小学英语六年级情态动词用法归纳
2010-11-19 19:27阅读：
小学英语六年级情态动词用法归纳
情态动词有can (could), may (might), must, have to, shall (should, will
(would), dare (dared), need (needed), ought to等。
情态动词无人称和数的变化；不能单独使用，必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语
一、 can, could
1) 表示能力（体力、知识、技能）。
Can you lift this heavy box?（体力）
Mary can speak three languages.（知识）
Can you skate?（技能）
此时可用be able to代替。Can只有一般现在时和一般过去式；而be able to则有更多的时态。
I’ll not be able to come this afternoon.
当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用be able to，不能用Can。如：
He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the
heavy rain.
2) 表示请求和允许。
-----Can I go now?
----- Yes, you can. / No, you can’t.
此时可与may互换。在疑问句中还可用could,
might代替，不是过去式，只是语气更委婉，不能用于肯定句和答语中。
---- Could I come to see you tomorrow?
---- Yes, you can. ( No, I’m afraid not. )
3) 表示客观可能性（客观原因形成的能力）。
They’ve changed the timetable, so we can go by bus instead.
This hall can hold 500 people at least.
4) 表示推测（惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度
），用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。
Can this be true?
This can’t be done by him.
How can this be true?
二、 may, might
1) 表示请求和允许。might比 may语气更委婉，而不是过去式。否定回答时可用can’t
或mustn’t，表示“不可以，禁止”。
----Might/ May I smoke in this room?
---- No, you mustn’t.
---- May/Might I take this book out of the room?
---- Yes, you can. (No, you can’t / mustn’t. )
用May I...？征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气，而用Can I...？在口语中更常见。
2）用于祈使句，表示祝愿。
May you succeed!
3) 表示推测、可能性（不用于疑问句）。
might不是过去式，它所表示的可能性比may小。
1．He may /might be very busy now.
2．Your mother may /might not know the truth.
三、 must, have to
1) 表示必须、必要。
You must come in time.
在回答引出的问句时，如果是否定的，不能用mustn’t（禁止，不准），而用needn’t, don’t have to（不必）.
---- Must we hand in our exercise books today?
---- Yes, you must.
---- No, you don’t have to / you needn’t.
2) must是说话人的主观看法， 而have to则强调客观需要。Must只有一般现在时， have to 有更多的时态形式。
1． he play isn’t interesting, I really must go now.
2． I had to work when I was your age.
3) 表示推测、可能性（只用于肯定的陈述句）
1． You’re Tom’s good friend, so you must know what he likes best.
2． Your mother must be waiting for you now.
四、 dare, need
1) dare作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中, 过去式形式为dared。
1． How dare you say I’m unfair?
2． He daren’t speak English before such a crowd, dare he?
3． If we dared not go there that day， we couldn’t get the beautiful
flowers.
2) need 作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to,
should代替。
1．You needn’t come so early.
2. ---- Need I finish the work today?
---- Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t.
3) dare和 need作实义动词用时，
有人称、时态和数的变化。在肯定句中，dare后面常接带to的不定式。在疑问句和否定句中，dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。而need后面只能接带to的不定式。
1. I dare to swim across this river.
2. He doesn’t dare (to) answer.
3. He needs to finish his homework today.
五、 shall, should
1) shall 用于第一人称，征求对方的意见。
What shall we do this evening?
2) shall 用于第二、三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。
1. You shall fail if you don’t work hard.(警告)
2. He shall have the book when I finish it.(允诺)
3. He shall be punished.(威胁)
六、 will, would
1) 表示请求、建议等，would更委婉。
Will / Would you pass me the ball, please?
2) 表示意志、愿望和决心。
1. I will never do that again.
2. They asked him if he would go abroad.
3) would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。would表示过去习惯时比used to正式，且没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。
1. During the vacation, he would visit me every other day.
2. The wound would not heal.
4) 表示估计和猜想。
It would be about ten o’clock when she left home.
七、 should, ought to
1) should, ought to表示“应该”，ought to表示义务或责任，比should语气重。
1. I should help her because she is in trouble.
2. You ought to take care of the baby.
2) 表示劝告、建议和命令。should, ought to可通用，但在疑问句中常用should。
1. You should / ought to go to class right away.
2. Should I open the window?
3) 表示推测
should , ought to (客观推测), must(主观推测)。
1.He must be home by now. (断定他已到家)
2.He ought to/should be home by now.(不太肯定)
3. This is where the oil must be.(直爽)
4. This is where the oil ought to/should
be.(含蓄)
Be 动词的用法：
(1) Am--was Is --was Are--were
口诀：我用am,
你用are,
is用在他她它，复数全用are。
(2) 肯定和否定句 I am (not) from London. He
is(not) a teacher. She is(not) in the dining room. My hair is(not)
long. Her eyes are(not) small.
(3) 一般疑问句 Am I a Chinese? Yes, you are. No,
you aren’t. Are they American? Yes, they are. No, they aren’t. Is
the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isn’t.
用恰当的be动词填空。
1. I ______ a boy. ______ you a boy? No, I _____ not.
2. The girl______ Jack's sister.
3. The dog _______ tall and fat.
4. The man with big eyes _______ a teacher.
5. ______ your brother in the classroom?
6. Where _____ your mother? She ______ at home.
7. How _______ your father?
8. Mike and Liu Tao ______ at school.
9. Whose dress ______ this?
10. Whose socks ______ they?
11. That ______ my red skirt.
12. Who ______ I?
13.The jeans ______ on the desk.
