《统一商法典》中英对照（2）
2010-11-09 21:01阅读：
PART 2. GENERAL DEFINITIONS AND
PRINCIPLES OF INTERPRETATION 第二章：一般定义和解释原则
§ 1-201. General
Definitions.
第1-201：一般定义
（a） Unless the context otherwise requires, words or
phrases defined in this section, or in the additional definitions
contained in other articles of [the Uniform Commercial Code] that
apply to particular articles or parts thereof, have the meanings
stated.
（a）除上下文另有要求外，本条定义的或本法其他各篇所载适用于本法特定篇章的其他定义所定义的词语或短语的含义为所述的含义。
（b） Subject to definitions contained in other
articles of [the Uniform Commercial Code] that apply to particular
articles or parts thereof:
（b）在不违反本法其他各篇所载适用于其特定篇章的定义的情况下：
（1
） 'Action', in the sense of a judicial
proceeding, includes recoupment, counterclaim, set-off, suit in
equity, and any other proceeding in which rights are
determined.
（1）“诉讼”就司法程序而言，包括追偿、反诉、债务抵销、衡平诉讼以及其他任何裁定权利的诉讼程序。
（2） 'Aggrieved party' means a party entitled to
pursue a remedy.
（2）“受损方”指有权获得救济的当事方。
（3） 'Agreement', as distinguished from 'contract',
means the bargain of the parties in fact, as found in their
language or inferred from other circumstances, including course of
performance, course of dealing, or usage of trade as provided in
Section 1-303.
（3）“协议”不同于“合同”，指当事方事实上达成的合意。此种合意可以存在于当事方使用的语言中，也可以根据其他情况推定，包括第1-303条规定的履约过程、交易过程或行业惯例。
（4） 'Bank' means a person engaged in the business of
banking and includes a savings bank, savings and loan association,
credit union, and trust company.
（4）“银行”指任何从事银行业务的人，包括储蓄银行、储蓄和贷款协会、信贷联盟和信托公司。
（5） 'Bearer' means a person in possession of a
negotiable instrument, document of title, or certificated security
that is payable to bearer or indorsed in blank.
（5）“持票人”指占有凭票付款或空白背书的流通票据、所有权凭证或实物证券的人。
（6） 'Bill of lading' means a document evidencing the
receipt of goods for shipment issued by a person engaged in the
business of transporting or forwarding goods.
（6）“提单”指由从事货物运输或运送业务的人开出的、证明收到待运货物的单据。
（7） 'Branch' includes a separately incorporated
foreign branch of a bank.
（7）“分行”包括银行在外国独立注册成立的分行。
（8） 'Burden of establishing' a fact means the burden
of persuading the trier of fact that the existence of the fact is
more probable than its nonexistence.
（8）对某项事实承担“举证责任”，指承担说服该事实之审判人，使其相信该事实存在之可能性大于其不存在之可能性的责任。
（9） 'Buyer in ordinary course of business' means a
person that buys goods in good faith, without knowledge that the
sale violates the rights of another person in the goods, and in the
ordinary course from a person, other than a pawnbroker, in the
business of selling goods of that kind. A person buys goods in the
ordinary course if the sale to the person comports with the usual
or customary practices in the kind of business in which the seller
is engaged or with the seller's own usual or customary practices. A
person that sells oil, gas, or other minerals at the wellhead or
minehead is a person in the business of selling goods of that kind.
A buyer in ordinary course of business may buy for cash, by
exchange of other property, or on secured or unsecured credit, and
may acquire goods or documents of title under a preexisting
contract for sale. Only a buyer that takes possession of the goods
or has a right to recover the goods from the seller under Article 2
may be a buyer in ordinary course of business. 'Buyer in ordinary
course of business' does not include a person that acquires goods
in a transfer in bulk or as security for or in total or partial
satisfaction of a money debt.
（9）“正常业务过程中的买方”指在不了解所进行的销售侵犯另一方对货物享有的权利情况下，善意地通过正常过程向从事该种货物销售的卖方购买货物的人。此处的卖方不包括典当商。如果向某人销售符合卖方所从事的该类业务的惯例或者符合卖方自己的惯例，则该人属于通过正常过程购买货物。在井源或矿源销售包括石油、燃气和其他矿物的人应视为从事该种货物销售的人。正常业务过程中的买方可以利用现金购买，也可以通过其他财产交换或者利用有担保或无担保的信用进行赊买，也可以根据先前的销售合同取得货物或所有权凭证。只有占有货物或者有权根据第二篇向卖方追讨货物的买方才是正常业务过程中的买方。“正常业务过程中的买方”不包括通过大宗转让、或者为金钱债务提供担保或者为全部或部分清偿金钱债务而取得货物的人。
（10） 'Conspicuous', with reference to a term, means so
written, displayed, or presented that a reasonable person against
which it is to operate ought to have noticed it. Whether a term is
'conspicuous' or not is a decision for the court. Conspicuous terms
include the following: （A） a heading
in capitals equal to or greater in size than the surrounding text,
or in contrasting type, font, or color to the surrounding text of
the same or lesser size; and （B） language
in the body of a record or display in larger type than the
surrounding text, or in contrasting type, font, or color to the
surrounding text of the same size, or set off from surrounding text
of the same size by symbols or other marks that call attention to
the language.
