3月13日语法：被动语态（一）
2011-03-15 17:34阅读：
英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态
什么是主动语态和被动语态？
先来看一下下面的句子，判断一下哪些是主动语态，哪些是被动语态
1.
The river is polluted.
这条河流被污染了。
2.
“Hamlet” was written by Shakspare.
《哈姆雷特》是莎士比亚写的。
3.
Paper is made from wood.
纸张是由木材制成的。
4.
My friend gave me an English casset on my birthday.
我生日那天朋友送我一张英语磁带。
5.
My bike was stolen yesterday.
我的自行车昨天被偷了。
6.
I am doing my homework now.
我现在正在写作业。
7.
English is spoken all over the
world. 英语在世界上普遍使用。
8.
We cleaned the classroom yeaserday
afternoon. 我们昨天下午打扫教室了。
怎么样，同学们能找出来了，只有三个主动语态哦！
（一）
什么是语态，主动语态与被动语态
语态(voice)是个语法范畴,它是一种动词形式。
表示句子的主语与该动词所表示的动作之间的主动和被动关系.
1.
当主语是动作的执行者时,动词用主动语态(Active Voice);
Eg. We cleaned the classroom
yesterday.
昨天我们打扫了教室.
2.
如果主语是动作的承受者,动词便用被动语态(Passive Voice).
The classroom was cleaned by us yesterday.
昨天教室被我们打扫了.
（二）
被动语态的结构
主语（动作的承受者）+ be
+ done + (by
+ 动作的执行者)
1.
一般现在时的被动语态
主语（动作的承受者）+
am/is/are + done
Eg. (1) I am always praised by
my teacher in class. 我在班上经常被老师表扬。
(2) She is given a prize. 她被赠与一个奖品。
(3) All the trees are cut. 所有的树都被砍了。
(4) Passengers are not allowed on the upper deck.
乘客不许在上层甲板上逗留。
(5) Desk is made of wood. 课桌是由木头制成的。
2.
一般过去时的被动语态
主语（动作的承受者）+
was/were +done
Eg. (1) The door was painted
green yesterday. 昨天门被刷成绿色的了。
(2) A lot of cars were stolen last night.
昨天晚上很大车被偷了。
下次将给大家介绍其它时态的被动语态。
练习：
1.
Change the following Active voice into Passive
voice.把下面的主动语态变成被动语态
(1) Jack broke the glass just now.
________________________________
(2) We use electricity to run the machine.
______________________________________
(3) My aunt made a new dress for me.
_______________________________________.
(4) I gave some carnations to my mother on Mother’s Day.
_________________________.
2. Choose
the correct answer.
(1)
Windows_____ of glass.
A. be made B. is made
C. are made D. been made
(2). The house_____ in 2004.
A. is built B. is building
C. was built D. used
(3). A coat can_____ for keeping warm.
A. be used B. is used
C. been used D. used
(4). This desk is made _____ wood.
A. of B. from C. in D. by
(5). The things on show were ____ the old days.
A. used B. used to C. used for D. used in
(6). Silk _____ in Suzhou and Hangzhou.
A. is produced B. are produced
C. produced D. is produces
注： be made of
和 be made from 的区别
Paper is made from wood.
纸张是由木材制成的。（看不出原材料的用be made from）
Desks are made of wood.
课桌是由木材制成的。 （能看出原材料的用be made of）
(三) 什么情况下使用被动语态
1.
不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要
Paper is made from wood.
He was wounded in the fight.
2.
需要强调动作的承受者时
Books and newspapers in the reading room mustn't be taken
away.
He was awarded first prize in that contest.
3为了使语气婉转,避免提及自己或对方而使用被动语态,
或由于修饰的需要,使用被动语态,使句子得以更好的安排.
The construction of the new lab must be completed by the end of
next month.
Electricity is used to run machines.
练习：
分析下列被动语态的句子分别是在什么情况下使用被动语态的：
（1） My bike was stolen last night.
昨晚我的自行车被偷了.
（2） Letters are collected at eight every morning.
信件每天早晨八点收取.
（3） The bag was taken away by his sister.
那个口袋是她姐姐提走的.
（4） The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately
recognized by people.
那个名人一上车就立刻被大家认出来了.
（5）I have a new skirt. It was given to me as a birthday
present by my aunt.
我有条新裙子.它是我阿姨送给我作为生日礼物的.
