名词与它的修饰语一起即构成名词短语。我们先来看几个简单句子: (1). These red roses are for you (2). I
have three close friends (3). I
really need a new computer (4). I
can’t find the best answer
2.2.1介词短语在名词短语中作后置定语 (1). the road to London去伦敦的路 (2). A day without you is like a day
without sunshine有你的日子就像生活中没有阳光。 (3). shameful crime against
humanity对人类犯下了可耻的罪行 (1) As
a result of the growing research evidence of the importance of the
first three years of a child's life and the disappointing results
from 'Headstart', a pilot programmer was launched in Missouri in
the US that focused on parents as the child's first
teachers.[Cambridge
Ielts5_Test 3_Passage 1] 【译文】越来越多的研究结果证实儿童前三年在其一生中的重要性,“领先”活动的结果也不尽如人意,这些都促使美国密苏里市开始启动一项实验性活动,专注于使家长担当孩子最初教师的角色。 2.2.2分词短语在名词短语中作后置定语 (1). that short fat man walking through the shop从商店穿过的那个矮胖子 (2). the six Cuban nationals held in custody by rebel
soldiers 被反叛军扣押的六名古巴人 (3). The effort required to lift these weights is
considerable 需要费很大的努力才能举起这些重物。 (2) Visitors can watch a short film made up of old newsreels
and cinema material which clearly reveals the political mood of the
day towards the suffragettes. [CambridgeIelts3_Test 4_Passage
2] 【译文】参观者可以观看一部由过去的新闻片和电影素材编辑成的电影短片,这个短片清楚地反映了当时女权运动所处的政治氛围。 2.2.3不定式(短语)在名词短语中作后置定语 作后置定语的不定式与被修饰的名词可以有各种逻辑语义关系,比如主谓关系、动宾关系、同位关系等,在英译汉时应特别注意。 2.2.3.1主谓关系 所谓主谓关系,就是指被修饰的名词在逻辑意义上充当不定式的主语。请看例句: (1). The man to help you is Mr. Johnson. 能够帮你的人就是约翰逊先生。 (2). Have you got a key to unlock this door?你有能够打开这个门的钥匙吗? 2.2.3.2动宾关系 所谓动宾关系,就是指被修饰的名词在逻辑意义上充当不定式的宾语。请看例句: (1). They say a person needs just
three things to be truly happy in this world—someone to
love,something to do and something to hope for.人们常说,一个人有了三样东西,他就会真正感到幸福:有人爱,有事做,有希望。 (2). We had a long journey to make
before nightfall.在天黑前,我们有很长的路要赶。