immediately 从长远来看
这从长远来看是省钱的。 It saves
in the long run.
从长远来看，饭后散步有益于健康。
Taking a walk after dinner
will be good for your
health in the long
run.
6. in line with (L.36)
in accordance to
与…符合
本公司的报酬与同等国际机构一致。
Remuneration / The pay in
our company is in line
with comparable international
orgnizations.
收入所得税随所赚多少而波动。
Income tax fluctuates in line
with the change in a
person’s earning.
短语 line of business
专业，行业 be
in sb.’s line 是某人的专长
take a firm line on
对某事采取坚定的态度
drop sb. a line 给人写短信（便条） down the
line 从头至尾；自始至终
7. relative to (L.39)
in comparison with;
concerning 相比；有关
据说女人比男人更敏感。It is said
that women are more sensitive
relative to men.
这个记者问了有关赤字的问题。The reporter
asked questions relative to the
deficit.
8. reinforce v.
(L.49)
1. give more support to
(sth.); emphasize 给予更多的支持；加强
这个消息增强了她的希望。 The news
reinforced her hopes.
这个证据进一步证实了我们认为他是凶手的这一看法。
The evidence reinforced our view
that he was the
murderer.
2. increase the numbers or
military strength of 增援
必须增援这一地区的军力。 The army
force in this region must
be reinforced.
9. derive from (L.50)
come from; get sth.
from sth. or sb. 来自；从…得到
许多英文词源于拉丁语。 Many English
words derive from
Latin.
人们发现可以从读书中获得乐趣。People find
that they can derive pleasure
from reading.
易混词:
deprive：剥夺（人，地方）对某物的所有（或使用）
deprive of 夺去
事故使他失去了双腿。 The accident
deprived him of his
legs.
10. decrease (L.61)
1. v. (cause
sth. to) become smaller or
fewer 减少
她对于此项运动的兴趣逐渐减少。Her interest
in the sport gradually
decreases.
工人们想要减少工作时间而增加工资。
The workers want to decrease
the working hours and increase
pay.
2. n.
[C]
decreasing, reduction
减少
这个地区进口不断减少。There has been
a steady decrease in imports
in this region.
11. inevitable a.
(L.72)
1. certain to
happen and impossible to avoid;
unavoidable 必然的；不可避免的
看来这一地区的环境进一步恶化是在所难免的。
A further deterioration of
environment seems inevitable in
this region.
争论是免不了的，因为他们彼此讨厌对方。
An argument was inevitable
because they dislike each
other.
2. invariably occurring or
appearing; predictable 经常有规律地发生或出现的；可预见的
清楚了解可预见的季节变化会有助于我们的旅行计划。
An awareness of the inevitable
changes of the seasons may
help us with our travel
plan.
12. in effect
(L.80)
in essence; in fact
实际上
事实上，部长的权利使他能够取缔一些项目。
The minister’s powers allow him,
in effect, to ban some
programmes.
证词实际上与她先前的话相反。In effect,
the testimony contradicted her
earlier statement.
13. evaluate v.
(L. 81) find
out or form an idea of
the amount or value of;
assess
评价；估计
对他一无所知，我无法评价他的能力。
Knowing nothing about him, I
can’t evaluate his
ability.
这项研究将有助于评价近来变化的巨大影响。
The study will assist in
evaluating the impact of recent
changes.
14. It seems likely that
the extra comforts we now
enjoy have increased our
happiness somewhat, but that
deteriorating relationships have made
us less happy.
(L.88-91)
解释：While our higher
standard of living has probably
been a source of some
extra happiness, this has been
offset by the worsening of
our relationships brought about
by the single-minded pursuit of
wealth.
我们当前享受的充分的舒适和安逸，看来有可能使我们的生活幸福一些，可是人与人之间关系的恶化又有可能降低了我们的幸福程度。
句中It seems likely
that…等于It
seems probable that…。句中的we now
enjoy是定语从句，省略了关系代词
that 。
15. …is central to
sth.（L.13）
…是某事的核心
Debating is central to the
meeting. 辩论是这次会议的核心内容。
His preoccupation with history is
central to his work. 对历史的专注是他的工作首要之处。
II. Useful Words and Expressions
（Text
B）
1. wear out (L. 9)
穿破； 用坏
她开始散步后，鞋子破得很快。Her shoes
wear out quickly when she
goes walking.