14. Here ______ a scarf for you.
15. Here ______ some sweaters for you.
16. The black gloves ______ for Su Yang.
17. This pair of gloves ______ for Yang Ling.
18. The two cups of milk _____ for me.
19. Some tea ______ in the glass.
20. Gao shan's shirt _______ over there.
21. My sister's name ______Nancy.
22. This ______ not Wang Fang's pencil.
23. ______ David and Helen from England?
24. There ______ a girl in the room.
25. There ______ some apples on the tree.
26. _______ there any kites in the classroom?
27. _______ there any apple juice in the bottle?
28. There _______ some bread on the plate.
29. There _______ a boy, two girls, three men and ten women in the
park.
30. You, he and I ______ from China.
V-ing
在英语中可以看作是动名词和现在分词,它们都可以用作非谓语动词,在句中可以充当一定的句子成分。现将其可以充当的句子成分列表对照如下:
一、V-ing作动名词时具有名词的特征,因而在句中用作主语、表语、宾语、定语,有时它可以有自己的逻辑主语,也可以有时态和语态形式。如:
1. 作主语、表语
动名词作主语和表语表示泛指。如:
Tom's not having finished his homework made his teacher angry.
汤姆没有完成作业使老师很生气.(主语)
Her job is keeping the offices clean. 她的工作是保持办公室清洁。(表语)
2. 作宾语
动名词常跟在某些动词如enjoy, finish, mind, can't help(禁不住), suggest(建议),
advise, consider(考虑), practise, admit, imagine等以及含介词的短语动词insist on,
stop...from, look forward to, pay attention to等后面作宾语。如:
Do you mind my smoking here? 你介意我在这儿吸烟吗?
3. 作定语
动名词作定语时表示被修饰词的用途和作用。如:
Don't forget to take a shopping basket with you. 别忘了带上购物篮子。
二、V-ing作现在分词充当非谓语动词时,它主要在句中充当定语、表语、宾补、主补及状语。如:
1. 作定语
现在分词作定语时表示该动作正在进行。单个现在分词作定语通常放在被修饰词的前面.现在分词短语作定语则放在被修饰词之后。如:
The rising sun looks very beautiful. 冉冉升起的太阳看上去很美。
若被修饰词与现在分词是被动关系时,须用现在分词的被动式(being done)作定语。如:
The song being broadcast is very popular with the young students.
正在播放的歌曲深受青年学生的欢迎。
现在分词与动名词作定语的区别:现在分词与所修饰的名词有逻辑上的主谓关系,而动名词作定语表示作用与用途。如:
Let sleeping dogs lie. 别招惹麻烦。(现在分词。相当于定语从句 which are
sleeping)
I think some sleeping pills may help you.
我想安眠药可以助你入睡。(动名词.表示用途,相当于pills for sleeping)
2. 作表语
现在分词作表语表示主语的性质,这时通常可以看作形容词,可以用very, so或much等修饰。如:
The news that our team had been beaten by them in the match was
very surprising. 我们队在比赛中被他们打败的消息让人感到很意外。
The sound we heard last night was so frightening.
我们昨晚听到的声音令人恐怖。
现在分词作表语与现在分词用于进行时态表达的意义是不同的.作表语,说明主语具备的性质,描述的是一种状态;而与助动词be构成现在进行时态和过去进行时态则强调动作正在发生,侧重对动作的描述。试比较:
Mr. Zhang is encouraging his students to study English
thoroughly. 张老师在鼓励学生们学好英语.
The book is very interesting. 这本书很有趣。
3. 作宾语补足语
动词的现在分词作宾补表明宾语正在进行的动作。可以带现在分词作宾补的动词有find, see, hear, watch, have,
get, catch, keep, leave等。如:
When I came in, I found him lying in bed. 我进来时发现他躺在床上。
4. 作状语
现在分词作状语可以表示伴随、原因、条件、结果等。如:
All the students sat in the classroom, waiting for their new
teacher to come. 所有的学生都坐在教室里等待新老师的到来。 (伴随)
Not having received his reply, she decided to write a second
letter. (由于)没有收到他的回信,她决定再写一封。 (原因)
Seeing from the top of the hill, you can find the city more
beautiful. (如果)从小山顶上看,你会发现这座城市更美丽。(条件)
My parents went to a birthday party yesterday, leaving me alone
at home. 昨天我父母去参加一个生日舞会,留下我一个人在家。(结果)
值得注意的是,现在分词作状语时如果句中主语不是自己的逻辑主语,也可以带自己的主语,构成独立主格结构.此外,
现在分词也可以用在with的复合结构中表示其逻辑主语是分词动作的发出者。如:
Weather permitting, we will go out for a picnic tomorrow.
如果明天天气允许的话,我们将去野餐。(独立主格结构)
With a guide leading the way, we found the village easily.
由于有向导引路,我们轻易就找到了那个村庄。(含with的复合结构作状语)
实践演练:
1. -You are brave enough to raise objections at the
meeting.
-Well, now I regret _______ that.
A. to do B. to be doing C. have done D. having done
2. The secretary worked late into the night, _______ a long
speech for the president.
A. who prepars B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing
3.The visiting minister expressed his satisfaction with the
talks, _______ that he had enjoyed his stay here.
A. having added B. to add C. adding D. added
4. _______ your homework, you mustn't listen to the music.
A. When do B. When to do C. When doing D. When you doing
5. _______ the idiom, he looked it up in the dictionary.
A. Not learning
B. Never having learned
C. Having learned
D. Having been learned
6. It rained heavily, _______ severe (严重的) flooding in the
country.
A. causing B. to cause C. caused D. being caused
7. Any driver _______ a license ought to be punished.
A. doesn't have B. having no C. has not D. not having
Key: 1-4 DBCC 5-7 BAD
