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多学一门外语可以延缓老年痴呆(双语阅读)

2011-02-27 20:14阅读:
To Stave Off Alzheimer's, Learn a Language?
多学一门外语可以延缓老年痴呆
Talk about the power of words—speaking at least two languages may slow dementia in the aging brain, new research shows.
最新研究显示,语言的力量——至少会说两门语言可以延缓大脑衰老过程中的痴呆。
Scientists already knew that bilingual young adults and children perform better on tasks dictated by the brain's executive control system.
科学家们早就发现,双语年轻成人和孩子们执行大脑执行控制系统下发出的任务时表现更好。
Located at the front of the brain, this system is 'the basis for your ability to think in complex ways, control attention, and do everything we think of as uniquely human thought,' said Ellen Bialystok, a psychologist at York University in Toronto, Canada.
加拿大多伦约克大学心理学家多爱伦•比亚韦斯托克说,该系统位于大脑前部,是“进行复杂思考、控制注意力并实践我们所认为的人类思想的能力的基础”。
Now studies are revealing that advantages of bilingualism persist into old age, even as the brain's sharpness naturally declines, Bialystok said Friday at a meeting of the American Ass
ociation for the Advancement of Science in Washington, D.C.
比亚韦斯托克在星期五的华盛顿美国科学促进协会一个会议上说,现在研究显示, 双语的优势持续到老年,即使届时大脑的敏捷度已经自然下降。

Bilingual Brains Delay Aging Effects
双语大脑延缓衰老产生的影响

Bialystok and colleagues examined 102 longtime bilingual and 109 monolingual Alzheimer's patients who had the same level of mental acuity. About 24 million people have dementia worldwide, with the majority of them suffering from Alzheimer's, according to Sweden's Karolinska Institutet medical university
比亚韦斯托克和同事检查了102名常用两种语言和109名仅懂一种语言的老年痴呆症(阿尔茨海默氏症)患者,他们的大脑敏锐程度相当。据瑞典卡罗林斯卡研究所的医学院校称,世界上约2400万人患有老年痴呆症,而且大多数患者正承受着老年痴呆症带来的痛苦。
The bilingual patients had been diagnosed with the Alzheimer's about four years later than the monolingual patients, on average, according to Bialystok's most recent study, published in November in the journal Neurology.
根据比亚韦斯托克的十一月发表在《神经学》上的最新研究,双语者比单语者被诊断出患有老年痴呆症平均约晚四年。
This suggests bilingualism is 'protecting older adults, even as Alzheimer's is beginning to affect cognitive function,' Bialystok said. (Take a brain quiz.)

比亚韦斯托克说,这表明用两种语言“保护老年人,即使老年痴呆症已经开始影响认知功能”。
Bialystok is also studying physical differences between bilingual and monolingual brains.
比亚韦斯托克也正在研究双语者和单语者大脑之间的肉体差异。
In a new experiment, she used CT scans to examine brains of monolinguals and bilinguals with dementia. All the subjects were the same age and functioned at the same cognitive level.
在一项新实验中,她用CT扫描检查了单语和双语痴呆症患者的大脑,而且所有受试者的年龄和认知水平都相同。
The physical effects of the disease in the brain were found to be more advanced in the bilinguals' brains, even though their mental ability was roughly the same, Bialystok told National Geographic News.
比亚韦斯托克在《国家地理新闻》上说,尽管心智能力大致相同,但是脑部疾病的身体反应在双语者大脑中表现出来得更晚。
Apparently, the bilinguals' brains are somehow compensating, she said. 'Even though the 'machine' is more broken, they can function at the same level as a monolingual with less disease,' she said.
她说,显然,双语者大脑在某种程度上得到修正。“虽然‘机器’坏得更厉害了,但仍可以像患较少疾病的单语者的大脑一样运转。”


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