毛巾反复使用，直到用坏为止。The towel
was used again and again
until it wore out.
2. temporary a.
(L. 19) 暂时的；
临时的
在找到满意的工作前，他做临时工作。
He did a temporary job
before he could find a
satisfactory one.
他虽符合这个IT公司临时主席的职位要求，但为了能有更多的时间和家人共享天伦，他还是决定不申请。
Although he was qulified for
the post of Temporary
Chairperson of the IT company,
he decided not to apply
so that he could spend
more time with his family.
3. spiritual a.
(L.29)
精神的；精神上的
剧院是她精神上的归宿。 The theatre
is her spiritual
home.
我们需要物质上的幸福和精神上的幸福。We need
both material and spiritual
happiness.
4. other than (L. 44)
除了…以外
除了一个小妹妹外，她没有其它近亲属了。
Other than one little sister,
she has no close
relatives.
除了游泳之外，你别无他法到达那里。You can’t
get there other than
swimming.
5. cultivate vt.
(L.50) 培养；发展
他培养了对艺术的爱好。He cultivated a
love of art.
主动与同学发展良好的关系会对你有好处的。
It helps if you go out
of your way to cultivate
a good relationship with your
classmates.
6. take pains (L.68)
尽力；费心
玛丽尽力写好报告并按时上交。Mary took
pains with her report and
handed it in on
time.
他煞费苦心确保每个人都吃好。He took
pains to see that everyone
ate well.
7. purchase vt.
(L.80) 购买
他买了一辆这些年来梦寐以求的车。He purchased
a car he had dreamed for
years.
吉尔先生在当地的拍卖会上见到了这一手稿，并花两千美元买了下来。
Mr. Gill spotted the manuscript
at a local auction and
purchased it for $2,000.
8. inform vt.
(L. 50) 通知；告知信息
他给她写了信，把情形告诉她。He wrote to
her, informing her of the
situation.
护士告诉我们探视时间已经结束。The nurse
informed me that visiting hours
were over.
III．Keys
to the Exercises
Enhance Your Language
Awareness
WORDS IN ACTION
Working with Words and
Expressions
1. 1) inform 2) evaluate
3) attractive 4) depression 5)
leisure 6) Collective
7) decreased 8) spiritual 9)
religious 10) temporary 11)
scales 12) cultivate
13) suggests 14) purchase 15)
inevitabe 16) enable 17)
reinforced
18) comparison 19) occupations
20) destructive
2. 1) work out 2) have
a clear conscience 3) other
than 4) fact of
life
5) as a whole 6) relative
to 7) point of view 8)
in terms of 9) in
part
10) took pains 11) in
effect 12) serve as 13)
Leave…with
14) wore out 15) better
off 16) has a great deal
to do with 17)
from…derives
Increasing Your Word Power
1. 1) 反攻，反击
2）反要求；反诉
3）对策；对付措施
4）对应的人/物，对手5）产生相反效果的
6）抗癌的
7）防冻剂
8）防污染的 9）反对吸烟的 10）不合群的；反社会的
2. 1) decrease 2) ranking
3) concept 4) suggest 5)
central, key
6) way, pattern 7) aim,
goal, end 8) buy 9) seek
10) norm, criterion
11) position 12) total, amount
13) short-term 14) honest 15)
sort 16) inevitale
3. 1) total 2) current 3)
ideal 4) relatives 5)
alternative
6) objective 7) individual 8)
maximum
GRAMMAR REVIEW
1. 1) was the law 2)
could he free himself from
feelings of guilt
3) will he now 4) have
I faced so difficult a
choice
5) are visitors allowed to
feed the animals in the
zoo
6) had we started lunch
when the doorbell rang
7) she told me did I
realize the mistake I had
made
8) can you buy shoes like
that 9) did he
protest
10) I known what was going
to happen
2. 1) Your picture /
painting is far /
much more beautiful.
2) If only I could do
half as well as
you (have done)!
3) The publishing house has
produced twice as
many books as it
did last year.
4) We had to do
more work for
less money.
5) While people are
richer in material
wealth, their spiritual life
is poorer.
CLOZE
1) whole 2) However 3)
part 4) In effect 5)
derived 6) purchased
7) better off 8) take
pains 9) necessarily 10) to
do 12) relative
13) inevitable 14) serve 15)
seek
TRANSLATION
1）千百年来哲学家们费尽心机从各自的角度阐述何为幸福。（take
pains; point of view）
For thousands of years
philosophers have taken pains to
illustrate / explain / interpret
the meaning of happiness from
their own points of
view.
