Social Cognition （社会认知心理学） 1-1
2011-07-14 22:34阅读：
Psychology: Social
Cognition
前一个日志intro to psy
我在网上看到了一个超级牛人叫陈州老树的人的笔记，特别详细，以后看他的那个就可以了，有时间给转载过来哈~~
在MEET看的过程中自己打出来了部分东西，打出来了记忆就会更加深刻一点。讲的好多啊，累屎了。。
第一课基本讲的是这节课怎么上，最后考试什么的，很多种作业，跟咱们基本没什么关系哈。
Book: 1. Social cognition from
brain to culture
by Susan Fiske at Princeton and Shelly
Taylor at UCLA
2. Social Mindscapes by
Eviatar Zerubavel (he characterizes as an introduction to Cognitive
Sociology)
3. The Curious Incident of the Dog in the
Night-time by Mark Haddon
It’s a slander
mystery that is extensively written from the point of view if an
artistic child.A child who doesn’t have any social cognition
capacities extensively. That’s one theory of Autism as we will
discuss later.
这本书以一个自闭症儿童的视角，讲述了一个神秘的故事。这个孩子没有任何社会认知能力。这是孤独症的一个理论，我们以后会讲到。
What I want you to do is to use this novel
as a vehicle for thinking about what social cognition buys you and
what it doesn’t buy you in terms of social relationships. One
of the ways which we find out what the function of something is to
look at what happens when it’s not there, a
教授想让你们通过这本书作为一个媒介，思考社会认知在社会关系方面给你带来了什么，没有给你带来什么。要发现某个事物的用处方法之一就是找出如果那个事物不存在会怎么样。
期中考试 期末考试
都是简答题，非常简单，考概念
小组讨论
小论文 分享想法
要求九次发帖提问，批判性思考
This is a cognitive science
course, but it’s basically a psychology course as well, psychology
is part if cognitive science. And what psychology is all about is
mental life, psychology is a science that tries to understand how
your mind works, tries to understand the nature of mental structure
and processes, which come in three basic forms, cognitive structure
and processes having to do with knowledge and belief; Emotional
structures and processes that have to do with feelings and effects
and moods; and motivational structures and processes that have to
do with individuals, desires, and goals and
intentions.
教授介绍了心理学主要是研究人类心理结构和活动的。分为，认知，情感和动机三类。
psychology is sometimes sorted
out as a behavioral science, because in one sense, the goal of
psychology is not just to figure out how the mind works, bu also to
explain behavior; but the psychological analysis of behavior has a
particular quality to it, which is that a psychological analysis of
behavior always refers to the mind of the individual.
行为科学 主要是要解释行为
心理学的行为研究总是关注人的心理
Psychologists always explain
behavior in terms of the individual’s mental structures and
processes. That’s a level of analysis that’s quite different from
the way a biologist would explain behavior. Biologist would explain
behavior in terms of synaptic transmission and muscles and flow of
endocrines from the blood stream and genes and all sorts of things
like that.
心理学家总是从个人的心理结构和过程出发来解释他的行为。这和生物学家揭示行为的角度截然不同。生物学家通过神经突触传导肌肉血流与内分泌流\以及基因等等角度来解释性行为。
It’s quite different from the
way a sociologist or anthropologist would explain behavior. S and A
would explain with reference to social structures and social
processes: “he did this because he is of lower class”.
Psychological explanations of behavior always refer to the
individual’s mind, the individual’s cognition, emotion and
motivation.
教授列举心理学家解释问题与生物学家、人类学家等的不同。心理学家总是关注个人的精神状态、个人的认知情绪和动机。
Cognitive psychology is a major
subfield within psychology and deal primarily with questions about
knowledge and belief.Where dies the knowledge come from? What kind
of beliefs do we have? How are our beliefs
structured? And all of that.
认知心理学是心理学的主要分支之一主要研究关于知识和信仰的问题。并举了一些例子
If you look through the table
of contents of a basic cognitive psychology textbook you will see
chapters that look like these. Typically, cognitive psychology
begins with problems of sensation and perception, because the whole
idea behind psychology historically is that a great deal of our
knowledge is acquired through experience. So you wanna know
something about the cognitive structures that allow us to have
experiences of the objects and events in the world.
认知心理学主要的知识是由经验获得的。
Cognitive psychology also
includes references, discussion of learning--- how we acquire
knowledge through experience; memory--- how knowledge stored and
represented in the mind. thinking--- a broad term : that refers to
all sorts of ways we use knowledge: reasoning, problem-solving,
judgment, decision-making, not only using knowledge but also
transforming knowledge and generating knowledge through the same
kinds of thought processes.
认知心理学包括：学习即如何从经验中获取知识，记忆即知识如何在脑海中存储和重现，思维，这是个宽泛的术语，指的是使用知识的各种方式。包括思考、解决问题、判断、决策，不仅是使用知识。还有通过相同的思考过程来转换知识以及产生知识。
Language is part of the domain
of cognitive psychology. First, because we use language as a tool
for thought, we use language as a means of representing knowledge,
but also we use language as a vehicle for communicating what we
know to other people.
In social cognition, one of the
primary ways in which we have of knowing one another person is
thinking, feeling and wanting.
教授说语言是认知心理学的主要部分。人们的想法感觉和需要是要靠说表达出来的。这不是我们唯一的方式，但是一种方式。
Social cognition just like
every any other aspect of cognition, develops. There is an idea
that children in some ways may think differently than adults do;
order adults may have the cognitive abilities or lack cognitive
abilities that younger adults do. So we have the development
trajectory to cognition that has to be thought about.
Individual differences in
cognition, like individual differences in intelligence are also
part of cognitive psychology.
Finally, because psychology is
both a social science interested in problems of knowledge and
meaning it’s also a biological science interested in the biological
substrates of mind and behavior.
Social psychology has many of
the same kinds of properties, but if psychology is the science of
mental life, ok?And if cognitive psy focuses
on one aspect of mental life., problems of knowledge and belief,
social psychology tries to connect the individual level pf analysis
to the social world outside the individual. Social psychology is
primarily concerned with the relationship between mental structures
and processes that reside in the mind. of the individual and
structures and processes that exist in the social world outside the
individual.
就是我们的想法、感受和目标如何被我们身边的人、我们的风俗习惯、或者其他类型的社会结构所影响成型。
Social psychology and cognitive
psychology come together with the problem of social
cognition.
社会心理学和认知心理学结合到了一起就引起了社会认知问题。
We are bringing those two major
subfields of psychology together.
这个可主要就是把这两个子领域结合在一起。这就是关于社会认知的两个我们项重点谈到的两个方面。
Next week:
the general idea that social
behavior is cognitively meditated, that our interactions with other
people are meditated. by our knowledge and beliefs about the social
domain: How we perceive other people? What we remember from
pervious encounters with them? That’s what social cognition is all
about.
社会行为被认知影响,
我们与他人的交往被我们关于社会领域的知识和信仰影响。我们如何理解他人？我们对他们之前的印象如何？这就是社会认知所研究的内容。
