简析源自《圣经》的英语习语 湖南省长沙市长郡中学毛里林 《圣经》的故事在欧美地区流传甚广,为英语贡献了大量习语。本文拟摘录部分源自《圣经》的习语,追溯习语出处的章节,翻译蕴藏习语的英文原句,并举例说明习语的用法,以飨广大读者。 一.名词词组类 1. a life for a life 出自《圣经·旧约·申命记
》第19章:The punishment
is to be a life for a
life。惩罚就是一命抵一命。出自此处的习语还有an
eye for an eye,a tooth for a tooth, a
hand for a hand和a foot for a
foot,都是“报复”的意思。例如: While I was once hurt by her, I would not let it bea life for a life.虽然她曾经伤害过我,但我不会报复她。 2.clean hands 出自《圣经•旧约•约伯记》第17章:He
that hath clean hands shall be stronger and
stronger。手洁的人将会愈益有力,表示“廉洁”。例如: My mother retired from office with clean hands.我母亲退休时两袖清风。 3. the apple of the/one’s eye
出自《圣经•旧约•诗篇》第17章:Keep
me as the apple of the
eye。保护我如同保护眼睛中的瞳孔,比喻特别珍视之物,可译成“掌上明珠”。例如: Ten to one you are the apple of your parents’ eye.十有八九,你被视为父母的掌上明珠。 4. the root of the matter 出自《圣经•旧约•约伯记》第19章:the
Root of the matter is found in
me。祸根在我(自己),意思是“问题的根本”。例如: As long as they analyze it carefully, they will be able to
reach the root of the matter.只要分析得仔细,他们就能从根本上解决问题。 5. the skin of my teeth 出自《圣经•旧约•约伯记》第19章:I
have escaped with the skin of my
teeth。我有幸牙皮逃脱,意为“幸免于难”。例如: Yesterday Daniel had a car accident, but he escaped with the
skin of his teeth。昨天丹尼尔遭遇了一场车祸,但却幸免于难。 6. a good old age 出自《圣经•旧约•创世纪》第25章:Abraham
gave up the ghost, and died in a good old age。亚伯拉罕寿年迈,自然气绝而死,意思“长命百岁”。例如: He is in good health and will live to a good old age.他身体健康,会长命百岁。 7. the salt of the earth 出自《圣经•新约•马太福音》第5章:Ye
are the salt of the
earth。你们是世上的盐,意为“社会中坚,民族精英”。例如: They used to be regarded as the salt of the earth.他们曾经被认为是民族精英。 二.动词词组类 1. lick the dust 出自《圣经•旧约•诗篇》第72章:His
enemies shall lick the
dust。他的仇敌必将舔土,意思是“被击败”。例如: Once you say “die”, you will lick the dust.你一旦放弃,你就会被击败! 2. go from strength to strength 出自《圣经•旧约•诗篇》第84章:They
will go from strength to
strength。他们越走越有力,意思是“越来越强”。例如: Since he took over the business, the company has gone from
strength to strength.自从他接管公司以来,公司就越办越强。 3. kick against the pricks 出自《圣经•新约•使徒行传》第9章:It
is hard for you to kick against the
pricks。你用脚踢刺棒是挺难的,意思是“以卵击石”。例如: We are trying to persuide him to act according to his
capability instead of kicking against the pricks.我们在尽力劝说他量力而行,而不要以卵击石。 4. fight the good fight 出自《圣经•新约•提摩太前书》第6章:Fight
the good fight of the
faith。要为信仰打那美好的仗,意为“正义之战”。例如: They claimed to be fighting the good fight.他们宣称在为正义而战。 三.介词词组类 1. as one man 出自《圣经•旧约•士师记》第20章:All
the people got them up as one
man。全体众民都团结起来如同一人,表示“全体一致”的意思。例如: The teaching staff speak as one man on this issue.全体教职员工在这个问题上意见统一。 2. at their wit’s end 出自《圣经•旧约•诗篇》第107章:They
reel to and fro, and stagger lile drunken men, and are at their
wit’s end。他们摇摇晃晃,好像醉酒的智慧无法施展,意思是“智穷计尽”。例如: He has been at his wit's end when facing such a big
challenge.面对如此重大的挑战,他变得智穷计尽。 3. in sheep’s clothing 出自《圣经•新约•马太福音》第7章:Beware
of false prophets, which come to you in sheep's
clothing。要当心假先知:他们会披着羊皮到你们这里来,表示“貌善心恶”之意。例如: The man is a wolf in sheep's
clothing;You’d better be ware of
him。此人貌善心恶;你最好提防他。 四.句子类 1. Money is the root of all evil 出自《圣经•新约•提摩太书》第6章:For
the love of money is the root of all kinds of
evil。贪财是万恶之根,意思为“万恶之源”。例如: Can you explain “Money is the root of all evil” in
English?你能用英文解释“金钱是万恶之源”吗? 2. to the pure all things are pure 出自《圣经•新约•提多书》第1章:To
the pure, all things are
pure。对于洁净的人,凡物都洁净,意思是“清者自清”。例如: To the pure,all things are pure
while to those who are corrupted,nothing
is pure.对于洁净者来说,凡物都洁净,然而对于贪腐的人而言,什么都不洁净。(根据《圣经》原句改编) 3 . if the blind lead the blind 出自《圣经•新约•马太福音》第15章:If
the blind lead the blind, both shall fall into the
ditch。假如瞎子给瞎子领路,两个人都会跌进坑里去,意思是“误人子弟”。例如: “Let Jimmy teaches children how to skate ” is equal to “if
the blind lead the blind”.让吉米教孩子们溜冰就等于“误人子弟”。 参考文献: 1. Deborah Aldred
(牛津高中英语)(模块9),凤凰出版传媒集团译林出版社,2014年 2.英语百科“圣经习语39条”
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