2）刚上大学时，突然发现自己得处理所有日常事务，直到那时自己才觉得在父母身边生活真是幸福。（leave…with…）
When I first came to
college, I suddenly found myself
left with everything to deal
with by myself. It was
not until then that I
realized that living with my
parents was truly a happy
experience.
3）你不要总是和别人攀比，否则你可能会陷于忧郁之中，因为毕竟有许多人比你强。（comparison; depression）
You shouldn’t always make
comparison with others; otherwise,
you may be trapped in /
fall into depression, for there
are always many others who
are better than you.
4）今天人们生活比以前富裕多了，闲暇时间也多了，奇怪的是人们反而觉得生活乏味了。（better off; leisure）
Today people are much better
off and enjoy more leisure.
Strangely enough, they find life
boring / dull.
5）事实上，人生是漫长而缺少兴奋的。如果期待每天都如戏剧般精彩必定会遭遇失望。（in effect; inevitable）
Life, in effect, is long
but short of excitement. You
are sure to suffer from
inevitable disappointment if you
expect everyday to be as
exciting as a drama.
6）过于顺利的生活可能具有破坏性，因为人们没有机会学会怎样应对挫折。这能部分解释年轻人居高不下的自杀率。（destructive,
in part）
A life that is too easy
/ smooth may also be
destructive because it offers no
opportunity for one to learn
how to deal with / handle
failures /frustrations / setbacks.
That / This in part
explains / accounts for the
high rates of suicide among
young people.
段落翻译（Paragraph
Translation）
Happiness must have much to
do with money. After all,
a hard life will wear out
one’s sense of joy. However,
happiness doesn’t derive from
money alone. Today’s society as
a whole has seen dramatic
improvement in the standard of
living, and the majority of
people are decently fed and
clothed. However, are people
happier today? In fact, when
the mass media and commercial
advertisement are still reinforcing
the notion that to be
happy is to possess more,
people find themselves longing
more earnestly than ever for
a happy and healthy spiritual
life: being loved, respected,
feeling safe and proud of
realizing their self-value. As a
wise man one pointed out,
happiness lies in the positive
attitude one holds toward life
other than how much money
one earns. Those millionaires
who view life as boring
and empty serve as good
negative examples.
IV. Writing
1. Writing Skill
How to Write an Invitation
Letter
Invitation letters can be divided
into two categories as formal
and informal ones. Whether to
use formal or informal
invitation depends on the
specific event and the intimacy
between the inviter and the
invitee. An invitation letter
should be brief and
passionate.
After receiving an invitation,
the person invited should give
a clear reply whether the
invitation is accepted or
not.
An invitation letter
includes:
1) the warm invitation
2) the event
3) the expectation that the
invitee will come
A reply to it includes:
thanks + come or
not + reasons
Useful sentences for an
invitation:
1) We have pleasure in
inviting you to our dinner
party.
2) I am happy to invite
you to visit our
college.
3) We sincerely hope that
you can attend.
4) It would be an honor
to me if you would accept
our invitation.
5) We would appreciate it
if you could confirm your
participation at your earliest
convenience.
Useful sentences for acceptance
or delination:
1) Thank you very much for
your kind invitation.
2) Many thanks for inviting
us to dinner on 6th
February.
3) I’m afraid that I can’t
attend the party because I
have to … .
4) We are so sorry that
we cannot accept your kind
invitation because … .
2. Writing Practice
Directions: The Spring
Festival is around the corner.
You intend to invite your
foreign friend to come to
China and spend the traditional
Chinese Festival with you. Write
a letter to him/her.
Sample
Dear Jean，
I have pleasure in inviting
you to China. Since the
Spring Festival is around the
corner，I
sincerely invite you to come
to China and spend the
holiday with me.
Spring Festival is of vital
significance to Chinese people.
It has a long history and
Chinese people attach much
importance to the holiday. The
Spring Festival to Chinese is
what Christmas to the
Westerners.
If you come，I am going to accompany
you to fairgrounds，where you can
have a close look at some
of the Chinese traditions and
a deep insight into Chinese
culture. I would appreciate it
if you could confirm your
visit at your earliest
convenience.
Best wishes!
Sincerely Yours
Wang Li
