杭州新东方名师陈曲：考研笔记1-翻译技巧之第一步拆分
2011-02-24 12:32阅读：
翻译做题原则：
如果翻译+完型>30min，静心、用心---做翻译---尽量做完
如果翻译+完型<20min，拆分---翻译最有把握部分---抢分原则
提示：考官不是神，只要写的句子结构合理，总会有分数的，哪怕0.5分也可能让你高人一等、胜人一筹。
做题步骤：先拆分（< 1 min），再翻译（2～3
min）（高分同学写完读一遍使其通顺更佳），整个做题过程控制在15～20min。
第一部分：拆分技巧
1. 关系连词
如：since, although,
if
例1：Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky
evidence to the effect that insects would eat us
up| if
birds failed to control them. (2010.46)
例2：Now since the assessment of
intelligence is a comparative matter |
we must be sure that the scale with
which we are comparing our subjects provides a “valid” or “fair”
comparison. (1992.
33)
例3：It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many
elements in the land community that lack commercial
value, | but
that are essential to its healthy functioning.
(2010.50)
2. 并列连词
如：and,
or（一定要注意并列平行结构）
例4：He adds humbly that perhaps he was “superior to the common run
of men in noticing things which easily escape
attention, | and
in observing them carefully.” (2008.49)
例5：Time was when biologists somewhat overworked the evidence
that these creatures preserve the health of game by
killing the physically weak, |
or that they prey
only on worthless species. (2010.48)
3. 关系代词
如：that, wh-,
how（大多数都是定语从句）
例5：Thus, the anthropological concept of 'culture,' like the concept
of 'set' in mathematics, is an abstract concept
| which
makes possible immense amounts of concrete research
and understanding. (2003.50)
例6：Galileo’s greatest glory was | that
in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented
telescope on the heavens to prove | that
the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the
Earth. (1994.34)
例7：In Europe, as elsewhere, multi-media groups have been
increasingly successful groups | which
bring together television, radio, newspapers, magazines and
publishing houses | that work in
relation to one another. (2005.47)
4. 标点符号
如：，：；
例8：They may teach very well, | and more
than earn their salaries, | but most of
them make little or no independent reflections on human problems
which involve moral judgment. (2006.50)
5. 特殊介词
如：of,
in（注意后面是跟着doing的长句时候才有可能单独拆开）
例9：It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social
institution is its effect | in
enlarging and improving experience; but this effect is not a
part of its original motive. (2009.46)
例10：He believes that this very difficulty may have had the
compensating advantage | of forcing
him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus
enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own
observations. (2008.46)
In doing
sth.一般翻译成在…的过程中。
注意1：并不是所有看到这些句子的时候都拆分，记得先要有种大局观。拆分因人而异，以理解为宜。
比如：Whether the Government should increase
the financing of pure science at the expense of technology
orvice versa often depends on the issue of
which is seen as the driving force.
(1994.35)
这句虽然标出来的词语都是我们的关键词语，但是显然不可能在标出来的三个地方拆分，因为这句的拆分非常简单，主语+谓语+宾语。即：
Whether the Government
should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of
technology or vice
versaoften depends on the issue of
which is seen as the driving
force.
所以大家如果遇到整体部分，先用括号标记出来。即：
(Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure
science at the expense of technology or vice versa) often depends
on (the issue of which is seen as the driving force).
又如：This trend began during the Second World War,
| when several governments
came to the conclusion | that(the specific
demands that a government wants to make of its scientific
establishment) cannot generally be foreseen in detail.
温馨提示：如果一道翻译连基本的结构都不是看得特别清楚，建议果断放弃，有时间再来一点点推测。
注意2：英语里面由于那些时间状语和地点状语可以随意插入句子中很多地方，导致句子中的干扰非常多，我们称为猥琐的小结构。这些小结构的特点：①有点像插入语，但是没有逗号；②他的位置往往将一个主语和一个宾语分开了，导致牛郎织女两两相望。我们要在这些猥琐的小结构下面划上横线以示区别。
比如：While it is easy to ignore in our contact with
them the effect of our acts upon their disposition,
it is not so easy as in dealing with adults.
又如：Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in
such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers,
rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an
educated person.
注意3：英语里面还可能出现it is adj.
for sb. to do
sth.这样的结构，这种结构只能把他当成一个整体，不用拆分，翻译的方法有两种：①顺着翻译：如it
is easy to
see容易看出；②原理翻译，由于这种句子的原理是it是占着位置的，所以正确的语序应该是to
do sth. is adj. for sb.
对于某某人来说做神马事情是怎么样的。如：it is
preferable for journalists to rely
on可以翻译为对于新闻记者来说，依赖于…是可取（preferable）的。自己进行调整。
综合训练1：
题目：I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may
contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been
charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of
those problems. (2006.48)
解答：I have excluded him because, |
while his accomplishments may
contribute to the solution of moral problems,
| he has not been charged with the task | of
approaching any but the factual aspects of those
problems. (2006.48)
综合训练2：
题目：But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more
profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of
the established conventions and special responsibilities of the new
media. (2007.48)
解答：But (the idea that the journalist must understand the law more
profoundly than an ordinary citizen) rests on (an understanding of
the established conventions and special responsibilities of the new
media). (2007.48)
综合训练3：
题目：We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational
process which we have been so far considering, a more formal kind
of education -- that of direct tuition or schooling.
(2009.50)
解答：We are thus led to distinguish, (within
the broad educational process | which
we have been so far considering,) a more formal kind of
education -- | that of direct
tuition or schooling. (2009.50)
综合训练4：
题目：His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept
the obligation of revealing in as obvious a matter as possible the
course of reasoning which led him to his decision. (2006.47)
解答：His function is analogous to that of a judge, |
who must accept the obligation |
of revealing in as obvious a
matter as possible the course of reasoning |
which led him to his decision.
(2006.47)
综合训练5：
题目：But we have at least drawn near the point of admitting that
birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of
the presence or absence of economic advantage to us.
(2010.47)
解答：But we have at least drawn near the point | of
admitting | that
birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic
right, | regardless of the presence or
absence of economic advantage to us. (2010.47)