（10）“醒目”对于某些条款而言，指其书写、展示或呈现方式能够使作为该条款实施对象的正常人应该能够注意到该条款。某项条款是否醒目由法院裁决。醒目条款具备以下条件：（1）大写标题的尺寸等于或大于周围文本，或者字型、字体或颜色与同样大或较小的周围文本截然不同；以及（2）记录或展示内容正文文字的尺寸大于周围文本，或者其字型、字体或颜色与相同大小的周围文本截然不同，或者利用能够使人注意到该等文字的符号或其他标志予以衬托，使其区别于相同尺寸的周围文本。
（11） 'Consumer' means an individual who enters into a
transaction primarily for personal, family, or household
purposes.
（11）“消费者”指主要为了个人、家人或家庭目的而进行交易的个人。
（12） 'Contract', as distinguished from 'agreement',
means the total legal obligation that results from the parties'
agreement as determined by [the Uniform Commercial Code] as
supplemented by any other applicable laws.
（12）“合同”不同于“协议”，“合同”指当事人根据本法以及其他任何适用法律的补充而达成的协议所产生的全部法律义务。
（13） 'Creditor' includes a general creditor, a secured
creditor, a lien creditor, and any representative of creditors,
including an assignee for the benefit of creditors, a trustee in
bankruptcy, a receiver in equity, and an executor or administrator
of an insolvent debtor's or assignor's estate.
（13）“债权人”包括普通债权人、有担保债权人、留置债权人以及债权人的任何代表。此种代表包括代表债权人利益的受让人、破产受托人、衡平法中的清算人（receiver
in equity），以及破产债务人或出让人财产的执行人或管理人。
（14） 'Defendant' includes a person in the position of
defendant in a counterclaim, cross-claim, or third-party
claim.
（14）“被告”包括反诉、反请求或第三方请求中处于被告地位的人。
（15） 'Delivery', with respect to an instrument,
document of title, or chattel paper, means voluntary transfer of
possession.
（15）涉及票据、所有权凭证或动产契据时，“交付”指自愿转移占有。
（16） 'Document of title' includes bill of lading, dock
warrant, dock receipt, warehouse receipt or order for the delivery
of goods, and also any other document which in the regular course
of business or financing is treated as adequately evidencing that
the person in possession of it is entitled to receive, hold, and
dispose of the document and the goods it covers. To be a document
of title, a document must purport to be issued by or addressed to a
bailee and purport to cover goods in the bailee's possession which
are either identified or are fungible portions of an identified
mass.
（16）“所有权凭证”包括提单、码头栈单、码头收据、仓单或书面交货指示，也包括任何在正常商业或融资过程中足以证明凭证占有人有权接收、持有或处置凭证或其所代表之货物的其他任何凭证。一项凭证要成为所有权凭证，必须表明凭证系由货物保管人开出或系开给货物保管人，并表明凭证代表由货物保管人占有的货物。此种货物是特定的，或者是特定的一批货物中的可替代部分。
（17） 'Fault' means a default, breach, or wrongful act
or omission.
（17）“过错”指不履行义务的行为、违约行为或者错误的作为或不作为。
（18） 'Fungible goods' means: （A） goods of
which any unit, by nature or usage of trade, is the equivalent of
any other like unit; or （B） goods that
by agreement are treated as equivalent.
（18）“可替代货物”指：（1）根据行业性质或惯例，其任何组成部分等效于其他任何类似组成部分的货物；或者（2）根据协议视作等效的其他货物。
（19） 'Genuine' means free of forgery or
counterfeiting.
（19）“真实”指不存在假冒或伪造。
（20） 'Good faith,' except as otherwise provided in
Article 5, means honesty in fact and the observance of reasonable
commercial standards of fair dealing.
（20）除第五篇另有规定外，“善意”指在事实方面以及遵守公平交易合理商业准则方面的诚信。
（21） 'Holder' means: （A） the person
in possession of a negotiable instrument that is payable either to
bearer or to an identified person that is the person in possession;
or （B） the person in possession of a document of title
if the goods are deliverable either to bearer or to the order of
the
