[转载]选修7 Unit3 课文知识点解析
2011-04-04 13:39阅读：
Reading
1. witness: vt to see sth happen, especially a crime or
accident
eg: Police are appealing for information from anyone who witnessed
the attack.
Recent years have witnessed the rapid rise of
China’s economy.
【拓展】witness：n 目击者
One witness
to the
accident said the driver appeared to be drunk.
an eye witness
to the robbery
2. sort… out: to arrange or organize sth that is mixed up or
untidy, so that it is ready to be used
eg: She spent a whole afternoon sorting out her stamps
3. We ran down to the shore in time to see an enormous animal
opposite us throwing itself
out of the water and then
crashing down again.
opposite: prep /adv/adj
if one thing or person is opposite
another, they are facing each other:
eg:
The people who sat opposite us looked very
familiar.
Put the p
iano opposite the sofa.
During the winter there wasn't enough rain, but now we have the
opposite problem.
【拓展】
oppose: vt 反对
4. George didn’t like being kept waiting,…
当动名词的逻辑主语与动名词为被动关系时，动名词则要用被动式。如
eg:He
didn’t
mind
being
left
at
home.
把他留在家里他并不介意。
It
felt
funny
being
called
uncle.
被人叫作叔叔感到怪怪的。
This
question
is
far
from
being
settled.
这个问题远没解决。
【两点注意】
1.
在表示“需要”的动词need,
want,
require后接动名词时，习惯上要用主动式
表示被动意义(但若用不定式，则用被动式表示被动意义)。如：
The
outside
of
the
house
needs
painting
[to
be
painted]
.
这房子外面需要油漆了。
The
machine
requires
repairing
[to
be
repaired].
这机器需要修理了。
2.
在be
worth后接动名词时也要用主动式表示被动意义。如：
This
might
be
worth
thinking
about.
这可能值得考虑。
1). The bird was lucky enough that it just missed _A____.
A. being caught
B. to be caught
C.catching
D. to catch
2). I couldn’t help ___C__ by his speech.
A. moving
B. to move
C. being moved
D. to be moved
3). I am not used ___A__ to like that.
A. to being spoken
B. to speak
C. being spoken
D. to
speaking
5. Using a telescope we could see that sth was happening.
分词的状语用法是所有分词用法中最重要的,主要看与句子主语的主被动关系。
Seeing the cat, the mouse ran off.
Seen from the top, the city looks nice.
【时间状语】
Working hard, you will succeed.
【条件状语】
Being very weak, she couldn't move。
Much discouraged, she moved on to London
[原因状语]
He sat in the chair reading a newspaper.
He came in, followed by his son.
【伴随状语】
(Although) living miles away, he attended the course.
虽然住在几英里以外，他仍去上课。
Defeated, he remained a popular boxer. 虽然被击败了，他仍是一个受欢迎的拳击手。
When __C_____ different cultures, we often pay attention only to
the differences without noticing the many similarities.
(2006浙江卷)
A. compared
B. being
compared
C. comparing
D. having
compared
My cousin came to see me from the country, _B_____ me a full
basket of fresh fruits. (2006安徽卷)
A. brought
B. bringing
C. to bring
D. had
brought
(3) Whenever he was asked why he was late for class, he would
answer carelessly, always ___A___ the same thing. (2006江苏卷)
A. saying
B. said
C. to say
D. having
said
(4) We often provide our children with toys, footballs or
basketballs, __A_____ that all children like these things.
(2006全国卷)
A. thinking
B. think
C. to think
D.
thought
6. As we drew closer, I could see a whale being attacked by a pack
of about six other killers.
draw near/closer: to
become closer in time or space:
eg: Maria grew anxious as the men drew closer.
May 1(May Day) is drawing near.
7. Being badly wounded, the whale soon died.
As he was ill, he didn't go to school
==
Being ill, he didn't go to
school
Because he knew that it was going to rain, he decided not to
go out.
==
Knowing that it was going to
rain, he decided not to go out.
他因为知道要下雨，决定不外出。
Since he was inspired by his classmates, he has decided to go and
work in the grass-root
==Inspired by his classmates, he has decided to go and work in the
grass-root. 由于受到其他同学的鼓舞，他决定到基层工作 。
Because so many people were absent, we decided to put the meeting
off.
==So many people
being absent, we decided to put the meeting
off.
There being no danger, the police went back to their police
office
Winter coming, it gets colder and colder.
（句中“冬天”和“到来”是逻辑主谓关系，故用现在分词）
The rain having stopped, he went out for a walk.
Her work done, she sat down for a cup of tea.
独立主格结构主要用于描绘性文字中，其作用相当于一个状语从句，常用来表示时间、原因、条件、行为方式或伴随情况等。
[同步练习]
1. The weather ____ so bad, we had to put the game off.
A. was
B. is
C. were
D. being
2. There ____ no classes yesterday, we paid a visit to the Great
Wall.
A. was
B. being
C. were
D. had been
3. The problem ____, the meeting came to the end.
A. settled
B. was settled
C. being settled
D. setting
4. The boy lay on the ground, his eyes ____ and his hands
____.
A. being closed；trembling
B. closed；trembling
C. closed；trembled
D. closing；trembled
8. There was one day when we were out in the bay during a hunt and
James was washed off the boat.
9. urge: vt
to strongly suggest that sb does sth
urge sb to do
sth
urge
that…(should)
eg:
I got a note from Moira urging me to get in
touch.
I wrote a letter to Tom hoping to get some help.
He urged that the wounded were sent to hospital.
The news called for urgent action
to reduce lead in
petrol.
[词汇拓展]
urgent: adj very important and needing to be dealt with
immediately
eg: This work is not urgent; we can do it tomorrow
They've made an urgent request for international aid.
10. I could see he was terrified of being abandoned by us.
1) terrify: -- terrified—terrified: to make sb extremely
afraid:
eg: Speaking in public terrifies me.
The thief was terrified of being caught.
terrifying screams
2). abandon: 放弃,
抛弃
① to leave sb, especially sb you are responsible for:
eg: How could she abandon her own child?
Those who abandon themselves to despair can not succeed
那些自暴自弃的人无法成功.
② to go away from a place, vehicle etc permanently, especially
because the situation makes it impossible for you to stay [=
leave]:
eg: Fearing further attacks, most of the population had abandoned
the city.
